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북한강 의암호의 수질 변동성에 대한 강우·수문학적 비교분석
황순진,심연보,최봉근,김건희,박채홍,서완범,박명환,이수웅,신재기,Hwang, Soon-Jin,Sim, Yeon Bo,Choi, Bong-Geun,Kim, Keonhee,Park, Chaehong,Seo, Wanbum,Park, Myung-Hwan,Lee, Su-Woong,Shin, Jae-Ki 한국하천호수학회 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.1
본 연구는 2012년 5월부터 2015년 12월까지 북한강 상류에 위치하는 의암호의 4개 지점에서 시공간적 수질 변동성을 강우 수문인자와 비교 고찰하였다. 조사기간 동안 수온, DO, Conductivity 및 TSS 등 기초 수질요인의 변동은 계절적 영향이 컸다. 특히, 수온성층은 수심이 깊은 댐 부근에서 매년 관찰되었고, 소멸 시기는 8월~10월 사이에 있었다. 질소 계열 영양염의 증가는 유량이 빈약할 때이었고, 인의 증가는 초기 유량 증가와 극심한 가뭄이 지속될 때이었다. Chl-a에 의한 부영양 수준을 초과하는 기간은 2012년, 2014년~2015년에 1~2개월이었으나 2013년에는 4개월 동안 지속되었다. 의암호의 수질 변동성은 댐 중앙부에 상하류로 이어진 하중도와 골재섬의 존재, 도시하천과 하수처리장 방류수 유입이라는 지형적 구조와 오염원의 기반 영향에 대하여, 상류 댐으로부터의 유입량과 의암댐의 방류량 및 방류형태(패턴)에 의한 수위 증감에서 직간접적 관련성과 영향을 찾을 수 있었다. 수질의 시공간적 변이 과정에서 기상(장마, 태풍, 이상강우 및 폭염 더위) 수문(유량과 수위)학적 작용에 기여하는 주요 인자는 펄스, 희석, 역류, 흡수 및 침전 등으로 볼 수 있었다. 의암호의 수질 변동은 매우 역동적이며, 그 영향은 내부 자체뿐만 아니라 발전방류구를 통해 하류 저수지(청평호, 팔당호)에까지 전달될 수 있는 잠재성을 가지고 있다. This study explored spatiotemporal variability of water quality in correspondence with hydro-meteorological factors in the four stations of Euiam Reservoir located in the upstream region of the North-Han River from May 2012 to December 2015. Seasonal effect was apparent in the variation of water temperature, DO, electric conductivity and TSS during the study period. Stratification in the water column was observed in the near dam site every year and vanished between August and October. Increase of nitrogen nutrients was observed when inflowing discharge was low, while phosphorus increase was distinct both during the early season with increase of inflowing discharge and the period of severe draught persistent. Duration persisting high concentration of Chl-a (>$25mg\;m^{-3}$: the eutrophic status criterion, OECD, 1982) was 1~2 months of the whole year in 2014~2015, while it was almost 4 months in 2013. Water quality of Euiam Reservoir appeared to be affected basically by geomorphology and source of pollutants, such as longitudinally linked instream islands and Aggregate Island, inflowing urban stream, and wastewater treatment plant discharge. While inflowing discharge from the dams upstream and outflow pattern causing water level change seem to largely govern the variability of water quality in this particular system. In the process of spatiotemporal water quality change, factors related to climate (e.g. flood, typhoon, abruptly high rainfall, scorching heat of summer), hydrology (amount of flow and water level) might be attributed to water pulse, dilution, backflow, uptake, and sedimentation. This study showed that change of water quality in Euiam Reservoir was very dynamic and suggested that its effect could be delivered to downstream (Cheongpyeong and Paldang Reservoirs) through year-round discharge for hydropower generation.
식물 플랑크톤과 박테리아에 대한 zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) 의 섭식효과 : 플랑크톤의 크기에 따른 선태적 섭식
황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회 1996 생태와 환경 Vol.29 No.4
Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) grazing on natural planktonic communities from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, USA, were studied in July, August, and October, 1992. Mussels were collected from a eutrophic site and incubated in 41 bottles with oligotrophic and eutrophic water in an environmental chamber. Zebra mussels preferentially glazed phytoplankton smaller than 40㎛ (or < 1000㎛^3, biovolume), including diatoms, phototrophic nanoflagellates and small chlorophytes, reducing their biovolume by 80% to 100%. Mussels eliminated somewhat large phytoplankton (40∼200㎛ or < 10,000㎛^3) when they occurred as individual cells. Most large chlorophytes, colonial cyanophytes, and chrysophytes surrounded by a gelatinous layer (>20,000㎛^3) were not affected by mussels. As a result, the phytoplankton community was shifted towards larger inedible forms. Zebra mussel grazing on the phytoplankton community was greater at the oligotrophic site than at the eutrophic site due to more diverse composition and relatively low density of phytoplankton. Zebra mussels had a variable grazing effect on the bacterioplankton community, and appeared to have a greater effect on large bacteria(>1㎛). The results of this study indicate that zebra mussels select prey based on body size and can cause significant changes in phytoplankton composition when they are abundant.
섬강 수계에서 하천 형태복잡도와 토지이용, 수질 및 부착규조류 군집 분포와의 관계
황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.1
This study examined the benthic diatom community distribution, land cover/use and water quality in relation to stream shape complexity (SSC) in the Seom River watershed. SSC showed a significant relation to the riparian land cover/use pattern and also water quality variables of the studied streams. Streams with high stream shape complexity (HSC) appeared to have a high proportion of forest and farmland, while streams having a low stream shape complexity (LSC) appeared to have high proportion of city. Streams with lower SSC showed higher nutrients concentration in the stream waters. Benthic diatom species composition and dominant species appeared to be similar regardless of SSC differences among the studied streams, while the variation of diatom density was manifested with SSC. The relative abundance of dominant benthic diatoms varied with SSC. Saprophilic diatoms were dominant in the streams of LSC, while saproxenic diatoms were dominant in the streams of HSC. During the evaluation of biological water quality using the benthic diatom indices, Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution (DAIpo), the streams of LSC generally showed poorer water quality than those of MSC (Middle stream shape complexity) and HSC. In particular, BOD, TP, and PO4-P showed significant relationships with DAIpo. In conclusion, shape complexity of streams in the Seom River watershed showed a close relation with benthic diatom distribution. This relation seemed to primarily be resulted from the effect of proximate factors, such as water quality, which might be affected by the land use types determining the degree of SSC.
국내 담수산 조개의 섭식활동이 호수 수질에 미치는 영향
황순진(Soon Jin Hwang),김호섭(Ho Sub Kim),최광현(Kwang Hyun Choi),박정환(Jung Hwan Park),신재기(Jae Ki Shin) 한국하천호수학회 2002 생태와 환경 Vol.35 No.2
This study was conducted to compare filtering abilities of three species of freshwater mussels(Cobicula fluminea, Corbicula leana and Unio douglasiae) and to evaluate their filter feeding effects on water quality change in experimental enclosure systems. Mussel feeding in both laboratory and enclosure resulted in decrease of particulate material, such as chlorophyll, total P, SS. In the treatment with 600 individuals of mussels, chllorophyll concentration and net primary productivity decreased from 87.3±4.5㎍/ℓ and 106.3±8.8㎍C L^-1 hr^-1 to nearly the same level as the mussel-free enclosure(25.0±0.5㎍/ℓ and 15.6±13.3㎍C L^-1 hr^-1, respectively) (P<0.05, n=6, ANOVA). In concert with the decrease of chlorophyll concentration, not only was the transparency enhanced from 0.48m to 1.2m but also the suspended solids and total phosphorus decreased from 22.0±1.0㎎/ℓ to 7.5±0.5㎎/ℓ ad 133±0.8㎎/ℓto 70±0.0㎍/ℓ, respectively(P<0.001, r^2>0.71, n=11). Although slight decrease of SRP concentration and the increase of inorganic nitrogen(NH_3-N and NO_2-N) were observed in the mussel additon enclosure, there was no statistical difference between two enclosures. Based on the filtering rate on phytoplankton and nutrient release rate in forms of feces and pseudofeces, Corbicula leana appeared to be the most efficient filter-feeder among three mussel species. These results indicate that Corbicula play an important role in controlling particulate sestons and thus it could be applied as biocontroler for the water quality management in lakes and reservoirs with algal blooms.
몇 가지 여재를 이용한 부영양수 내의 조류 및 인 제거효과
황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.1
In this study, the four different filter media (sponge, volcanic stone, activated carbon and magnesium hydroxide) were tested for the removal of algae and phosphorus in the two eutrophic water samples (natural water and artificial algal culture with BG- 11 medium). These filter media were used in the column device as single or combined applications. The effect of the Mg(OH)2 on phosphorus removal was examined using different particle sizes (/2 mm and ¤2 mm) and concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 g L-1) of magnesium hydroxide. The removal efficiency of phosphate by magnesium hydroxide was increased with longer experimental time and higher concentration. However, there was no significant difference in the degree of phosphorus removal between any two particle sizes (1 mg P L-1: F=0.109, P=0.685; 10 mg P L-1: F=1.542, P=0.355). Among the four media, activated carbon showed the most potent effect on the removal of both algae and phosphorus. The highest removal efficiency of algae and phosphorus was obtained by combining four columns of each filter medium. Interestingly, integration of four filter columns showed higher removal efficiency than activated carbon alone. The highest removal efficiency by integrated filter columns seemed to be caused by a synergistic effect of combined activated carbon and magnesium hydroxide.