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A Critical Note on Claude Panaccio’s Ockham on Concepts
Philip Choi 한국분석철학회 2014 철학적 분석 Vol.0 No.31
In his book Ockham on Concepts, Claude Panaccio suggests a strong externalist interpretation (SE) of Ockham’s view on perceptual content. I argue that his SE is in conflict with his another interpretation of Ockham’s view on conceptual similitude.
14세기 주의주의 믿음 이론과 그 비판 -로버트 홀코트(Robert Holcot)의 『여섯 가지 논제들』 중 「두 번째 논제」-
최필립 ( Choi Philip ) 한국중세철학회 2020 중세철학 Vol.0 No.26
본 논문은 믿음(credere)의 본성에 관한 14세기 스콜라 철학의 주류 이론인 주의주의와 도미니코회 철학자 로버트 홀코트(Robert Holcot, d.1349)의 주의주의 비판, 그리고 그의 대안 이론인 주지주의 믿음 이론을 다룬다. 주의주의 믿음 이론에 따르면, 믿음은 지식, 추측과 같은 다른 긍정 판단과 달리 우리의 의지의 자유로운 선택에 의해 얻게 되는 태도이다. 하지만 그의 『여섯 가지 논제들』중 「두 번째 논제」에서 홀코트는 이러한 주의주의는 틀렸으며, 믿음은 지식, 추측과 마찬가지로 우리의 의지가 자유롭게 선택하는 것이 아니라, 명제의 참, 거짓을 파악하는 지성의 인지 과정에 따라 필연적으로 갖게 되는 긍정 판단이라고 주장한다. 그러나 홀코트의 주지주의는 믿음이 어떻게 올바른 삶의 필요조건이 될 수 있는지를 설명하기 어렵다는 반론에 부딪친다. 이 반론에 대해, 홀코트는 비록 믿음이 필연적으로 갖게 되는 판단이라고 할지라도 의지의 자유로운 선택들이 믿음 형성에 간접적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 지적하며, 이러한 간접적 영향력을 통해 믿음과 올바른 삶의 연관성을 설명할 수 있다고 답한다. This article aims to investigate the 14th century Dominican philosopher Robert Holcot (d. 1349)’s arguments against voluntarism about credere, and his alternative, involuntarist account of the nature of credere. According to voluntarists, credere, a paradigmatic case of which is an assent to the articles of faith, is different from involuntary assents such as knowledge and opinion in that it can be had when our will freely chooses to assent to its object. In his second article of Six Articles, however, Holcot claims that this voluntarist account is mistaken. On his view, credere too is an involuntary assent which is necessitated by our intellectual or cognitive processes. One main objection to Holcot’s involuntarism is that it cannot account for the moral aspect of credere, namely, how it can contribute to a life that deserves divine merit and salvation. To this objection, Holcot answers that although credere cannot be achieved by the will’s free choice, it can indirectly be influenced by free choices, and that this indirect connection is the key to explaining the moral aspect of credere.
Kim, Sang Jin,Choi, Teajun,Lee, Bora,Lee, Sunwoo,Choi, Kyoungjun,Park, Jong Bo,Yoo, Je Min,Choi, Yong Seok,Ryu, Jaechul,Kim, Philip,Hone, James,Hong, Byung Hee American Chemical Society 2015 Nano letters Vol.15 No.5
<P>We report an ultraclean, cost-effective, and easily scalable method of transferring and patterning large-area graphene using pressure sensitive adhesive films (PSAFs) at room temperature. This simple transfer is enabled by the difference in wettability and adhesion energy of graphene with respect to PSAF and a target substrate. The PSAF-transferred graphene is found to be free from residues and shows excellent charge carrier mobility as high as ∼17 700 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V·s with less doping compared to the graphene transferred by thermal release tape (TRT) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as well as good uniformity over large areas. In addition, the sheet resistance of graphene transferred by recycled PSAF does not change considerably up to 4 times, which would be advantageous for more cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of large-area graphene films for practical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-5/acs.nanolett.5b00440/production/images/medium/nl-2015-00440a_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b00440'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Atomic-scale sensing of the magnetic dipolar field from single atoms
Choi, Taeyoung,Paul, William,Rolf-Pissarczyk, Steffen,Macdonald, Andrew J.,Natterer, Fabian D.,Yang, Kai,Willke, Philip,Lutz, Christopher P.,Heinrich, Andreas J. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature nanotechnology Vol.12 No.5
<P>Spin resonance provides the high-energy resolution needed to determine biological and material structures by sensing weak magnetic interactions(1). In recent years, there have been notable achievements in detecting(2) and coherently controlling(3-7) individual atomic-scale spin centres for sensitive local magnetometry(8-10). However, positioning the spin sensor and characterizing spin-spin interactions with sub-nanometre precision have remained outstanding challenges(11,12). Here, we use individual Fe atoms as an electron spin resonance (ESR) sensor in a scanning tunnelling microscope to measure the magnetic field emanating from nearby spins with atomic-scale precision. On artificially built assemblies of magnetic atoms (Fe and Co) on a magnesium oxide surface, we measure that the interaction energy between the ESR sensor and an adatom shows an inverse-cube distance dependence (r(-3.01+/-0.04)). This demonstrates that the atoms are predominantly coupled by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, which, according to our observations, dominates for atom separations greater than 1 nm. This dipolar sensor can determine the magnetic moments of individual adatoms with high accuracy. The achieved atomic-scale spatial resolution in remote sensing of spins may ultimately allow the structural imaging of individual magnetic molecules, nanostructures and spin-labelled biomolecules.</P>
Hyperfine interaction of individual atoms on a surface
Willke, Philip,Bae, Yujeong,Yang, Kai,Lado, Jose L.,Ferró,n, Alejandro,Choi, Taeyoung,Ardavan, Arzhang,Ferná,ndez-Rossier, Joaquí,n,Heinrich, Andreas J.,Lutz, Christopher P. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.362 No.6412
<P>Taking advantage of nuclear spins for electronic structure analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and quantum devices hinges on knowledge and control of the surrounding atomic-scale environment. We measured and manipulated the hyperfine interaction of individual iron and titanium atoms placed on a magnesium oxide surface by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with single-atom electron spin resonance. Using atom manipulation to move single atoms, we found that the hyperfine interaction strongly depended on the binding configuration of the atom. We could extract atom-and position-dependent information about the electronic ground state, the state mixing with neighboring atoms, and properties of the nuclear spin. Thus, the hyperfine spectrum becomes a powerful probe of the chemical environment of individual atoms and nanostructures.</P>
문석형,최호신,권석근,육종철 대한방사선 방어학회 1987 방사선방어학회지 Vol.12 No.1
X-선 발생장치 시설에 대한 방사선 차폐해석은 두가지 측면에서 고려된다. 먼저 1차 방사선과 누설방사선에 의한 영향을 고려하여야 하며 본 연구에서는 NCRP-49 및 51에 제시된 방법을 사용하였다. 둘째, 시설의 미로 출입구에서는 산란방사선에 의한 영향이 보다 중요한데, 본연구에서는 이 영향을 평가하기 위하여 Albedo개념을 근거로 한 단순한 방법이 제시되었고, 이를 토대로 계산된 결과를 컴퓨터 코-드(MORSE-CG)의 계산치 및 실측된 결과와 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법에 의한 결과는 미로출입구 안쪽의 경우에 대한 해석에서는 약간의 오차를 보이고 있으나 미로출입구 문바깥에서는 비교적 잘 일치한다. 여기서 출입문바깥의 경우에 대한 해석이 방사선방어 측면에서 보다 중요하다는 관점에서 볼 때 이 방법은 의료용 또는 산업용의 X-선 및 감마선시설의 차폐설계 및 해석이 응용될 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다. Radiation shielding analysis for a 6MeV X-ray facility was carried out. The primary and leakage radiation for the facility can be evaluated based on the methodology in NCRP No. 49 and 51. The present study deals with radiation scattering analysis for the outside and inside door of the facility based on the albedo concept. The calculated dose rates were compared with the results of MORSE-CG code calculation and the measured data, resulting in a good agreement, even though there existed some deviation for the inside door. These results can be utilized to the radiation shielding design of the medical and industrial X and gamma ray facilities, and to the safety evaluation of these facilities.
( Hyuk Jae Choi ),( Philip J Proteau ),( Tara Byrum ),( William H Gerwick ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0
An investigation of the oxylipin chemistry of the temperate brown alga Cymathere triplicata led to the isolation of several secondary metabolites, cymatherelactone (1) and cymatherols A-C (2-4), the latter as their methyl ester derivatives (5-7), which contained cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, epoxide and lactone rings. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and synthetic chemistry. Cymatherelactone (1), as well as R- and S-Mosher`s esters of its seco acid, exhibited moderate sodium channel blocking activity.