Freedom and Violence: A Comparison of American, Chinese, Japanese, and Soviet Attitudes in the UN General Assembly

Lee,Dae-Kyu,John M.Peek 東亞大學校 大學院 1983 大學院論文集 Vol.7 No.-

이 論文은 世界의 四大强國(美國·中國·日本 및 소련)들이 유엔總會에서 「自由와 暴力」에 대하여 보여준 態度를 比較·硏究한 것이다. 이를 위하여 이 論文은 국제적인 테러·人權·自決 및 攻擊이라는 네가지 領域을 선정하고, 각 領域에 대하여 美國·中國·日本 및 소련의 代表들이 유엔總會에서 나타낸 態度들을 分析하였다. 그 결과 이 硏究는 그들의 態度에는 다음과 같은 몇가지의 뚜렷한 차이점이 있음을 발견하였다. 첫째, 테러의 면에서 볼 때, 中國과 소련은 國家의 테러行爲에 강조점을 두는 반면, 美國은 이를 반대하고 있으며, 日本은 받아들이기를 꺼리는 입장을 취하고 있으며, 美國은 이를 완전히 거부하는 態度를 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 人權의 면에서 볼 때, 美國은 주로 政治的 權利를 주장하고 있으나, 나머지 3個國은 주로 經濟的 權利를 강조하고 있다. 美國과 日本에 비해, 소련과 특히 中國은 暴力을 權利獲得의 수단으로 보는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 세째, 自決의 면에서 볼 때, 美國과 日本은 점진적·평화적인 관점에서 自決을 파악하는 반면에, 中國과 소련은 급진적·비평화적인 관점에서 自決을 파악하고 있다. 네째, 攻擊의 면에서 볼 때, 美國·日本 및 소련은 攻擊의 군사적인 측면을 강조하고 있으나, 中國은 政治的·經濟的인 측면까지도 포함시키고 있다.

다문화 교육프로그램이 간호대학생의 문화적 역량, 공감 능력, 자기효능감에 미치는 효과

픽은희(Peek, Eun-Hee),박재순(Park, Chai-Soon) 한국간호과학회 2013 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.43 No.5

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of a multicultural education program on nursing students" cultural competence, empathy, and self-efficacy. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=40) or a control group (n=40). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square or Fisher"s exact test, and paired t-test with the SPSS windows 18.0 program. Results: After receiving the multicultural education program, the levels of cultural competence and self-efficacy in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The level of empathy increased slightly in the experimental group while it decreased in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that multicultural education is effective in raising the level of cultural competence and self-efficacy in nursing students. Thus, there is a need for continuous effort to integrate multicultural education programs in the nursing curriculum. Repeated study to test effects of these multicultural education programs should be also necessary.

초등학생 대상 구강건강교육 프로그램 적용 및 효과

픽은희 ( Eun Hee Peek ) 한국치위생과학회 2011 치위생과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program to promote oral health habits and to analyze it`s effects among elementary students. The study was a one group, pre-test, post-test design, which included 158 3rd grade students from three elementary schools in Seoul. The effects were measured after each group had received a 40 minute program each week for three weeks. The program consisted of a lecture, 1:1 tooth brushing demonstration and practice, and viewing the oral health DVD. The students were given a questionnaire with 26 questions at the beginning and at the end of the study (6 questions about their toothbrushing habits, 5 oral health related habit questions, and 15 oral health related knowledge questions). All students received an oral-health practice pamphlet at the beginning of the program. The students who participated in the program had higher levels of oral health knowledge (t=27.23, p<.001), better toothbrushing habits (t=13.72, p<.001), and oral related habits (X²=34.22, p<.001) after receiving the structured oral health educational program.

주세포(chief cell)의 교차분화(transdifferentiation)와 염증 반응을 통한 위 화생(metaplasia) 발현

이혁준,남기택,Richard M. Peek,Stephen F. Konieczny,James R. Goldenring 대한외과학회 2009 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2009 No.11

Improvement of the T-history Method to Measure Heat of Fusion for Phase Change Materials

Hong, Hi-Ki,Park, Chang-Hyun,Choi, Ju-Hwan,Peek, Jong-Hyeon The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2003 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.11 No.1

Though conventional calorimetry methods such as differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis are used generally in measuring heat of fusion, T-history method has advantages of a simple experimental apparatus and no requirements of sampling process, which is particularly useful for measuring thermophyical properties of in-homogeneous phase change materials in sealed tubes. However, the degree of supercooling used in selecting a range of latent heat release and neglecting sensible heat during the phase change process can cause significant errors in determining the heat of fusion. In the present study, it was shown that a 40% discrepancy exists between the original T-history and the present methods when analyzing the same experimental data. As a result, a reasonable modification to the original T-history method is proposed.

Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis in an Area with High Disease Prevalence

Michael F. G. Held,Sven Hoppe,Maritz Laubscher,Stewart Mears,Stewart Dix-Peek,Heather J. Zar,Robert N. Dunn 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of age and site of infection in patients with musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) and determine the number of TB/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfections as well as the incidence of multidrugresistant (MDR) TB. Overview of Literature: Of all TB cases, 1%–3% show skeletal system involvement and 30% are HIV coinfected. Although the reported distribution of skeletal TB is majorly in the spine, followed by the hip, knee, and foot/ankle, the epidemiology of extrapulmonary TB and especially musculoskeletal TB remains largely unknown, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of the disease. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a consecutive series of patients admitted to a tertiary care facility in an area with the highest prevalence of TB worldwide. TB was confirmed on tissue biopsy with polymerase chain reaction testing (Xpert for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance), culturing, or histological analysis. Data were analyzed regarding demographic information, location of the disease, HIV coinfections, and drug resistance. Results: In all, 125 patients (44 children; 35%) with a mean age of 27 years (range, 1–78 years) were included. Age peaks were observed at 5, 25, and 65 years. Spinal disease was evident in 98 patients (78%). There were 66 HIV-negative (53%) and 29 (23%) HIVpositive patients, and in 30 (24%), the HIV status was unknown. Five patients (4%) showed MDR TB. Conclusions: The age distribution was trimodal, spinal disease was predominant, MDR TB rate in our cohort was high, and a large portion of TB patients in our hospital were HIV coinfected. Hence, spinal services with sufficient access to operating facilities are required for tertiary care facilities in areas with a high TB prevalence.

Upper Endoscopy up to 3 Years Prior to a Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer Is Associated With Lower Stage of Disease in a USA Multiethnic Urban Population, a Retrospective Study

Shah, Shailja C.,Nakata, Chiaki,Polydorides, Alexandros D.,Peek, Richard M. Jr,Itzkowitz, Steven H. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2019 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.52 No.3

Objectives: In the USA, certain races and ethnicities have a disproportionately higher gastric cancer burden. Selective screening might allow for earlier detection and curative resection. Among a USA-based multiracial and ethnic cohort diagnosed with non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), we aimed to identify factors associated with curable stage disease at diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively identified endoscopically diagnosed and histologically confirmed cases of NCGC at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histologic factors, as well as grade/stage of NCGC at diagnosis were documented. The primary outcome was the frequency of curable-stage NCGC (stage 0-1a) at diagnosis in patients with versus without an endoscopy negative for malignancy prior to their index exam diagnosing NCGC. Additional factors associated with curable-stage disease at diagnosis were determined. Results: A total of 103 racially and ethnically diverse patients were included. Nearly 38% of NCGC were stage 0-Ia, 34% stage Ib-III, and 20.3% stage IV at diagnosis. A significantly higher frequency of NCGC was diagnosed in curable stages among patients who had undergone an endoscopy that was negative for malignancy prior to their index endoscopy that diagnosed NCGC, compared to patients without a negative endoscopy prior to their index exam (69.6% vs. 28.6%, p=0.003). A prior negative endoscopy was associated with 94.0% higher likelihood of diagnosing curable-stage NCGC (p=0.003). No other factors analyzed were associated with curablestage NCGC at diagnosis. Conclusions: Endoscopic screening and surveillance in select high-risk populations might increase diagnoses of curable-stage NCGC. These findings warrant confirmation in larger, prospective studies.

Upper Endoscopy up to 3 Years Prior to a Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer Is Associated With Lower Stage of Disease in a USA Multiethnic Urban Population, a Retrospective Study

Shailja C. Shah,Chiaki Nakata,Alexandros D. Polydorides,Richard M. Peek Jr,Steven H. Itzkowitz 대한예방의학회 2019 예방의학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Objectives: In the USA, certain races and ethnicities have a disproportionately higher gastric cancer burden. Selective screening might allow for earlier detection and curative resection. Among a USA-based multiracial and ethnic cohort diagnosed with non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), we aimed to identify factors associated with curable stage disease at diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively identified endoscopically diagnosed and histologically confirmed cases of NCGC at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histologic factors, as well as grade/stage of NCGC at diagnosis were documented. The primary outcome was the frequency of curable-stage NCGC (stage 0-1a) at diagnosis in patients with versus without an endoscopy negative for malignancy prior to their index exam diagnosing NCGC. Additional factors associated with curable-stage disease at diagnosis were determined. Results: A total of 103 racially and ethnically diverse patients were included. Nearly 38% of NCGC were stage 0-Ia, 34% stage Ib-III, and 20.3% stage IV at diagnosis. A significantly higher frequency of NCGC was diagnosed in curable stages among patients who had undergone an endoscopy that was negative for malignancy prior to their index endoscopy that diagnosed NCGC, compared to patients without a negative endoscopy prior to their index exam (69.6% vs. 28.6%, p=0.003). A prior negative endoscopy was associated with 94.0% higher likelihood of diagnosing curable-stage NCGC (p=0.003). No other factors analyzed were associated with curable-stage NCGC at diagnosis. Conclusions: Endoscopic screening and surveillance in select high-risk populations might increase diagnoses of curable-stage NCGC. These findings warrant confirmation in larger, prospective studies.

Automatic Searching Algorithm for Galactic HI at Forbidden Velocities in the Inner-Galaxy ALFA Low-Latitude HI (I-GALFA) Survey

Kang Ji-hyun,Bon-Chul Koo,Gibson, S. J.,Douglas K. A.,Geumsook Park.,Peek J. E. G.,Korpela E. J.,Heiles C. E. 한국천문학회 2011 天文學會報 Vol.36 No.1

H I SHELLS AND SUPERSHELLS IN THE I-GALFA H I 21 cm LINE SURVEY. I. FAST-EXPANDING H I SHELLS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPERNOVA REMNANTS

Park, G.,Koo, B.-C.,Gibson, S. J.,Kang, J.-h.,Lane, D. C.,Douglas, K. A.,Peek, J. E. G.,Korpela, E. J.,Heiles, C.,Newton, J. H. IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.777 No.1

<P>We search for fast-expanding Hi shells associated with Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the longitude range l approximate to 32 degrees to 77 degrees using 21 cm line data from the Inner-Galaxy Arecibo L-band Feed Array (I-GALFA) Hi survey. Among the 39 known Galactic SNRs in this region, we find such Hi shells in 4 SNRs: W44, G54.4-0.3, W51C, and CTB 80. All four were previously identified in low-resolution surveys, and three of those (excluding G54.4-0.3) were previously studied with the Arecibo telescope. A remarkable new result, however, is the detection of Hi emission at both very high positive and negative velocities in W44 from the receding and approaching parts of the Hi expanding shell, respectively. This is the first detection of both sides of an expanding shell associated with an SNR in H I 21 cm emission. The high-resolution I-GALFA survey data also reveal a prominent expanding Hi shell with high circular symmetry associated with G54.4-0.3. We explore the physical characteristics of four SNRs and discuss what differentiates them from other SNRs in the survey area. We conclude that these four SNRs are likely the remnants of core-collapse supernovae interacting with a relatively dense (greater than or similar to 1 cm(-3)) ambient medium, and we discuss the visibility of SNRs in the H I 21 cm line.</P>