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Zhou, P.,Tan, Y.Q.,Zhang, L.,Zhou, Y.M.,Gao, F.,Zhou, G.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.9
This study was designed to investigate the effects of basal diets supplemented with a clay product consisting of zeolite and attapulgite (ZA) at 1:1 ratio on growth performance, digestibility of feed nutrients, activities of digestive enzymes in small intestine and intestinal health in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 112 one-day-old male chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicates of 7 chickens each. In experiment 2, 84 one-day-old male chickens were randomly allocated into 2 groups consisting 6 replicates of 7 chickens each. The experimental diets both consisted of a maize-soybean basal control diet supplemented with 0% or 2% ZA. The diets were fed from 1 to 42 days of age. The results showed that ZA supplementation could increase body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), but had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio. The apparent digestibility values of crude protein and gross energy were significantly increased (p<0.05) by ZA from 14 to 16 d and 35 to 37 d. Dietary ZA treatment significantly increased (p<0.05) the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in jejunal digesta and the activities of maltase and sucrase in jejunal mucosa on days 21 and 42. The ZA supplementation also significantly increased (p<0.05) the catalase activity, reduced (p<0.05) the malondialdehyde concentration in the jejunal mucosa. In addition, a decrease of serum diamine oxidase activity and an increase (p<0.05) in concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in jejunal mucosa were observed in birds treated with ZA on 21 and 42 days. It is concluded that ZA supplementation (2%) could partially improve the growth performance by increasing BWG and FI. This improvement was achieved through increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes, enhancing the digestibilites of nutrients, promoting intestinal health of broiler chickens.
Zhou, Z.Q.,Li, S.C.,Li, L.P.,Shi, S.S.,Xu, Z.H. Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.8 No.5
Engineers may encounter unpredictable cavities, sinkholes and karst conduits while tunneling in karst area, and water inrush disaster frequently occurs and endanger the construction safety, resulting in huge casualties and economic loss. Therefore, an optimal classification method based on grey system theory (GST) is established and applied to accurately predict the occurrence probability of water inrush. Considering the weights of evaluation indices, an improved formula is applied to calculate the grey relational grade. Two evaluation indices systems are proposed for risk assessment of water inrush in design stage and construction stage, respectively, and the evaluation indices are quantitatively graded according to four risk grades. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of optimal classification method, comparisons of the evaluation results derived from the aforementioned method and attribute synthetic evaluation system are made. Furthermore, evaluation of engineering practice is carried through with the Xiakou Tunnel as a case study, and the evaluation result is generally in good agreement with the field-observed result. This risk assessment methodology provides a powerful tool with which engineers can systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.
Protease Inhibitors in Porcine Colostrum: Potency Assessment and Initial Characterization
Zhou, Q.,He, R.G.,Li, X.,Liao, S.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.12
Porcine colostrum and milk were separated into the acid-soluble and casein fractions by acidification followed by centrifuge. The acid-soluble fraction of porcine colostrum was further separated by liquid chromatography and anisotropic membrane filtration. Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity in porcine colostrum, milk and their components was determined by incubating bovine trypsin or chymotrypsin in a medium containing their corresponding substrates with or without addition of various amounts of porcine colostrum, porcine milk or their components. The inhibition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in pig small intestinal contents by porcine colostrum was measured by incubating iodinated IGF-I or EGF with the intestinal contents with or without addition of porcine colostrum. Degradation of labeled IGF-I or EGF was determined by monitoring the generation of radioactivity soluble in 30% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The results showed that porcine colostrum had high levels of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and increased the stability of IGF-I and EGF in pig intestinal contents. The inhibitory activity declined rapidly during lactation. It was also found that trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and the inhibition on IGF-I and EGF degradation in the acid-soluble fraction were higher than that in the casein fraction. Heat-resistance study indicated that trypsin inhibitors in porcine colostrum survived heat treatments of $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for up to 10 min, but exposure to boiling water bath for 30 min significantly decreased the inhibitory activity. Compared with the trypsin inhibitors, the chymotrypsin inhibitors were more heatsensitive. Separation of the acid-soluble fraction of porcine colostrum by liquid chromatography and anisotropic membrane filtration revealed that the trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity was mainly due to a group of small proteins with molecular weight of 10,000-50,000. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the existence of high levels of protease inhibitors in porcine colostrum, and the inhibition of porcine colostrum on degradation of milk-borne growth factors in the pig small intestinal tract was demonstrated for the first time.
Immobilization of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase on Silylated Mesoporous TiO2 Whiskers
H. Q. Wang,Zhong Yao,Y. Sun,Z. Zhou,Q. Xiong,Z. X. Zhong 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.2
The surface of mesoporous TiO2 whiskers (MTw)was chemically modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES). The point of zero charge (pzc) of MTw and themodified material (MTwA) was 5.3 and 6.8, respectively. MTw and MTwA were then used as carrier to immobilizeγ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Our results indicated that the loading capacity ofMTwA for GTT was significantly superior to that of MTw. Although the optimum temperature and thermal stability ofMTwA-GGT were slightly lower than those of MTw-GGT,its pH stability was greatly improved compared with eitherfree enzyme or MTw-GGT. The affinity constant (Km) ofMTwA-GGT to γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GpNA) was0.889 mM, higher than that of free enzyme but lower thanthat of MTw-GGT. In addition, MTwA-GGT displayed agood operational stability.
Y. Q. Ning,B. C. Xie,C. Zhou,H. Q. Liang,M. W. Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.2
Strain-rate sensitivity (SRS) is an important parameter to describe the thermodynamic behavior in plasticdeformation process. In this research, the variation of SRS associated with steady-state DRX in P/Msuperalloys was quantitatively investigated. Based on the theoretical analysis and microstructural observationof the alloy after deformation, the SRS coefficient was employed to identify the deformation mechanismof the alloy. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between SRS coefficient m, stress exponent nand deformation mechanism was revealed. The stress exponent n in the Arrhenius constitutive model of P/Msuperalloys was calculated. In addition, it is found there is a relatively stable stress exponent range (n = 4-6),indicating that dislocation evolution played as the major hot deformation mechanism for P/M FGH4096superalloy. Furthermore, the Bergstrom model and Senkov model were used and combined together to estimatethe SRS coefficient in the steady-state DRX and the m value maintains at 0.2-0.22, which are consistentwith the microstructural evolution during hot deformation process. The SRS coefficient distribution mapand power dissipation efficiency distribution map were finally constructed associated with the microstructuralevolution during hot deformation, which can be used to optimize the processing parameters of thesuperalloys.