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Torsion of circular open cross-section with corrugated inner and outer surface
Yaşar Pala,Abdullah Pala 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.73 No.1
In this study, the problem of torsion of bars with open cross section surrounded by corrugated boundaries is analyzed. An approximate analytical solution is given using perturbation technique. First, the stress analysis for circular open cross-section for arbitrary opening angle is formulated and the problem is analytically solved. Second, the open cross-section with corrugated cross section is analyzed using perturbation method. First order contributions to the stresses and the torques have been added. The results have been exemplified and compared by considering special examples.
생화학적 및 조직병리학적 생체지표를 이용한 하수처리장 방류수의 담수 붕어 (Carassius auratus) 영향 평가
( Palas Samanta ),임형준 ( Hyungjoon Im ),이황구 ( Hwanggoo Lee ),황순진 ( Soon-jin Hwang ),김원기 ( Wonky Kim ),( Apurba Ratan Ghosh ),정진호 ( Jinho Jung ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.5
The aim of this study is to assess the influence of effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant by evaluating oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus collected from the Eungcheon stream, located in Korea. Catalase activity in the gills, liver, and kidneys of C. auratus was collected from mixing zones; the downstream site was notably higher of fish than that of the upstream site. In addition, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the gills and liver was significantly higher in samples from the mixing zone than in those from the upstream site (p < 0.05). In addition, significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels were observed in fish livers sampled from the mixing zone than in those from the upstream site (p < 0.05). Significant histopathological alternations were also observed in C. auratus, with the order of magnitude changes being liver > kidney > gills. These findings suggest that the liver is most affected by effluent discharge. The degree of tissue changes (DTC) indicate that the highest level occurred in samples from the mixing zone (30.98 土 5.40) followed by those from the downstream site (19.28 土 4.31) and was the lowest in samples from the upstream site (4.83 土 2.67). These findings indicate that fish collected from the mixing zone are most affected by effluent discharge and both oxidative stress and histopathological indices are useful tools for monitoring contaminated rivers and streams.
( Ragip Pala ),( Fahrettin Beyaz ),( Mehmet Tuzcu ),( Besir Er ),( Nurhan Sahin ),( Vedat Cinar ),( Kazim Sahin ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.3
[Purpose] The aim of the study was to determine the effects of dietary CoQ10 on serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and HSP expression in the liver and slow-twitch muscles (soleus and gastronemius deep portion) of exercise-trained rats. [Methods] A total of 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: 1) Control, 2) Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), 3) Chronic Exercise (CE), 4) CE + CoQ10, 5) Acute Exercise (AE), and 6) AE + CoQ10. The rats were subjected to the running test 5 days a week for 6 weeks after which CoQ10 was administered via the diet. AE (running on the treadmill until the rats were exhausted) was done on the last day. [Results] The results showed no significant difference in serum glucose and liver functions in any of the groups. However, CoQ10 and exercise treatment were found to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Serum and muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be lower in the CE and CE + CoQ10 groups compared to the control group. The highest levels of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in liver and muscle were found in the AE group, and the lowest levels were found in CE + CoQ10 group. CoQ10 supplementation reduced HSP expression in both CE- and AE-trained rats (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The results showed that CoQ10 supplementation could reduce MDA levels, protect against oxidative damage, and regulate HSP expression in CE- and AE-trained rats. CE and CoQ10 were shown to reduce oxidative stress synergistically.
Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Yoo, Jisu,Lee, Hwanggoo,Kim, Nan-Young,Kim, Wonky,Hwang, Soon-Jin,Kim, Woo-Keun,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.344 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study evaluated the adverse effect of wastewater effluents on three fish species, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, <I>Zacco platypus</I>, and <I>Zacco koreanus</I>, collected in the Eungcheon, Mihocheon, and Busocheon streams, respectively. Fish gills, liver, and kidneys from the mixing zone (MZ) and sites upstream (US) and downstream (DS) of the MZ were analyzed for oxidative stress responses and histology. Catalase and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase activity was significantly higher at MZ and DS than from US (<I>p<</I> 0.05), indicating induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Additionally, degree of tissue changes (DTC) indicated highest histopathological alteration in MZ, followed by DS and US. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) for oxidative stress and histopathological alterations showed higher values consistently for <I>Z. koreanus</I> than other two species. Water temperature, EC, and TN levels seemed to be responsible for the observed biomarker responses. These findings indicate that thermal hot spring effluent discharged into Busocheon steam induced the most significant impact on the cool water species (<I>Z. koreanus</I>). Overall, this study suggests that the IBR index is a very useful tool for monitoring <I>in situ</I> adverse effects of wastewater effluents on fish, particularly for histopathological alterations representing prolonged impact.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The IBR study identified the adverse effect of effluent discharge on fish clearly. </LI> <LI> The cool water species was the most impacted by thermal hot spring effluent. </LI> <LI> Pathological alterations gave more consistent IBR index than oxidative stress. </LI> </UL> </P>
Samanta, Palas,Im, Hyungjoon,Na, Joorim,Jung, Jinho Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.233 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of wastewater effluents on freshwater crucian carp, <I>Carassius auratus</I>, inhabiting Sincheon stream using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) at the genotoxic (micronucleus [MN] test), oxidative stress (activity of catalase [CAT] and glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase [GST], and level of lipid peroxidation [LPO]), histopathological (degree of tissue changes [DTC]), and physiological (condition factor [CF] and liver somatic index [LSI]) levels. The CF and LSI were significantly (<I>p</I> < 0.05) enhanced in fish from downstream sites (DS1 and DS2) as compared to that of upstream (US) fish samples. Moreover, a significant increase in morphometric indices (DTC) was observed in <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites (<I>p</I> < 0.05) and histopathological responses showed the degree of pathogenicity in the order of liver > kidney > gills. The activities of CAT, GST, and LPO in fish from the DS1 and DS2 sites were notably increased in gills, liver, and kidney compared to that of fish from the US site. Additionally, the MN test level in <I>C. auratus</I> from the DS1 and DS2 were significantly increased (<I>p</I> < 0.05) when compared with that of the US site. Considering the higher bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb in gills, liver, and kidney of <I>C. auratus</I> collected from downstream sites compared to that of the upstream site (<I>p</I> < 0.05), the observed toxicity was likely attributable to metal accumulation. The multi-level IBR index was higher at the DS1 site (15.08) than at the DS2 (1.02) and the reference US (0.00) sites. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that wastewater effluent discharge induces significant DNA damage, oxidative stress, and tissue injuries in <I>C. auratus</I> and suggested that the multi-level IBR approach should be used to quantify these effects on fish in streams and rivers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effluent discharge induced various biomarker responses in freshwater crucian carp. </LI> <LI> The biomarker response had higher values at downstream sites than at upstream site. </LI> <LI> Multi-level IBR index is a powerful tool to monitor aquatic pollution <I>in situ.</I> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Chanda, Palas Kumar,Ganguly, Tridib,Das, Malabika,Lee, Chia Yen,Luong, Thanh T.,Sau, Subrata Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.6
Previously it was reported that promoter of groES-groEL operon of Staphylococcus aureus is induced by various cellwall active antibiotics. In order to exploit the above promoter for identifying novel antistaphylococcal drugs, we have cloned the promoter containing region ($P_g$) of groES-groEL operon of S. aureus Newman and found that the above promoter is induced by sublethal concentrations of many antibiotics including cell-wall active antibiotics. A reporter S. aureus RN4220 strain (designated SAU006) was constructed by inserting the $P_g$-lacZ transcriptional fusion into its chromosome. Agarose-based assay developed with SAU006 shows that $P_g$ in single-copy is also induced distinctly by different classes of antibiotics. Data indicate that ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, ampicillin, and cephalothin are strong inducers, whereas, tetracycline, streptomycin and vancomycin induce the above promoter weakly. Sublethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin and ampicilin even have induced $P_g$ efficiently in microtiter plate grown SAU006. Additional studies show for the first time that above promoter is also induced weakly by arsenate salt and hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, we suggest that our simple and sensitive assay systems with SAU006 could be utilized for screening and detecting not only novel antistaphylococcal compounds but also different toxic chemicals.
Perception on Impact of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystem in Protected Area of West Bengal, India
Dey, Tanusri,Pala, Nazir A.,Shukla, Gopal,Pal, Prabhat K.,Chakravarty, Sumit Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.1
In the present exploration we identified perception of forest dependent communities in relation to impact of climate change on forest ecosystem in and around Chilapatta reserve forest in northern part of West Bengal, India. Purposive sampling method was used for selection of area and random sampling method was used for selection of respondent. The data collection in this study was through questionnaire based personal in-depth interviews. Almost all the respondents (94%) were farmers and rest had occupation other than farming. Almost all the respondents perceived negative impact of climate change on forest though the level of perception varies from very low to medium (0.23-0.52) based on average perception score after assigning score to individual statements. The level of perception on impact of climate change on forest ecology and forest flora of the community is low and very low as the average perception score is 0.39 and 0.23, respectively while, it is medium (0.52) for forest fauna. Alternately their perception on decreased stream/river flow and quick drying of seasonal streams or water bodies is based on their livelihood experience as they depend on these for their domestic and irrigation water use and fish catch for family diet.
( Rajkrishna Mondal ),( Palas K Chanda ),( Amitava Bandhu ),( Biswanath Jana ),( Chia Y Lee ),( Subrata Sau ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.7
Previously, various inhibitors of cell wall synthesis induced the drp35 gene of Staphylococcus aureus efficiently. To determine whether drp35 could be exploited in antistaphylococcal drug discovery, we cloned the promoter of drp35 (Pd) and developed different biological assay systems using an engineered S. aureus strain that harbors a chromosomally-integrated Pd - lacZ transcriptional fusion. An agarose-based assay showed that Pd is induced not only by the cell wall-affecting antibiotics but also by rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. In contrast, a liquid medium- based assay revealed the induction of Pd specifically by the cell wall-affecting antibiotics. Induction of Pd by sublethal concentrations of cell wall-affecting antibiotics was even assessable in a microtiter plate assay format, indicating that this assay system could be potentially used for high-throughput screening of new cell wall-inhibiting compounds. [BMB reports 2010; 43(7): 468-473]