Characterization of MHC DRB3.2 Alleles of Crossbred Cattle by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Paswan, Chandan,Bhushan, Bharat,Patra, B.N.,Kumar, Pushpendra,Sharma, Arjava,Dandapat, S.,Tomar, A.K.S.,Dutt, Triveni Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.9

The present investigation was undertaken to study the genetic polymorphism of the DRB3 exon 2 in 75 crossbred cattle by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Five genotypes i.e. HaeIII-a, HaeIII-b, HaeIII-e, HaeIII-ab and HaeIII-ae were observed when the 284 bp PCR products were digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. The corresponding frequencies of these patterns were 0.53, 0.04, 0.01, 0.38 and 0.04, respectively. Digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme resolved 24 different restriction patterns. The frequencies of these patterns ranged from 0.013 (RsaI-f, RsaI-k and RsaI-c/n) to 0.120 (RsaI-n). The results revealed that the crossbred cows belonged to the RsaI patterns namely b, k, l, a/l, d/s, l/n, l/o and m/n, whose corresponding frequencies were 0.027, 0.013, 0.040, 0.027, 0.040, 0.067, 0.027 and 0.067, respectively. Digestion of the 284 bp PCR product of DRB3.2 gene with PstI in the crossbred cattle did not reveal any restriction site. These results suggested the absence of the recognition site in some of the animals. These results also revealed that the crossbred cows studied were in homozygous as well as heterozygous condition. On the basis of the above results it can be concluded that the DRB3.2 gene was found to be highly polymorphic in the crossbred cattle population.

The Indian Magical Herb 'Sanjeevni' (Selaginella bryopteris L.) - A Promising Anti-inflammatory Phytomedicine for the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Paswan, Shravan Kumar,Gautam, Arti,Verma, Pritt,Rao, Chandana Venkateswara,Sidhu, Om Prakash,Singh, Ajeet Pratap,Srivastava, Sajal KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: Selaginella bryopteris L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) of Selaginella bryopteris. Methods: An acute oral toxicity study of Selaginella bryopteris at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)- induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Indomethacine ($0.5mg/20{\mu}L$) was used for the positive control. Results: Selaginella bryopteris produced no mortalities when administered orally at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg bw. Topical treatment with the non-polar methanolic fraction ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) significantly suppressed redness ($2.4{\pm}0.5$) and edema ($30.4{\pm}1$) and effectively reduced the LPO level ($32.3{\pm}3.3$). The NO level was ($8.07{\pm}0.55$), and the $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 levels were decreased to $69.6{\pm}15.5$, $7.7{\pm}4.8$ and $82.6{\pm}5.9$, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of medicinal plants like Selaginella bryopteris and quantified the pharmacological interactions between them. The present study showed this herbal product to be a promising anti-inflammatory phytomedicine for the treatment of patients with inflammatory skin diseases.

The Indian Magical Herb ‘Sanjeevni’ (Selaginella bryopteris L.) - A Promising Anti-inflammatory Phytomedicine for the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Shravan Kumar Paswan,Arti Gautam,Pritt Verma,Chandana Venkateswara Rao,Om Prakash Sidhu,Ajeet Pratap Singh,Sajal Srivastava 대한약침학회 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: Selaginella bryopteris L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions (10 mg/20 μL) of Selaginella bryopteris. Methods: An acute oral toxicity study of Selaginella bryopteris at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts (10 mg/20 μL) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)- induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear’s weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Indomethacine (0.5 mg/20 μL) was used for the positive control. Results: Selaginella bryopteris produced no mortalities when administered orally at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg bw. Topical treatment with the non-polar methanolic fraction (10 mg/20 μL) significantly suppressed redness (2.4 ± 0.5) and edema (30.4 ± 1) and effectively reduced the LPO level (32.3 ± 3.3). The NO level was (8.07 ± 0.55), and the TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were decreased to 69.6 ± 15.5, 7.7 ± 4.8 and 82.6 ± 5.9, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of medicinal plants like Selaginella bryopteris and quantified the pharmacological interactions between them. The present study showed this herbal product to be a promising anti-inflammatory phytomedicine for the treatment of patients with inflammatory skin diseases.

A CAUSAL INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONAL NORMS AND CHANNEL MEMBER SUPPORT ACTIVITIES IN THE INDIAN MARKET

Audhesh K Paswan,Joyce A Young,Robert D Green People&Global Business Association 2000 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.5 No.1

Using three of Macneil's relational norms within the context of Indian buyer-seller relationships, this study empirically examines the effect of relational norms on channel member support activities undertaken by manufacturers. The results of path analyses suggest that solidarity, the preservation of a trusting, ongoing relationship, may be an important determinant of marketing-related support activities provided to channel members. On the other hand, role integrity, which captures the complexity aspect of relational norms, and mutuality, which is the preclusion of regular monitoring, have insignificant effects on channel member support activities.

Appraisal of some ethnic milk products from minor milch animal species around the world: a review

Kanetkar Prajasattak,Paswan Vinod Kumar,Rose Hency,Shehata Abdelrazeq M.,Felix Jude,Bunkar Durga Shankar,Rathaur Aman,Yamini S.,Bhinchhar Basant Kumar 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.40

Cattle and buffalo are the main species producing milk for human consumption. Minor milch species such as goat, sheep, camel, horse, yak, donkey, and reindeer make up a less significant portion of the total milk supply in the dairy sector as their production share is relatively small. However, in recent years, people have started to recognize the numerous health and nutritional benefits of milk from these minor milch species. There is a rich diversity of traditional dairy products in the world, among which the ethnic products made from the milk of minor dairy species have a solicitous place in their region of origin. The ingredients and composition of these products and the preparation methods impart their characteristic taste and flavour along with their typical nutritional and functional health benefits. Anti-microbial, probiotic, antioxidant, nutraceutical, and other health-promoting qualities are the few benefits of these products. However, lack of research and developmental activities, promotions and advertisements of ethnic milk products of minor milch species have led to their limited awareness among the consumers. In view of the above, the present review attempts to discuss some of the important ethnic milk products around the world from the milk of minor milch species.

Exploring trade prospects of Chhurpi and the present status of Chhurpi producers and exporters of Nepal

Panta Rajendra,Paswan Vinod Kumar,Kanetkar Prajasattak,Bunkar Durga Shankar,Rose Hency,Bakshi Shiva 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.1

Chhurpi is the hardest cheese known in the world that is typically made in the mountain region of Nepal by coagulating milk with the help of coagulating agents and thereby partly draining the whey from the milk of Yaks, Chauris, Cows, and Buffaloes. Especially hard Chhurpi of Nepal is gaining popularity abroad as a dog food. However, the crosscutting issues of Chhurpi production and trade have remained largely unexplored. Therefore, to increase our understanding and add some information on the Chhurpi enterprise in Nepal, the present study was undertaken to investigate the current status of producers and exporters of Chhurpi and the crosscutting issues of the Chhurpi trade. The study was conducted during the month of July/August (2021) by preparing a different set of questionnaires for exporters and producers, for which five municipalities of Ilam were purposively selected for producers, while Kathmandu was selected for exporters as a study area. The study was performed during COVID-19 pandemic, so a survey was done via telephonic and electronic means at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. After analysis of obtained data, results revealed that exporting companies are making annual average growth of 10–11% from the last five fiscal years resulting in an increment of export. With an increase in annual sales, exporters are earning 10–15% profit of sales which is surging each year. The percentage of annual export decreased recently in the fiscal year 2020/21 due to COVID-19 as demand was low so production was made lower. The study area was dominated by educated, middle-aged respondents who mostly were males. Brahmin and Chhetri were major ethnic groups among producers most of whom are involved in cooperatives. Most of the producers were earning up to NPR 5 lakhs (USD 3817) annually only from Chhurpi. Price variation among wholesalers and retailers was prevalent in the production area. Most producers have reared cattle and their major problem includes feed shortage, disease in animal and breed improvement. Production areas should be made Foot and Mouth Disease free zone by the government through specific laws to further increase export to new countries.

Online versus Offline B2C Shopping - A Multinational Comparison

Gopala Ganesh,Dongdae Lee,Audhesh K. Paswan,MJ Xavier 한국소비문화학회 2006 소비문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

  본 연구는 상이한 경제적, 사회적, 문화적 배경을 가진 한국, 미국, 인도 3개국 소비자들이 온라인과 오프라인 쇼핑 두 가지 방식 중에서 어느 한 가지를 선택할 경우 이들 3개국 소비자 집단들 사이에 쇼핑 동기 측면에서 차이가 존재하는지 여부와 만약 차이가 존재한다면 그 구체적 내용은 무엇인가를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구 결과에 의하면 3개국 소비자들의 온라인 쇼핑 방식과 오프라인 쇼핑 방식에 대한 선택 동기는 예상대로 상이한 것으로 나타났으며, 구체적으로는 상품 구색, 보장성, 괴로움, 즐거움, 실용성, 반응성 등의 여섯 가지 측면에서 이들 3개국 소비자들이 생각하는 중요성과 쇼핑 방식 선택에 미치는 영향들이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 내용과 더불어 실무적 의미도 함께 논하고 있다..   Purpose   This study explores whether consumers from USA, India, and Korea are motivated by similar sets of motivational factors in choosing between online versus offline or traditional stores.   Methodology   In the USA, it was a single mail out survey. In India, it was personal interviews of households randomly selected from a consumer panel. For Korea, the original USA B2C survey form was translated into Korean and then handed out by students to either a parent or an adult consumer.   Findings   Results suggest that the three groups are indeed different in terms of shopping motivations, influencing their preference for shopping mode ? online versus offline.   Limitations   One limitation is sampling frame and sampling procedure. Another is the possibility that we may have missed some shopping motivation dimensions unique to each country and sub-culture.   Practical Implications   Data on motivational differences among consumers in different countries should help online and offline retail managers be more effective in planning and implementing retailing mix strategies, thus enhancing consumer satisfaction. The results also hold important implications in the areas of segmentation and targeting, by not trying to sell everything to everyone in the same manner.   Originality/Value   Three country study. Middle class consumer data from one developed (USA), one advanced developing (Korea) and one developing but huge consumer market (India)

Numerical analysis with experimental validation for thermal performance of flat plate solar water heater using CuO/ distilled water nanofluid in closed loop

Helal Ahmad Farhan,Sukanta Nayak,Sanjay,Manikant Paswan 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.5

The thermal performance of a solar flat plate collector incorporating CuO nanofluid as a working medium was examined in the present study. The solar collector with two riser tubes was studied experimentally and the results compared with the numerical outcomes predicted using commercially available Ansys 19.0 software. The solar water heater was examined for water and CuO nanofluid with 0.2 wt% and 0.4 wt% for two different volume flow rates of 0.5 and 1 lit/min. The present study claims that the instantaneous thermal efficiency for 0.2 wt% and 0.4 wt% increased by 12.01 % and 7.56 %, respectively, compared to water as a working medium. The effect of CuO/distilled water nanofluid on the collector's efficiency was also numerically studied using a two-phase CFD model. It is observed that the CFD and experimental results show good agreement with each other, with a maximum error of 5.84 % and 4.29 % for the nanofluid and water as working fluids, respectively.

Variance component analysis of growth and production traits in Vanaraja male line chickens using animal model

Ullengala Rajkumar,Prince L. Leslie Leo,Paswan Chandan,Haunshi Santosh,Chatterjee Rudranath 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement. Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken.Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations.Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line.Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.