Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

능력중심 교육과정으로서의 공업고등학교 교육과정

김판욱 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

The objective of this study was to suggest some stategies which might solve the present curriculum issues at the technical high school. The discriptive study was carried by literature review mainly. As a result of the study, some findings and recommendations were suggested as follows ; 1. The type of technical high school curriculum should be changed from subjectes centered curriculum to competency based one. 2. The approaching method of curriculum development should be job analysis method such as DACUM, which is done by fully experienced worker. 3. The course objectives should be described more specifically. 4. The content of learning materials should be selected on the basis of target population's entry behavior.

VES-LMC의 열 특성을 고려한 자기수축

최판길,이봉학 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

Durability of concrete structures is seriously compromised by cracking at early-age concrete, particularly in high-strength or high-performance concrete structures. Since early-age cracking is influenced by various factors that affect the hydration process, early-age shrinkage and stress/strain development, the behavior at early-age is highly complex and no rational methodologies for its control have yet been established. Concrete structures often present volumetrical changes particularly due to thermal and moisture related shrinkages. Volumetric instability is detrimental to the performance and durability of concrete structures because structural elements are usually restrained. These restrained shrinkages develop tensile stresses which often results in cracking in combination with the low fracture resistance of concrete. Early-age defects in high-performance concrete due to thermal and autogenous deformation shorten the life cycle of concrete structures. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior of early-age concrete at the stages of design and construction. The purpose of this study was to propose a shrinkage models of VES-LMC (very-early strength latex-modified concrete) at early-age considering thermal deformation and autogenous shrinkage.

수학 학습 부진아의 인식 및 학습 실태 연구

김판수,조지영 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2004 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 수학교과의 학습에 방해가 되고 있는 요인을 조사·분석함으로써 학생들의 수학 교과에 대한 부적응 상황을 진단하여 학생들의 수학 부진을 줄이고 나아가 교수-학습 개선에 도움을 주고자 하는데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5학년을 대상으로 우선 수학 학습 부진 학생들의 인식을 조사, 분석하였다. 또한 수학 학습 부진아를 지도할 때 학생들이 어려워하는 학습 내용을 사전에 파악하는 것이 학습부진을 줄일 수 있는 중요한 수단으로 보고 4학년 수학 단원 평가를 실시하여 이들이 어떤 내용을 잘 이해하지 못하는지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 수학 학습 부진 학생들은 수학 교과에 대해 부정적으로 생각하고 있었으며, 이들이 어려워하는 수학 내용은 다단계 사고를 요하는 개념, 논리적 연역적으로 추론을 요하는 개념, 문제해결이었다. 그 중에서도 특히 사고를 요하는 문제해결을 어려워하는 것으로 나타났다. This study sets out to investigate underachieved fifth graders in mathematics in terms of the understanding and learning state of mathematics and to help mathematics underachievers by providing make-up class. Thus we need to investigate the following: 1. An understanding of mathematics for underachieved students. 2. A research of the learning contents that the students have difficulties to deal with. For this study we first select 20 underachieved students(12 boys and 8 girls) in mathematics attending an elementary school located in Busan and then a questionnaire is distributed to see their understanding of mathematics. In addition, their performances are evaluated by using a checklist. The questionnaire contains total 30 items and each frequency and percentage are analyzed. The checklist contains 10 items of the contents of 4-Ga and 4-Na respectively. textbooks, The frequency and percentage are also analyzed. We have the following conclusion on mathematics underachievers. First, since they have a negative opinion of the subject, we need to increase the chances of their successful experiences so that they have their confidence and positive attitudes. Second, we should try to teach basic learning contents at the beginning of each unit thoroughly and focus on advanced learning contents gradually by intensifying and reinforcing the contents. Third, it is more desirable to give them suitable assignments they can handle rather than to force to teach advanced contents. An evaluation should be given every time after finishing a unit, and the results should be informed to students. And make-up class should be given if necessary.

하부요관결석의 체외충격파쇄석술에 대한 임상경험

선판일,이길호,심대성,성영훈,장대수 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.2

During the last 33 months period between June, 1989 and March, 1992 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed 275 patients with lower ureteral stone by Northgate SD-3 Litho-triptor. Stone localization was done by ultrasonography and diazepam & fentanyl citrate was used intravenously to control pain during procedure in all patients. The success rate of treatment (rate free of calculi plus that of clinically insignificant residual fragment) was 98.1% below lO㎜ in stone size, 95.7% in ll-20㎜, 87.5% in 21-30㎜, 50% over 31㎜ and total mean success rate was 96.7%. Among the ESWL-failed 9 cases, ureterolithotomy was done in 5 cases, ureterorenoscopy in 2 cases and ston basket in 2 cases. Complications after ESWL were transient hematuria 100%, flank pain 7.3% and fever 1.8% and treated conservatively. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy with the Northgate SD-3 lithotriptor was considered to be effective and safe procedure for the initial treatment of lower ureteral stone.

가상교육의 문제점과 개선방안

한판암,하경재 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.1

현재의 가상교육이 가지고 있는 문제점을 파악하고 개선방안을 제시하기 위한 연구이다. 이 같은 목적 달성을 위하여 연구한 내용은 다음과 같다. 우선 가상교육의 실상을 파악하기 위하여 K대학에서 2002학년도 제2학기 가상교육에 참여했던 학습자를 대상으로 실시한 설문조사 결과를 분석했다. 이 분석 결과를 본 논문의 제3장에서 제시한 7가지 기준에 따라서 분류하여 문제점을 정리했다. 이렇게 도출된 문제점들은 가상교육에 중요한 역할을 하는 학습자, 교수자, 전달방법으로 구분하여 가상교육의 개선방안을 제시했다. 가상교육의 활성화를 위해서는 많은 문제점들에 대하여 개선이 필요한 형편이다. 그러므로 앞으로 가상교육의 발전을 위하여 제안된 개선 방안들은 반드시 해결해야할 과제들이다. In this paper, we analyze the existing problems on the cyber education and suggest a scheme to solve them and to improve its educational effects. In order to analyze the problems, we carried out surveys about educational effects for leaners participated in cyber classes of the 2nd semester, 2002 at the K university. The analyzed results of the surveys are arranged and classified in accordance with seven criteria proposed in section 3 of this paper. The arranged and classified results are used to suggest a scheme of improvement in educational effects of cyber classes in terms of learners, trainers and communication strategies which are key factors on the cyber education. Although it leaves much room for improvement in cyber education, our study is expected to contribute to stimulate the cyber education.