A Cash Management Model with Capital Gains Taxation-Two Assets Certainty Model

Phang, Sukhyun 한국경영과학회 1979 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

The cash management problem as a part of working capital management has been extensively studied. By and large the articles surveyed lacked consideration of long-term assets and the proper tax treatment of them. Recognizing that investment activities - long-term as well as short-term generate cash inflows, leads one to conclude that these investments should be included in the cash management problem. The liquidity of long term investments is an integral part of the cash management problem. This paper for-mulated a cash management models which incorporate the effect of long term investments and their liquidity on cash holdings. Although all of the models formulated could be solved using mathematical programming techniques, the mere size of the problem in terms of the number of variables and constraints leads one to seek other methods. For this reason rules were developed using the Kuhn-Tucker conditions thereby substantially avoiding the programming calculations or at least easing them significantly.

PVA/PVP Nanofibres Incorporated with Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins Exhibit Excellent Cytocompatibility and Accelerate Hyperglycaemic Wound Healing

Phang Shou Jin,Teh Huey Xhin,Looi Mee Lee,Fauzi Mh Busra,Neo Yun Ping,Arumugam Bavani,Kuppusamy Umah Rani 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing. Methods: The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively. Results: Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing. Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing. Methods: The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively. Results: Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing.

Experience of Social Support Among Working Mothers: A Concept Map

Phang, A.Y.,Lee, K.-H. NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING ASSOC 2009 JOURNAL OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING Vol.46 No.4

Selective CO₂ adsorption and proton conductivity in the two-dimensional Zn(<small>II</small>) framework with protruded water molecules and flexible ether linkers

Phang, Won Ju,Lee, Woo Ram,Yoo, Kicheon,Kim, BongSoo,Hong, Chang Seop The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Dalton transactions Vol.42 No.22

<P>A two-dimensional (2D) Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) metal–organic framework with flexible aryl ether linkers and water molecules exposed to the pores was prepared. The supramolecular three-dimensional (3D) network is generated by the presence of extensive π–π contacts, which could be responsible for gas uptake. The water molecules and oxygen atoms from the flexible linkers create a polar environment within the integrated framework, leading to simultaneous selective CO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption and proton conductivity in the two-dimensional Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) framework.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A two-dimensional Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) metal–organic framework with flexible aryl ether linkers and water molecules exposed to the pores exhibits simultaneous selective CO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption and proton conductivity. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3dt50896j'> </P>

pH‐Dependent Proton Conducting Behavior in a Metal–Organic Framework Material

Phang, Won Ju,Lee, Woo Ram,Yoo, Kicheon,Ryu, Dae Won,Kim, BongSoo,Hong, Chang Seop WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 Angewandte Chemie Vol.126 No.32

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A porous metal–organic framework (MOF), [Ni<SUB>2</SUB>(dobdc)(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>]⋅6 H<SUB>2</SUB>O (Ni<SUB>2</SUB>(dobdc) or Ni‐MOF‐74; dobdc<SUP>4−</SUP>=2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) with hexagonal channels was synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal reaction. Soaking Ni<SUB>2</SUB>(dobdc) in sulfuric acid solutions at different pH values afforded new proton‐conducting frameworks, H<SUP>+</SUP>@Ni<SUB>2</SUB>(dobdc). At pH 1.8, the acidified MOF shows proton conductivity of 2.2×10<SUP>−2</SUP> S cm<SUP>−1</SUP> at 80 °C and 95 % relative humidity (RH), approaching the highest values reported for MOFs. Proton conduction occurs via the Grotthuss mechanism with a significantly low activation energy as compared to other proton‐conducting MOFs. Protonated water clusters within the pores of H<SUP>+</SUP>@Ni<SUB>2</SUB>(dobdc) play an important role in the conduction process.</P>

Structures and Sorption Properties of 2-Methylbenzimidazolate-Based Zn(II) Frameworks

Phang, Won Ju,Lee, Woo Ram,Hong, Chang Seop Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8

The syntheses and crystal structures of a three-dimensional (3D) coordination network $[Zn_4(2-mBIM)_5-(C_2H_6NCOO)(HCOO)({\mu}-OH)]{\cdot}DMF$ ($1{\cdot}$DMF; 2-mBIM = 2-methylbenzimidazolate) and a two-dimensional (2D) layer $[Zn_2(2-mBIM)_3(HCOO)(H_2O)]{\cdot}DMF$ ($2{\cdot}DMF$) are reported. Different structures were produced depending on the ratio of reactants. Structurally, 1 illustrates the formation of a unique framework based on a 2-mBIM bridge with the side group on an imidazole ring, while 2 possesses a honeycomb layer built up purely from imidazolates. For gas sorption, $CO_2$ is adsorbed on the activated phase of 1 but $N_2$ is not taken up.

A Mixed-Method Study on the Motivational Effects of Web 2.0 Technology on Mother Tongue Language (Chinese Language) Learning

( Phang Yuh Koon ) 한국교육공학회 2014 한국교육공학회 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2014 No.2

Motivated students are every teacher``s dream and they are diligent, goals-directed, focused and determined to attain success in their learning. As scholars have stated, motivation is the key to academic success as well as fostering lifelong learning. However, we all know that the motivation that drives students`` learning stems from various sources, internal to the learner, external, or both. The purpose of this study is to examine the motivational influence of Web 2.0 technology on a class sample of n=40 Secondary One elementary students`` learning of their Mother Tongue Language (Chinese Language). Examining the motivation aspect is essential for language teachers because motivation is one of the key drivers of language learning success Now, the fundamental question is on how do we motivate the students in learning their Mother Tongue Language (Chinese Language)? Significantly, researchers have evidenced that Chinese language teachers are challenged with the predicament of engaging and motivating students to learn the Chinese Language and at the same time the worrying concern of students`` declining Chinese Language proficiency level has also surface. Correspondingly, some students perceive their mother tongue merely as an examination subject for progress in the academic ladder, while others have little or no incentive to learn it in schools. Researchers and scholars have also highlighted that theories of motivation generally seek to explicate why and how individuals choose, perform, and persevere in various activities; but ultimately, these theories also enlightened those whom endeavor to motivate others. But for the classroom teachers, they are more interested in finding out what they can do to stimulate students`` motivation to learn than investigating what accounts for amounts of variance in language proficiency, which serves as a typical preoccupation in research. Classroom practitioners are enthusiastic to discover ways of increasing the quantity and quality of students`` engagement and motivation in learning activities, in view of the fact that students`` active classroom participation engages learning. As a matter of fact, numerous research findings have demonstrated that the greater the motivation to use the language, the higher the success rate the learners can attained in language learning. Hence, it is paramount to foster students`` motivation in using and learning the language, and this need to be done in an extrinsicallymotivated learning environment which gradually enhances the intrinsic motivation of the individual learner. More recently, research about the use of Web 2.0 tools in the language classroom has revealed that students anticipate and welcome the use of technology in language instruction and learning and the employment of Web 2.0 technology has been associated to greater motivation and technological tools like blogs and Wikis have been observed to engage and improve students`` writing. Nonetheless, some assert that students perceive the Web 2.0 technologies as having a positive relationship with them and teachers`` diving into the media that the learners have already know and love is a plausible way to motivate, excite, and connect to the students. Hence, is it necessary so that Web 2.0 technology motivates students in the learning of a language, particularly in the context of their Mother Tongue Language (Chinese Language)? Specifically, this mixedmethod study is guided by two principal research questions namely: Does the use of Web 2.0 technology affect Singapore students`` motivation for the Chinese Language learning? How does the use of Web 2.0 technology influence the students`` motivation for Chinese Language learning? In the present study, the Chinese Language Motivation Scale (CLMOTS) developed by Soh (1993), a self-perception survey questionnaire, together with students`` semi-structured interviews are employed to acquire a more-in depth understanding and a comprehensive picture of the significance and influence of technology on students`` motivation for Chinese Language learning. More importantly, the quantitative and qualitative findings and results would provide insights to language educators and classroom practitioners on how to better harness the affordances of Web 2.0 technology while simultaneously rethink and redesign their instructional practice, strategies and ICT-enabled pedagogies to motivate and transform Mother Tongue Languages (Chinese Language) or second Languages learning.

‘좋은 일자리’(Good job)의 개념구성 및 결정요인의 분석

방하남(Phang Hanam),이상호(Lee Sang-Ho) 한국사회학회 2006 韓國社會學 Vol.40 No.1

이 논문은 노동시장에서 근로자들의 성취를 가늠해주는 ‘좋은 일자리’의 개념화와 측정을 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 우리는 좋은 일자리란 무엇인가를 측정할 수 있는 척도로서 경제적 보상으로 서의 임금, 사회적 척도로서의 직업위세, 심리적 주관적 척도로서의 직무만족도를 종합적으로 이용하여 ‘좋은 일자리’의 개념을 구성하였다. 이러한 개념정의에 따라 모든 일자리를 ‘나쁜 일자리’에서 ‘좋은 일자리’에 이르는 4개의 서열범주로 분류한 후 개인들이 상대적으로 좋은 일자리 범주에 속할 확률의 결정요인과 효과를 추정하였다. 추정 결과 좋은 일자리의 성-학력-연령계층별 불평등 분포를 확인할 수 있으며, 아울러 좋은 일자리에 취업할 확률은 근로생애의 연령단계에 따라서 변화를 보이며 그러한 생애패턴이 성별로 서로 상이한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 노동시장 불평등과 분절구조를 연구함에 있어서 기존의 통상적인 지표들 ― 즉 임금, 직업위세, 직무만족도 등 ― 보다 본 논문에서 제시하고 있는 ‘좋은 일자리’의 종합적인 지표가 더 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. In this paper we explore the conceptualization and measurement of ‘good job’ and its distribution over individual’s background and positional attributes. We, drawing on past studies on good job, we focus on the three most prominent dimensions of a desirable job ― social status, financial reward and subjective satisfaction. According to the three indices, we classify individuals’ current jobs into an ordinal scale that runs from ‘good’ to ‘bad’ job on a 1-4 scale. And then we examine, using ordinal probit model, empirical probabilities of each individual being classified into a better job category. The statistical analysis based on the ordinal probit model reveal that good job is unequally distributed between sex, education, and age groupings. Based on the exploratory and analytic results of our conceptualization of ‘good job’ we suggest that the suggested multi-dimensional concept of ‘good job’ could be a better alternative to any one-dimensional definition and measurement of labor market success based on the job occupied ―wage, social status, satisfaction ― and as such be a fruitful concept that could be utilized in studying labor market inequalities in the future.

Global Baseoil Supply and Demand Forecast 2006-2011

Timothy Phang 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 Lubricants SYMPOSIUM Vol.2006 No.9

변화와 세습

방하남(Phang Hanam),김기헌(Kim Geehun) 한국사회학회 2001 韓國社會學 Vol.35 No.3

생애과정적 관점에서 볼 때 개인의 사회적 지위획득은 귀속적 지위의 근원으로서의 ‘가족’ 과 개인의 업적을 쌓는 장소로서의 ‘학교’, 그리고 직업적 지위획득의 장으로서의 ‘노동시장’ 으로 이어지는 일련의 과정 속에서 이루어진다. 본 논문은 이러한 관점에서 개인의 사회적 지위획득과정(status attainment process)을 모형화하고 그러한 과정과 결과가 어떻게 그리고 얼마나 개인이 속한 가족의 귀속적 지위와 자신의 업적적 지위, 그리고 사회적 변화와 변동 속에서 이루어지는가를 분석하였다. 지위획득과정에 대한 분석 결과. [부친의 학력] → [본인의 학력] → [본인의 초직] → [본인의 현직]으로 이어지는 경로가 가장 주된 세습-성취경로임을 확인할 수 있었으며 세대간 세습과정에서 부친의 직업보다 부친의 학력이 미치는 영향이 훨씬 크며 세대내 성취과정에서는 가족배경의 영향이 직접적으로 본인의 지위획득에 영향을 미치기보다는 본인의 학력을 매개로 해서 이루어진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 남녀별로 지위획득과정을 살펴본 결과, 여성이 남성보다 출신가족의 영향을 더 받으며 사회이동에 있어서 남성보다 한층 더 제약된 조건하에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연령집단 별로 살펴본 결과, 세대내 성취과정은 연령세대를 거치면서 업적적 요인(교육)이 지위획득에 미치는 영향이 점점 커져 가는 방향으로 변화해 왔으나, 사회적 지위의 세대간 세습 과정에 있어서는 귀속적 요인의 영향이 산업화가설과는 달리 단선적으로 감소하지 않고 오히려 증가하여 왔음을 보여주었다. 마지막으로 출신지역별 차이에 대한 분석은 전남/전북출신보다 경남/경북출신자들의 지위획득과정이 보다 일관되고 정연하며 부모세대의 사회적 지원을 더 많이 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Individual’s socio-economic status is achieved in the process of life-course transitions from ‘family’ as a source of ascriptive status to ‘school’ as a place to build academic credit to ‘labor market' as a contested terrain for occupational status and income. In this paper, drawing upon Blau-and-Duncan’s status attainment model, we examine how and to what extent individual’s status attainment process and outcome are affected by one’s family’s ascriptive status and by one’s own merit and achievement. Also is examined how the mechanism of inter- and intra-generational status attainment varies between different groups by sex, age cohort, and the region of origin. In particular, we test the modernization hypothesis on inter-generational social mobility: the process of social status attainment becomes more dependent on individual merit than on one’s ascriptive status as economy and society becomes more developed. Based on the result of analysis, we could confirm that the major path of influence in ascription and achievement is from [father’s education] to [own education] to [own first job]. We also found that, in attaining educational merit(schooling), father’s education is more influential than occupation, while in achieving occupational status, the indirect effect of father’s social status through one’s own educational attainment is larger than it’s direct effect. The effect of the family of origin on one’s status attainment process is found to be larger for women than for men. Cohort changes in social status achievement showed that, while the effect of one’s academic merit on occupational status increased, the effect of one’s ascriptive status was not found to be decreasing over the past decades, which contradicts the modernization hypothesis.