The Expression of Carnosine and Its Effect on the Antioxidant Capacity of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Pigs Exposed to Constant Heat Stress

Yang, Peige,Hao, Yue,Feng, Jinghai,Lin, Hai,Feng, Yuejin,Wu, Xin,Yang, Xin,Gu, Xianhong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.12

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of constant high ambient temperatures on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and carnosine expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. Castrated 24 male DLY (crossbreeds between Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire sows and Duroc boars) pigs were allocated to one of three treatments: constant ambient temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ and ad libitum feeding (CON, n = 8); constant high ambient temperature at $30^{\circ}C$ and ad libitum feeding (H30, n = 8); and constant ambient temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ and pair-fed with H30 (PF, n = 8). Meat quality, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant capacity, carnosine content, and carnosine synthetase (CARNS1) mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured after three weeks. The results revealed that H30 had lower $pH_{24h}$, redness at 45 min, and yellowness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.05), and higher drip loss at 48 h and lightness at 24 h post-mortem (p<0.01). Constant heat stress disrupted the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in longissimus dorsi muscle with higher MDA content (p<0.01) and lower antioxidant capacity (p<0.01). Carnosine content and CARNS1 mRNA expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of H30 pigs were significantly decreased (p<0.01) after three weeks at $30^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, constant high ambient temperatures affect meat quality and antioxidant capacity negatively, and the reduction of muscle carnosine content is one of the probable reasons.

The Effectiveness of Green Tea or Green Tea Extract on Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Jinyue Yu,Peige Song,Rachel Perry,Chris Penfold,Ashley R. Cooper 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.4

Green tea or green tea extract (GT/GTE) has been demonstrated to reduce insulin resistance and improve glycemic control. However, evidence for this health beneficial effect is inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effect of GT/GTE on insulin resistance and glycemic control in people with pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to April 2017 for randomised controlled trials of participants with pre-diabetes or T2DM, where the intervention was GT/GTE. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the standardised mean difference (SMD) in biomarkers of insulin resistance and glycemic control between GT/GTE and placebo groups. Six studies (n=382) were pooled into random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, no differences were found between GT/GTE and the placebo for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c: SMD, –0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.86 to 0.23), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: SMD, 0.10; 95% CI, –0.17 to 0.38), fasting insulin (SMD, –0.25; 95% CI, –0.64 to 0.15), and fasting glucose (SMD, –0.10; 95% CI, –0.50 to 0.30). No evidence support the consumption of GT/GTE could reduce the levels of HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, or fasting glucose in people with pre-diabetes/T2DM. However, the studies included were small and of varying quality.

The associations of obesity phenotypes with the risk of hypertension and its transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Ziyue Sheng,Shang Lou,Jin Cao,Weidi Sun,Yaojia Shen,Yunhan Xu,Ziyang Ren,Wen Liu,Qian Yi,Peige Song 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS: Using the 2011-2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis included 9,015 subjects and a longitudinal analysis included 4,961 subjects, with 4,872 having full data on the hypertension stage and 4,784 having full data on the hypertension phenotype. Based on body mass index and waist circumstance, subjects were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive obesity phenotypes: normal weight with no central obesity (NWNCO), abnormal weight with no central obesity (AWNCO), normal weight with central obesity (NWCO), and abnormal weight with central obesity (AWCO). Hypertension stages were classified into normotension, pre-hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension phenotypes were categorized as normotension, pre-hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). The association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension was estimated by logistic regression. A comparison between different sexes was conducted by testing the interaction effect of sex. RESULTS: NWCO was associated with normal→stage 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.42), maintained stage 1 (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.29), and normal→ISH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85). AWCO was associated with normal→stage 1 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.19), maintained stage 1 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.72), maintained stage 2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.50 to 5.25), normal→ISH (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.02), and normal→SDH (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.75). An interaction effect of sex existed in the association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension stages. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of various obesity phenotypes and sex differences in hypertension progression. Tailored interventions for different obesity phenotypes may be warranted in hypertension management, taking into account sex-specific differences to improve outcomes.

Study on Calculation Model for Compressive Strength of Water Saturated Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Pei Ge,Wei Huang,Hao Zhang,Wenli Quan,Yuting Guo 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.1

It has been proved that the compressive strength of water saturated concrete is lower than that of air dry concrete. Due to the water absorption of recycled aggregate (RA) is noticeably higher than that of natural aggregate (NA), the mechanical properties of water saturated recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) are quite different from those of water saturated natural aggregate concrete (NAC). At the same time, the calculation of concrete compressive strength is the first step of concrete mix proportion design. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the compressive strength of RAC in water saturated state. In this study, firstly, the water content and effective water absorption of NA, recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), as well as the water content and effective water absorption of concrete specimen were tested; secondly, the effects of water/cement ratio, water saturation and coarse aggregate types on the compressive strength of water saturated concrete were studied; finally, the calculation model for compressive strength of water saturated concrete was proposed. The test results show that: Within 120 hours, the maximum effective water absorption of NA, RCA and RBA is 0.32%, 0.61% and 8.18%, respectively. Within 240 hour, the maximum effective water absorption of NAC, recycled concrete aggregate concrete (RCAC) and recycled brick aggregate concrete (RBAC) is 0.73%, 0.81% and 1.89%, respectively. In air dry and water saturated state, the descending order of compressive strength of concrete is: NAC > RCAC > RBAC. The average relative error of the calculation model for compressive strength of water saturated concrete is 7.1%. In the calculation model, water/cement ratio, effective water absorption, water saturation and coarse aggregate types are considered. The results of this study have great significance for the mix proportion design of water saturated concrete.