MicroRNA-214-mediated UBC9 expression in glioma

( Zhi Qiang Zhao ),( Xiao Chao Tan ),( Ani Zhao ),( Li Yuan Zhu ),( Bin Yin ),( Jiang Ang Yuan ),( Bo Qin Qiang ),( Xiao Zhong Peng ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2012 BMB Reports Vol.45 No.11

It has been reported that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9), the unique enzyme2 in the sumoylation pathway, is up-regulated in many cancers. However, the expression and regulation of UBC9 in glioma remains unknown. In this study, we found that Ubc9 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared to a normal control. UBC9 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) affected cell proliferation and apoptosis in T98G cells. Further experiments revealed that microRNA (miR)-214 directly targeted the 3` untranslated region (UTR) of UBC9 and that there was an inverse relationship between the expression levels of miR-214 and UBC9 protein in glioma tissues and cells. MiR-214 overexpression suppressed the endogenous UBC9 protein and affected T98G cell proliferation. These findings suggest that miR-214 reduction facilitates UBC9 expression and is involved in the regulation of glioma cell proliferation.

Comparison of Forage Quality, Productivity and β-carotene Content according to Maturity of Forage Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Zhao, Guo Qiang,Wei, Sheng Nan,Li, Yan Fen,Jeong, Eun Chan,Kim, Hak Jin,Kim, Jong Geun The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.3

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

CLC-MLP is a General-Purpose Feature Extractor

Qiang Fu Zhao,Tatsuo Higuchi 대한전자공학회 1994 ICONIP : International Conference On Neural Inform Vol.1 No.3

Expression of Connexin 43 and E-cadherin Protein and mRNA in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers in Chinese Patients

Zhao, Jun-Qiang,Sun, Fang-Jie,Liu, Shan-Shan,Yang, Jun,Wu, Yu-Quan,Li, Gui-Shan,Chen, Qing-Yong,Wang, Jia-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Aim: Connexin 43 (Cx43) and E-cadherin are important biomarkers related with cancer. Their expression at protein and mRNA levels was here investigated in 50 primary lung carcinoma tissues and 20 samples of adjacent normal tissue of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Protein and mRNA expression were evaluated by ABC immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: (1) The positive expression rates of Cx43 and E-cadherin protein were higher in the adjacent normal tissues than those in the primary lung carcinoma tissues; (2) the positive expression rates of Cx43 and E-cadherin protein decreased with NSCLC progression; (3) the expression of E-cadherin protein was not related with the pathological type of NSCLC; and (4) the relative quantity of the Cx43 or E-cadherin mRNA expression was correlated with the the histological type, clinical stage, cancer cell differentiation and the lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The data suggested that the Cx43 and E-cadherin are reduced with NSCLC progression, and might be important biomarkers for judging the metastasis and prognosis.

Optimization of Reference Genes for Normalization of the Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Tissue Samples of Gastric Cancer

Zhao, Lian-Mei,Zheng, Zhao-Xu,Zhao, Xiwa,Shi, Juan,Bi, Jian-Jun,Pei, Wei,Feng, Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

For an exact comparison of mRNA transcription in different samples or tissues with real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), it is crucial to select a suitable internal reference gene. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin (ACTB) have been frequently considered as house-keeping genes to normalize for changes in specific gene expression. However, it has been reported that these genes are unsuitable references in some cases, because their transcription is significantly variable under particular experimental conditions and among tissues. The present study was aimed to investigate which reference genes are most suitable for the study of gastric cancer tissues using qRT-PCR. 50 pairs of gastric cancer and corresponding peritumoral tissues were obtained from patients with gastric cancer. Absolute qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of GAPDH, ACTB, RPII and 18sRNA in the gastric cancer samples. Comparing gastric cancer with corresponding peritumoral tissues, GAPDH, ACTB and RPII were obviously upregulated 6.49, 5.0 and 3.68 fold, respectively. Yet 18sRNA had no obvious expression change in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding peritumoral tissues. The expression of GAPDH, ${\beta}$-actin, RPII and 18sRNA showed no obvious changes in normal gastric epithelial cells compared with gastric cancer cell lines. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a widely used clinical tumor marker, was used as a validation gene. Only when 18sRNA was used as the normalizing gene was CEA obviously elevated in gastric cancer tissues compared with peritumoral tissues. Our data show that 18sRNA is stably expressed in gastric cancer samples and corresponding peritumoral tissues. These observations confirm that there is no universal reference gene and underline the importance of specific optimization of potential reference genes for any experimental condition.

A Study on Sybil Attacks in Internet-of-Vehicles

Qiang Zhao,Zhiming He,Haoran Mei,Limei Peng 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

In this paper, we conduct a study on Sybil attacks under the environment of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). We study various types of Sybil attacks and their solutions in IoV, so as to solicit a novel algorithm to address the Sybil attack.

An empirical classification procedure for nonparametric mixture models

Zhao Qiang,Karunamuni Rohana J.,Wu Jingjing 한국통계학회 2020 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.49 No.3

Suppose that there are two populations which are mixed in proportions λ and (1−λ), respectively, and an investigator wishes to classify an individual into one of these two populations based on a p-dimensional observation on the individual. This is the basic classification problem with applications in wide variety of fields. In practice, the optimal rule (Bayes rule) is not available and thus need to be estimated when either the densities of the populations or the mixing proportion λ are not completely specified. This paper presents a nonparametric classification procedure based on kernel estimates for the most general case that both the densities and the mixing proportion are unknown. The error rate of the proposed procedure is calculated and compared with that of the optimal rule. Convergence rate of the difference in error rate are also established. A Monte Carlo simulation study and a real data example are given to compare the proposed rule with the optimal rule for a variety of cases.

Quinetides: diverse posttranslational modified peptides of ribonuclease-like storage protein from Panax quinquefolius as markers for differentiating ginseng species

Qiang Zhao,Yunpeng Bai,Dan Liu,Nan Zhao,Huiyuan Gao,Xiaozhe Zhang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.5

Background: Peptides have diverse and important physiological roles in plants and are ideal markers for species identification. It is unclear whether there are specific peptides in Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ). The aims of this study were to identify Quinetides, a series of diverse posttranslational modified native peptides of the ribonuclease-like storage protein (ginseng major protein), from PQ to explore novel peptide markers and develop a new method to distinguish PQ from Panax ginseng. Methods: We used different fragmentation modes in the LTQ Orbitrap analysis to identify the enriched Quinetide targets of PQ, and we discovered Quinetide markers of PQ and P. ginseng using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. These “peptide markers” were validated by simultaneously monitoring Rf and F11 as standard ginsenosides. Results: We discovered 100 Quinetides of PQ with various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including a series of glycopeptides, all of which originated from the protein ginseng major protein. We effectively distinguished PQ from P. ginseng using new “peptide markers.” Four unique peptides (Quinetides TP6 and TP7 as markers of PQ and Quinetides TP8 and TP9 as markers of P. ginseng) and their associated glycosylation products were discovered in PQ and P. ginseng. Conclusion: We provide specific information on PQ peptides and propose the clinical application of peptide markers to distinguish PQ from P. ginseng.

R&D Internationalization and Innovation Performance: Evidence from Chinese Enterprises

Qiang Zhao,Hong Chen,이병희 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2022 경영경제연구 Vol.44 No.3

In the process of R&D internationalization, enterprises in emerging economies represented by China seek advanced knowledge and technological resources from overseas to improve their innovation capability and performance. Taking the listed companies in Chinese information technology industry from 2009 to 2020 as the research sample, this paper investigates the impact mechanism of R&D internationalization on innovation performance, and tests the moderating effects of state-owned equity and absorptive capacity on the relationship between them. The empirical findings show that R&D internationalization significantly improves enterprise’s innovation performance, and both state-owned equity and absorptive capacity positively moderate the relationship. This enlightens that in the process of R&D internationalization, emerging multinational enterprises can not only obtain the support and services from the home government by increasing the proportion of state-owned equity or establishing political connections, but can also better realize the absorption and transformation of external advanced knowledge and technology by increasing R&D investment, thereby improving the enterprises' innovation performance.

Metadynamic Recrystallizaton Behavior of a Vanadium-Nitrogen Microalloyed Steel

Zhao Baochun,Zhao Tan,Li Guiyan,Lu Qiang 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.4

The metadynamic recrystallizaton behavior of a V-N microalloyed steel was studied by performing a two-pass isothermal compression test at 900 °C-1050 °C at a strain rate of 0.1 s-1 to 7 s-1 with the inter-pass time of 0.2-2 s on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The effects of the processing parameters on the metadynamic recrystallizaton behavior of the tested steel were analyzed. The activation energy of the tested steel was determined by regression method and the kinetic models were constructed. Our results showed that the metadynamic recrystallizaton of the tested steel can easily occur due to low activation energy. The effects of the processing parameters are marked and higher deformation temperature, strain rate, or longer time interval contributes to an increase in the metadynamic recrystallized volume fraction. However, it is difficult to observe work hardening in the second pass at a time interval of 0.2 s and stress tends to be steady. Finally, the kinetic models were confirmed by comparing the experimental and the predicted results.