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Use of Methods and Evaluation Systems of the Impact Mitigation Principle in German EIA
Peters, Wolfgang 한국환경영향평가학회 1993 환경영향평가 Vol.2 No.2
Before the EIA was established in the Federal Republic of Germany, the impact mitigation principle - a planning instrument, which has its legal foundation in the German nature conservation legislation already had {and still has} the function to valuate environmental impacts. The valuation principles and methods which have been developed in correlation to this instrument are now also used in the EIA. Particularly for the valuation of alternating effects on the different ecological landscape functions and for the valuation of ecological mitigation and compensation measures this valuation methods are used. These methods base on a special kind of modelling nature and environment Following the aim of the nature conservation act, which is to save the capacity of the landscape to perform its essential functions, not the ecological factors (soil, water, air etc.) itselfs are evaluated but the ecological functions of the landscape, which are based on the ecological factors.
Peters, Wolfgang 한국환경영향평가학회 1993 환경영향평가 Vol.2 No.2
During the last years it became more and more difficult to deal with environmental conflicts using traditional political instruments in industrialized countries. One reason for the occurring problems might be the citizens' awareness of scarceness of nature. Another reason might be the changing legislation with the introduction of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) as an integral part of a project's licensing procedure. The EIA offers new possibilities for citizens to interfere in decision processes and to obstruct projects. The changing situation requires new instruments for conflict solving. Mediation may he considered an alternative or completion to the traditional political instruments. It is a systematic strategy for conflict treatment and, with the support of an independent mediator, allows to reach an agreement among all parties involved. Mediation may be introduced in the EIA. One possibility offers the scoping date, which, if the participation of the public is assured, might avoid heavy disputes in the further process. Another connection between the instrument of mediation and the EIA could be the use of the environmental impact study (EIS) as information background for a mediation process. EIA would then be source of information about all environmental aspects. Thus the role of EIA would be extended to being a part of conflict analysis in the alternative dispute resolution process.
Outdoor Workers' Use of Sun Protection at Work and Leisure
Peters, Cheryl E.,Koehoorn, Mieke W.,Demers, Paul A.,Nicol, Anne-Marie,Kalia, Sunil Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.3
Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.
Peters, Ted 강남대학교 2000 우원사상 논총 Vol.9 No.-
복제가 성공했다는 소식이 전해지자마자, 온 세상은 즉각, 그리고 직관적으로 그것이 신학의 문제라는 생각을 했다. 이것은 과학 이상의 문제이며, 단순히 새로운 과학 기술의 발견이 아닌 것이다. 타임지의 표지에 두 마리 양의 사진과 함께 써 있는 문장 - "또 다른 당신은 존재할 것인가?"-에서 발견될 수 있듯이 이것은 복제양 "돌리"(Dolly)에 대한 우스개 소리 이상이다. 이것은 종교적인 문제를 촉발시켰다. 그리고 우리를 휘감고 있는 두려움은 윤리적 분노를 일으키고 있다.
( Peters William ) 한국현대언어학회 2014 언어연구 Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of the study is to investigate feedback preference to student reflection incorporated in Korean university English foreign language (EFL) writing classes. It explored how they responded to self-reflection questions when integrated into their regular lessons. The goal of this research is to help Korean students become more dynamic reflective thinkers and to increase their learner autonomy. A student reflection questionnaire on self- reflection and autonomy was administered as well as a questionnaire on student perception of composition, unit tests and follow-up student interviews on the results of the questionnaire. Summarized are the impacts of student reflections on learning and autonomy, as well as the findings on the strengths and weakness of incorporating and using reflection in the Korean EFL university writing classroom. The findings from Spring 2013 indicate that students would benefit from participating in reflection to facilitate autonomous learning.
VERTICAL FLOATING PINS IN OTC ROUTING
Peters, I.,Molitor, P.,Weber, M. 대한전자공학회 1996 APCCAS:Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits And Sys Vol.1 No.1
We present a generalized center terminal cell model and propose ove-th-cell (OTC) routing algorithms, utilizing the new feature of the model, i.e., Vertical Floating Pins (VFP's). We approach the problem by linear integer programming and by dynamic programming. For further channel density reduction, both approaches have been combined with linear channel pin assignment. Experiments show a total density reduction by 45% compared to other OTC routing algorithms for center terminal cells.