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Kideco 석탄의 스팀 가스화 반응에서 K2CO3 촉매의 비활성화 거동
Paul Victor,김수현,유지호,이시훈,임영준,임정환,김상도,전동혁,최호경,이영우 한국수소및신에너지학회 2016 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.27 No.5
The present work investigates the effect of K2CO3 catalyst on steam gasification of Kideco coal andthe deactivation of the catalyst due to thermal exposure and interaction with coal ash. The gasification reactivityat 700°C is highly enhanced by K2CO3, which is not deactivated by the heat treatment at T ≤ 800°C. TGA andXRD results prove minor decomposition of K2CO3 after the calcination at 800°C. K2CO3 is, however, evaporatedat the higher temperature. Assuming the conversion of K2CO3 into K2O by the decomposition and into K2O·2.5SiO2and KAlO2 by the interaction with coal ash, the reactivity of the gasification is evaluated in the presence of K2O,K2O・2.5SiO2 and KAlO2. Among them, K2O is the most active, but much lower in the activity than K2CO3. XRDresults show that K2CO3 could react readily with the ash above 700°C
( Paul Kwo ),( Stefan Zeuzem ),( Steven L. Flamm ),( Myron Tong ),( John M Vierling ),( Stephen Pianko ),( Peter Buggisch ),( Victor de Lédinghen ),( Robert H. Hyland ),( Xiaoru Wu ),( Evguenia S. Sva 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: DAAs provide safe and highly efficacious therapies for HCV infection. However, the small proportion of patients who do not achieve a sustained virologic response with DAA-based regimens represent a population with an unmet medical need. Sofosbuvir(SOF) and velpatasvir(VEL) are pangenotypic inhibitors of the HCV NS5B and NS5A proteins, respectively, and voxilaprevir(VOX) is a pangenotypic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor. This study evaluates treatment with a SOF/VEL/VOX for 12weeks and a SOF/VEL for 12weeks as salvage regimens in DAA-experienced patients who had not previously received an NS5A inhibitor. Methods: Patients with genotypes 1-3 were randomized 1:1 to receive open-label SOF/VEL/VOX or SOF/VEL for 12weeks, stratified according to genotype and cirrhosis status. Patients of all other genotypes were assigned to receive SOF/VEL/VOX for 12weeks. DAA-experienced patients who previously were treated with an NS5A inhibitor or with only an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with ribavirin and Peg-IFN were excluded. The primary endpoint evaluates the superiority of the SVR12 of each treatment to a prespecified goal of 85%. Results: Of the 333 patients who were randomized and treated, 77% were male, 19% had the IL28B CC genotype, 46% had compensated cirrhosis and 43% had genotype 1 infection. Most patients had prior DAA experience with either an NS5B inhibitor alone(73%) or an N5SB inhibitor and an NS3/4A protease inhibitor(25%); the most common prior treatment regimens were SOF with ribavirin ±Peg-IFN and SOF combined with simeprevir. Treatment was well tolerated.No SAE was assessed to be attributable to study drug. Overall, SVR12 was achieved in 97%(177/182) of patients treated with SOF/VEL/VOX and 90%(136/151) patients treated with SOF/VEL. SOF/VEL/VOX met the prespecified 85% SVR12 performance goal(p<0.001); SOF/VEL did not. Conclusions: SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks provides a safe, well tolerated and effective retreatment options for patients who did not previously achieve SVR following treatment with non-NS5A inhibitor-containing DAA regimens.
인도네시아 저등급 석탄의 스팀 가스화 반응성 비교 평가
김수현,Paul Victor,유지호,이시훈,임영준,임정환,김상도,전동혁,최호경 한국수소및신에너지학회 2016 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.27 No.6
Steam gasification of low rank coals is possible at relatively low temperature and low pressure, andthus shows higher efficiency compared to high rank coals. In this study, the gasification reactivity of four differentIndonesian low rank coals (Samhwa, Eco, Roto, Kideco-L) was evaluated in T = 700 - 800°C. The low rank coalscontaining 53.8 ± 3.4 wt% volatile matter in proximate analysis and 71.6 ± 1.2 wt% carbon in ultimate analysisshowed comparable gasification reactivity. In addition, K2CO3 catalyst rapidly accelerated the reaction rate at 700°C,and all of the coals were converted over 90% within 1 hour. The XRD analysis showed no significant differencein carbonization between the coals, and the FT-IR spectrum showed similar functional groups except for differencesdue to moisture and minerals. TGA results in pyrolysis (N2) and CO2 gasification atmosphere showed very similarbehavior up to 800°C regardless of the coal species, which is consistent with the steam gasification results. Thisconfirms that the indirect evaluation of the reactivity can be made by the above instrumental analyses.
Panya Luksanapruksa,Paul William Millhouse,Victor Carlson,Thanase Ariyawatkul,Joshua Heller,Christopher Keppel Kepler 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.3
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To evaluate surgical outcomes and complications of cervical spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis (CAS) patients who were treated using either the posterior (P) or combined approach (C). Overview of Literature: Ankylosing spondylitis typically causes progressive spinal stiffness that makes patients susceptible to spinal fractures. CAS is a highly unstable condition. There is contradictory evidence regarding which treatment option, the posterior or the combined approach, yields superior clinical results. Methods: A single institution database was reviewed for data in the period 1999 to 2015. All CAS patients who underwent posterior or combined instrumented fusion were enrolled. We analyzed demographic data, radiographic results, perioperative complications, and postoperative results. Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled (23 in the P group, 10 in the C group). All patients presented with neck pain after a fall. In the P group, mean operative time was 161.1 minutes (100–327 minutes), and mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 306.4 mL (50–750 mL). In the C group, 90% of patients underwent a staged procedure, typically with posterior surgery first. Mean EBL was 124 mL (25–337 mL). For posterior surgery, mean EBL was 458.3 mL (400–550 mL). EBL of posterior surgery in the C group was higher but this difference was not significant (p=0.16). Postoperative complication rate was higher in the C group but this difference was not significant (50% vs. 17.4%, p=0.09). In the follow-up period, no late reoperations were performed. Patients who underwent C surgery had a higher rate of neurological improvement but this difference was not significant (p=0.57). Conclusions: Both P and C provided good clinical results. P surgery had lower EBL, lower postoperative complication rate, and shorter length of stay than C surgery; none of these differences were statistically significant.
Zhang, Huina,Wang, Lin,Park, Jun Beom,Park, Paul,Yang, Victor C,Hollister, Scott J,La Marca, Frank,Lin, Chia-Ying BioMed Central 2009 Arthritis research & therapy Vol.11 No.6
<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Earlier work indicates that the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin, is anabolic to chondrogenic expression of rat intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, which suggests a potential role for simvastatin in IVD regeneration. In this study, we expand on our earlier work to test the effectiveness of simvastatin on disc degeneration utilizing a rat tail disc degeneration model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>30 rats that underwent 21 G needle-puncture at rat tail discs were injected with simvastatin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA-PEG) gel (5 mg/ml) or vehicle control at 4 weeks after needle injury. All animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after simvastatin injection. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), aggrecan, collagen type II, and collagen type I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the rat nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <I>In vivo </I>magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to monitor changes in disc degeneration. Rat discs were also assessed by histology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O staining. In addition, the NP weight, glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and DNA content were also measured.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A single dose of simvastatin loaded in thermo-sensitive PEG-PLGA-PEG gel injected into the NP had the trend to increase aggrecan expression and sGAG content, and significantly increased mRNA levels of BMP-2, collagen type II, and the differentiation index (the ratio of collagen type II to collagen type I). The decreased NP weight, T2 intensity, as well as MRI index in the rat tail discs induced by needle puncture were significantly reversed after 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment. In addition, simvastatin treatment also improved histological changes induced by needle puncture.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>A single injection of simvastatin loaded in PEG-PLGA-PEG gel into rat tail discs had the potential to retard or regenerate the degenerative disc.</P>