Serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin induces growth inhibition of B16F10 melanoma cells through G₂/M phase arrest

Lee, Y.‐,S.,Choi, K.‐,M.,Choi, M.‐,H.,Ji, S.‐,Y.,Lee, S.,Sin, D.‐,M.,Oh, K.‐,W.,Lee, Y.‐,M.,Hong, J.‐,T.,Yun, Y.‐,P.,Yoo, H.‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Cell proliferation Vol.44 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Objectives: </B> Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and it resists chemotherapy. Candidate drugs for effective anti‐cancer treatment have been sought from natural resources. Here, we have investigated anti‐proliferative activity of myriocin, serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, in the <I>de novo</I> sphingolipid pathway, and its mechanism in B16F10 melanoma cells.</P><P><B>Material and methods: </B> We assessed cell population growth by measuring cell numbers, DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Ceramide, sphingomyelin, sphingosine and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate levels were analysed by HPLC.</P><P><B>Results: </B> Myriocin inhibited proliferation of melanoma cells and induced cell cycle arrest in the G<SUB>2</SUB>/M phase. Expressions of cdc25C, cyclin B1 and cdc2 were decreased in the cells after exposure to myriocin, while expression of p53 and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> was increased. Levels of ceramide, sphingomyelin, sphingosine and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in myriocin‐treated cells after 24 h were reduced by approximately 86%, 57%, 75% and 38%, respectively, compared to levels in control cells.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> Our results suggest that inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis by myriocin in melanoma cells may inhibit expression of cdc25C or activate expression of p53 and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP>, followed by inhibition of cyclin B1 and cdc2, resulting in G<SUB>2</SUB>/M arrest of the cell cycle and cell population growth inhibition. Thus, modulation of sphingolipid metabolism by myriocin may be a potential target of mechanism‐based therapy for this type of skin cancer.</P>

個人的奢侈品價値與時尙品牌消費的關系: 美國人口特征差異的探索性分析

( Hye Young Kim ),( Jeong Ju Yoo ),( Doo Young Choi ),( Ji Eun Kim ),( K. P. Johnson ) 한국마케팅과학회 2011 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.2 No.3

Researchers have focused on the explanation that consumers buy luxury brands ``to impress others`` (Tsai, 2005; O``Cass & Frost, 2002; Wiedmann, Hennigs, & Siebels, 2009). Marketers have designed branding strategies that reflect the idea that consumer purchasing is affected by an internal drive to create a favorable social image (Tsai, 2005). However, researchers exploring customer perceptions of and motives for purchasing luxury brands have suggested that socially-oriented motives are insufficient explanations for luxury brand consumption (Wiedmann et al., 2009). These researchers stress that personally- oriented motives have been overlooked in the marketing management of luxury brands. Additionally, empirical research focusing on personal motives is comparatively scarce (Tsai, 2005; Wiedmann et al., 2009). Our study attempted to address this research void by identifying personal luxury values U.S. consumers` associated with their fashion brand consumption. Specific research questions examined were: RQ1: What demographic characteristics are related to personal luxury values? RQ2: What personal luxury values are related to consumers` intentions to purchase luxury fashion brands? A range of motivators can underlie luxury brand consumption. First, some consumers may seek self-directed pleasure from consuming luxury brands and thus their purchase objective has little to do with pleasing peers or social groups (Tsai, 2005). These consumers often buy luxury brands to experience bliss or contentment. Second, self-gift giving could be an important motive that underlies luxury brand consumption. O`Cass and Frost (2002) found that some consumers purchase luxury products as gifts for themselves. Third, a consumer`s self-concept could affect luxury brand consumption. Recently, Wiedmann et al. (2009) confirmed that consumers` perceived congruity of a luxury brand with their self-image or intended self-image is an important variable for segmenting luxury consumers. Building on this fact, consumers may use luxury brands to integrate symbolic meaning into their own identities or they may use the brands to support and develop those identities (e.g., self-completion). Finally, Wiedmann et al. (2009) found that some consumers engaged in luxury brand consumption as a form of self-actualization or life-enrichment. Data were collected using a web survey tool with the help of a marketing research company. Participants were US consumers (n=316) who had purchased a luxury fashion brand in the past three years. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted on 14 personal luxury value items. Items with factor loadings greater than .60 were retained. Two cross-loaded items were dropped resulting in four factors that accounted for 71.1% of the total variance. Item loadings ranged from .64 to .90. Each of the factors had an eigenvalue greater than one. Factor 1 was labeled life enrichment (α=.81) and included four items (e.g., Self-actualization is an important motivator for my luxury fashion brand consumption.). Factor 2 was labeled self-gifting (α=.80) and included three items (e.g., Reward for hard work or that I feel I have earned or am entitled to is an important motivator for my luxury fashion brand consumption.). Factor 3 was labeled self-identity (α=.73) and included three items (e.g., I never buy a luxury fashion brand inconsistent with the characteristics with which I describe myself.). Factor 4 was labeled self-directed pleasure (α=.74) and included two items (e.g., I can enjoy luxury fashion brands entirely on my own terms no matter what others may feel about them.). To answer RQ1, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed using income as a covariate. Age (Multivariate F=7.75, p<.001) had the most significant relationship to self-gift giving and life enrichment luxury values. Education (Multivariate F=3.07, p<.05) had a significant relationship with self-identity. Further univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on age indicated that younger respondents (18-30 years old) showed higher levels of self-gifting (F=25.08, p<.001) and life enrichment (F=18.40, p<.001) values than older consumers (51 or older). ANCOVA analysis on education also revealed that those with a four-year college degree or higher had a higher level of the self-identity value than who did not have a four-year college degree (F=4.69, pp<.05). No main effects were found for gender. However, an interaction effect between gender and education (F=2.76, p<.05) was found for the self-identity value (F=4.29, p<.05). Male respondents with a four-year college degree had a higher level of the self-identity value than females and males who did not have a four-year college degree and females who had at least a four year college degree. No other significant interaction effects were found. Regarding RQ2, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that the following three personal luxury values were significantly related to respondents` intention to purchase luxury fashion brands: self-directed pleasure (β=.25, p<.001), self-gifting (β=.20, p<.001), and self-identity (β=.11, p<.05). By understanding what personal luxury values are sought by American consumers, global luxury fashion marketers could be in a better position: (a) to formulate and implement effective advertising, publicity, special events and personal selling strategies as well as mechanisms of consumer relationship management, and (b) execute marketing programs and activities to build brand images that appeal to and motivate American consumers to purchase.

Association between PON1 Gene SNPs and Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle

Ji, A.G.,Huai, Y.H.,Zhou, Z.K.,Li, Y.J.,Zhang, L.P.,Xu, S.Z.,Gao, X.,Ren, H.Y.,Chen, J.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), like lipoprotein lipase (LPL), plays a key role in the metabolism and physiology of mammalian growth. The objectives of this study were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies at the PON1/EcoRV and PON1/AluI loci in three genetic groups of beef cattle and to determine associations between these polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits. Genotyping was performed on 30 Angus, 32 Hereford and 26 Simmental. The association analysis was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 and the least squares means of the genotypes were compared by the Tukey's test. Animals with AG genotype at the PON1/EcoRV locus had higher weight at the time of entry into the fattening corrals ($329.97{\pm}6.08kg$) and close to the time of slaughter ($577.56{\pm}8.32kg$) and net meat weight ($275.89{\pm}4.05kg$) and fitted tenderness ($3.10{\pm}0.19kg$) (p<0.05). Animals with AA genotype at the PON1/AluI locus had higher weight at the time of entry ($333.37{\pm}8.93kg$) and slaughter ($576.82{\pm}13.18kg$) and net meat weight ($275.49{\pm}6.43kg$) and average daily gain ($0.68{\pm}0.02kg/d$) (p<0.05). The meat color score was also significantly higher (p<0.05). Between genotypes and breeds, there were significant differences observed except for TBW, REMG, MBS, REA and MCS. As a metabolism gene, genotypes of the SNPs of PON1 gene might be reflecting BFT directly, such as $A_eA_eG_aG_a$ genotype in this experiment.

G.I.S.H. 수술과 복식 전자궁적출술의 비교

지일운,허준용,서호석,박용균,조수용,주갑순,이규완,구병삼 대한산부인과내시경학회 1995 대한산부인과내시경학회잡지 Vol.7 No.1

顧客-수貨員的關系和奢侈時裝商店的銷수效力: 自我監督的作用

( Ji Eun Kim ),( Jae Eun Kim ),( Kim K. P. Johnson ) 한국마케팅과학회 2010 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.1 No.4

Among the diverse strategies that businesses use to maximize sales, the customer-salesperson relationship as an aspect of relationship marketing has been reported as one of the most critical (O`Malley and Tynan, 1998). Although relationship marketing has been emphasized across various business settings, this strategy works particularly well in luxury markets for a number of reasons. For example, brands offering high involvement products (i.e., luxury brand products) focus on relationship marketing rather than those offering low involvement products (Martin, 1998). Previous researchers have recognized the role of various customers attributes in sales interactions (Walker et al., 1977; Weitz, 1981). One customer attribute that may play a role in moderating the association between the strength of customer- salesperson relationship and sales effectiveness is a customer`s tendency to self-monitor (Snyder, 1974). This is due to the fact that an individuals` self monitoring tendency has been recognized as an influential personal disposition that accounts for differences in customer behavior especially in social contexts (Weitz, 1981). Self-monitoring refers to the tendency to monitor (i.e., observe and control) self-presentations and expressive behaviors (Snyder, 1974). High self-monitors are individuals who are highly sensitive to social cues in an interaction situation; thus, they modify their behavior because they desire to look proper or preferable to others in that situation. Low self-monitors are individuals who regard their personal value system and private realities as important; thus, they tend to keep their self-presentation consistent across situations. We investigated to what extent does the strength of type of customer-salesperson relationship (i.e., social, functional) influence sales effectiveness and whether individuals` self-monitoring moderated this relationship. This study contributes to theory concerning sales performance as it furthers understanding of how relationship type influences sales performance. It also provides practical information to luxury store sales managers by documenting the effectiveness of social versus functional relationship types. Furthermore, given that degree of self-monitoring has been reported to be easily recognized from observations of people (Snyder, 1974), the research identifies the role of a visible customer attribute in a selling situation thus providing concrete ideas for salespersons concerning how to best serve their customers. Twenty two stores located in eight of the largest department stores in Seoul, Korea were identified. Sales managers in the luxury brand stores were asked to be data collectors for the sample, each sales manager were asked to secure 10 respondents. They received a $5 gift card per completed questionnaire for compensation. Once a customer was informed of the nature of the research and agreed to participate, they were given a questionnaire that included information on consent in a booklet. Participants were given a $5 gift card for compensation. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed and 187 were returned. Questionnaires with excessive incomplete responses were eliminated resulting in a final sample of 167. The questionnaire consisted of existing measures of sales effectiveness (Gilly et al. (1998), satisfaction with purchase decisions Fitzsomons (2000), sales associate-customer relationship type (Coulter and Ligas, 2000), and self-monitoring (Snyder, 1986). Participants were female (95.2%). A large percentage were from 50 to 59 years of age (38.9%) followed by the category of older than 60 years of age (24%). The majority had more formal education than a college degree (89.8%). Participants shared that they had known their salesperson for an average of 3.4 years. Preliminary data analyses revealed Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was .92 for perceived salesperson effect on purchase decision, .89 for satisfaction with purchase decision, and .72 for self-monitoring. Next we verified the assumptions of the regression model testing normality of residuals, independence of residuals (Durbin-Watson statistic), linearity, and constant variance of the residuals (homoscedasticity). All assumptions were satisfied. Some of the correlations of the measures indicated possible problems of multicollinearity. In order to minimize correlations between the independent variables and interaction terms, the independent variables were mean-centered prior to the computation of the interaction terms (Aiken and West, 1991). We checked variance inflation factor for each regression coefficient and results showed all factors were less than the threshold of 10. Multiple regression revealed that the strength of social relationship was positively related to perceived salesperson effect on purchase decision (β =.27, p<.001) and satisfaction with purchase decision (β=.28, p<.001). A functional relationship with a salesperson had no significant effect on purchase decision and satisfaction with purchase decision. Self-monitoring moderated the influence of a social relationship such that customers who were low self-monitors were more likely to indicate they were influenced by the salesperson for their purchase intentions if they perceived they had a strong social relationship with salesperson than a weak social relationship. However, when customers were high self-monitors, the perceived effect of a social relationship was reduced. Participants credited their salesperson with influencing their purchase decision as well as tended to be satisfied with their purchase decision when they thought they had a strong social relationship with a salesperson. These findings are consistent with those of Reynolds and Beatty (1999) and Wagner et al. (2003). The strength of functional relationships had no significant effect on either of our measures of salesperson effectiveness. The insignificant results could be due to the fact that customers with strong functional relationships with salespersons have no emotional connections or personal closeness with the salesperson. We extend prior work (Wagner et al., 2003; Walker et al., 1977) on investigating situational factors (i.e., customer attributes) influencing sales effectiveness. Our findings provide important implications for luxury retailers. Building a strong social relationship with customers is recognized as an important strategy in personnel selling. In order to maximize a relationship marketing strategy within limited resources, luxury retailers may want to inform their salespersons that it is more effective to try to build a strong social relationship with low self-monitors rather than high self-monitors since low self-monitors are predicted to have more tendency to be loyal to the salesperson due to their tendency to try to have shared attitudes and values with a personally close people (Snyder, Gangestad, and Simpson, 1983) as well as to be receptive to the salesperson`s influence on their purchase decision when they have a strong social relationship with the salesperson. In contrast, because high self-monitors tend to have lower levels of interpersonal commitment and less stable social bonds than low self-monitors (Gangestad and Snyder, 2000), it seems hard to obtain long-term loyalty from high self-monitors even though they may view themselves as having a strong social relationship with the salesperson.

Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Korean Anthracite

Shun, D 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.3

Progress in Novel Oxides for Gate Dielectrics and Surface Passivation of GaN/AlGaN Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors

Abernathy, C.R.,Gila, B.P.,Onstine, A.H.,Pearton, S.J.,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Luo, B.,Mehandru, R.,Ren, F.,Gillespie, J.K.,Fitch, R.C.,Seweel, J.,Dettmer, R.,Via, G.D.,Crespo, A.,Jenkins, T.J.,Irokawa, Y. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2003 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.3 No.1

Both MgO and $Sc_2O_3$ are shown to provide low interface state densities (in the $10^{11}{\;}eV^{-1}{\;}cm{\;}^{-2}$ range)on n-and p-GaN, making them useful for gate dielectrics for metal-oxide semiconductor(MOS) devices and also as surface passivation layers to mitigate current collapse in GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).Clear evidence of inversion has been demonstrated in gate-controlled MOS p-GaN diodes using both types of oxide. Charge pumping measurements on diodes undergoing a high temperature implant activation anneal show a total surface state density of $~3{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{12}{\;}cm^{-2}$. On HEMT structures, both oxides provide effective passivation of surface states and these devices show improved output power. The MgO/GaN structures are also found to be quite radiation-resistant, making them attractive for satellite and terrestrial communication systems requiring a high tolerance to high energy(40MeV) protons.

Characterization of Waste Forms for Disposal

K.P. Hong, Y.G. Ryue, K.k. Kwak, Y.Y. Ji, K.H. Kim, Yong Uhn Kim, Whan-Gyeong Je 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2006 自然科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

-본문참고-

Effects of Barium Chloride Exposure on Hormones and Genes of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonad Axis, and Reproduction of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Kwon, B.,Ha, N.,Jung, J.,Kim, P. G.,Kho, Y.,Choi, K.,Ji, K. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxico Vol.96 No.3

<P>Adult zebrafish pairs were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of BaCl2 for 21 days, and the effects on reproduction, sex steroid hormones, and transcription of the genes belonging to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis were investigated. The adverse effects on performances of F1 generation were further examined with or without subsequent exposure to BaCl2. Egg production was significantly decreased, and parental exposure to BaCl2 resulted in lesser rates of hatching. In males, exposure to BaCl2 resulted in greater concentrations of E2 along with greater mRNA expression of cyp19a. The results demonstrated that BaCl2 could modulate gene transcriptions and hormone production of the HPG axis in a sex-dependent way, which could cause adverse effects on reproduction and the development of offspring.</P>

Dramatically Enhanced Stability of Silver Passivated Dicalcium Nitride Electride: Ag-Ca₂N

Faseela, K. P.,Kim, Ye Ji,Kim, Seong-Gon,Kim, Sung Wng,Baik, Seunghyun American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.21

<P>Electrides have received considerable attention due to their exotic properties. However, the high reactivity with oxygen and moisture immediately decomposed electrides in an ambient air environment. Here we passivated dicalcium nitride electride (Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N:e<SUP>-</SUP>) with silver via a wet chemical approach (Ag-Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N), significantly enhancing stability up to 17 min at room temperature in an ambient air environment. The Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N:e<SUP>-</SUP> was employed as a reducing agent due to the low work function (2.6 eV), high mobility, and high electron concentration facilitating electron transfer to Ag<SUP>+</SUP> ion in an aprotic cosolvent. Moreover, the noble metal surface passivation (thickness: 55 nm) was achieved with negligible increase in work function of Ag-Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N (2.78 eV). The optimized molar ratio of AgNO<SUB>3</SUB>/Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N:e<SUP>-</SUP> was 0.5. The enhanced stability of Ag-Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N in organic reaction medium enabled successful aldol condensation reaction outside the glovebox, with a high α,β-unsaturated ketone yield of 75.4%, without involving environmentally harmful strong acid or base. The enhanced stability and low work function may realize practical economic applications of Ag-Ca<SUB>2</SUB>N.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>