TÜRKİYE’NİN ANAYASA SERÜVENİ KADİM MEMLEKETİN SESSİZ DEVRİMİ

Osman Can 아주대학교 법학연구소 2012 아주법학 Vol.6 No.2

터키에서 중앙집권화는 관료주의와 함께 오스만 제국 말기부터 시작하여 쇠퇴기에 이르기까지 그 위세를 떨쳤다. 관료주의적 중앙집권화는 여러 가지 이유로 분열을 촉진시키고 반역자들에게 합법성을 부여하여 제국의 붕괴를 가속화시킨 주요 요인으로 작용했다. 이 중앙집권적 관료주의는 1921년 제정된 헌법을 제외하고 공화국 이후의 헌법제정과 헌법적용을 통해 더 강력한 힘을 갖게 되었다. 1921년 헌법은 전적으로 반(反)중앙집권적이었다. 시간이 지남에 따라 앙카라에서 힘을 얻기 시작한 관료주의는 1924년 헌법제정으로 반중앙집권적 관료주의를 포섭하여 1961년과 1982년 헌법은 전적으로 중앙집권적 성향이 지배적이었다. 100년간의 오랜 헌법사에 걸쳐 사회적 다양성이 가로막혔다 하더라도 터키는 의회를 통해 민주주의의 정치적 기반을 확장시키기 위해 노력하였다. 세계화는 문호개방과 중앙집권화의 변화를 촉진시켰고, 그에 의한 영향은 매우 컸다. 이를 반영한 헌법 개정이 시스템을 바꾸는 의미에서는 큰 역할을 하지는 못했지만, 1987년, 2007년 그리고 2010년에 걸쳐 이루어진 세 차례의 헌법 개정에서는 그 근본구조가 변화하는 이유가 되었다. 어떤 국가에서는 수백 년간 축적해 온 것이 어떤 갈등으로 혹은 이전의 패러다임이 정치적 상징이 되는 어떤 사건으로 인해 혹은 조직 내의 반역으로 쿠데타로 변화가 있긴 하지만, 터키는 문화적 사회기반이 다양하고 단일 민족이 아니기 때문에 수년간에 걸쳐서 축적해 온 것들이 심한 잡음이나 소란 같은 쿠데타 형식이 아니라 “조용한” 혁명으로 실행되고 있다. 대부분의 터키 사람들은 2011년 연말이 매우 역사적인 순간이라는 공감대를 가지고 있다. 사실상 터키의 헌법 개정은 2010년에 시작되었다. 그리고 2010년 헌법 개정으로 처음으로 시스템이 암호화되었다. 시스템의 암호를 만들고 이 암호화된 것을 관리하는 두 개의 그룹이 많은 변화를 이끌어내었다. 바리게이트는 이미 쳐졌다. 그러나 쿠데타로 만들어진 기존의 헌법과 법률로는 터키가 사회, 경제, 국제적 역동성을 가지고 발전하기에는 역부족이라는 인식이 널리 퍼져 있다.

Can tumor recurrence be reduced with plasma-kinetic vaporization of the area around the tumor in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer?

Yüksel Yılmaz,Mehmet Cemal Kahya,Fatma Hüsniye Dilek,Osman Köse,Serkan Özcan,Ertan Can,Yiğit Akın,Batuhan Ergani,Ahmet Selçuk Dindar 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.4

Purpose: To investigate the effect on recurrence of vaporization of the tumor surroundings and suspicious areas with a plasma-kinetic (PK) system after transurethral resection (TUR) of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: The study included 121 patients with a primary superficial bladder tumor who were randomized as those who underwent TUR with the PK system (Group 1, n=62) and those who underwent TUR with the monopolar system (Group 2, n=59). The vaporization procedure was performed by suppressing the cutting option of the PK system for a period, which would accumulate energy sufficient to make swelling-waves on the mucosa very close to the area of the loop to be vaporized. Results: A total of 121 patients who met the study criteria were included for evaluation. Recurrence was determined in 21 patients in Group 1 (33.87%) and in 29 patients in Group 2 (49.15%) (p=0.088). Recurrence was close to the old resection site in 6 of 21 patients in Group 1, and in 13 patients in Group 2 (p=0.028); the difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was determined between the two groups with respect to age, gender, number of tumor foci, rate or range of additional treatments applied, cigarette smoking rate, repeat TUR rate and rate of tumor en- countered in repeat TUR, T-stage, and tumor grade. Conclusions: The effect of vaporization on recurrence by the PK system may seem similar to the effect of standard TUR, the recurrence- lowering effect surrounding nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers is better.

Tardive Dyskinesia Associated with Bupropion

Taha Can Tuman,Uğur Çakır,Osman Yı ıd ldı ır rı ı m,Mehmet Akif Camkurt 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.2

Present report describes a 46 year old male patient with a diagnosis of major depression who developed tardive dyskinesia during bupropion therapy. Our patient had no history of neuroleptic use and his laboratory and neurologic examinations were normal. He had no family history of neurologic diseases. Although bupropion induced dyskinesia has been previously reported in the literature, it is rare and our case is the first case regarding tardive dyskinesia.

Are Platelet Indices such as Platelet Volume, Platelet Distribution Width, and Plateletcrit Associated with Peyronie Disease?

Cakir Suleyman Sami,Ozbir Sait,Atalay Hasan Anıl,Culha Mehmet Gokhan,Can Osman,Canat Halil Lütfi 대한남성과학회 2020 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: Peyronie disease (PD) occurs as a result of recurrent microvascular injuries or trauma of the tunica albuginea, although its precise etiology is unknown. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT), which are parameters indicative of platelet activity, are considered to be functional markers of platelets involved in the pathophysiology of related inflammatory and vascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between PD and platelet indices. Materials and Methods: We evaluated participants who presented to the andrology department of our institution between December 2015 and May 2018. Ninety-two men with PD and 80 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Participants who had received medical treatment affecting platelets or had any hematologic or systemic diseases were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of men with PD was 53.8±10.2 years, and the mean age of the control group was 52.2±8.0 years (p=0.465). There were no significant differences in the mean IIEF-5 scores, platelet count, MPV, PDW, or PCT between the patients with and without PD (p<0.05). Conclusions: No correlations were found between PD and platelet indices. Large-scale prospective cross-sectional studies are needed to elucidate the etiopathogenesis of PD.

The Effect of Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 on Recovery of Facial Nerve Crush Injury

Asuman Feda Bayrak,Yuksel Olgun,Ayla Ozbakan,Safiye Aktas,Can Ahmet Kulan,Gonca Kamaci,Emine Demir,Osman Yilmaz,Levent Olgun 대한이비인후과학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.10 No.4

Objectives. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of locally applied insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the recovery of facial nerve functions after crush injury in a rabbit model. Methods. The rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 consisted of the rabbits with crush injury alone; group 2, the animals applied saline solution onto the crushed facial nerve and group 3, IGF-1 implemented to the nerve in the same manner. Facial nerve injury was first electrophysiologically studied on 10th and 42nd days of the procedure. The damage to the facial nerves was then investigated histopathologically, after sacrification of the animals. Results. In the electrophysiological study, compound muscle action potential amplitudes of the crushed nerves in the second group were decreased. In pathological specimens of the first and second groups, the orders of axons were distorted; demyelination and proliferation of Schwann cells were observed. However, in IGF-1 treated group axonal order and myelin were preserved, and Schwann cell proliferation was close to normal (P<0.05). Conclusion. Local application of IGF-1 in a slow releasing gel was found efficacious in the recovery of the facial nerve crush injury in rabbits. IGF-1 was considered worthy of being tried in clinical studies in facial nerve injury cases.

Superoxide Anion Production by the Spermatozoa of Men with Varicocele: Relationship with Varicocele Grade and Semen Parameters

İlter Alkan,Meral Yüksel,Halil Lütfi Canat,Hasan Anıl Atalay,Osman Can,Hakan Özveri,Mehmet Murad Başar 대한남성과학회 2018 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.36 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the pathophysiological role of superoxide anion and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the spermatozoa of men with varicocele and its relationship with varicocele grade and semen parameters. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 34 men with grade II–III varicocele, regardless of their fertility status. The control group consisted of 13 healthy men. Semen characteristics were examined according to the 2010 World Health Organization criteria. The swim-up method was used for sperm preparation. Total ROS and superoxide anion production was assayed by luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), respectively. Results: The men with varicocele had significantly higher total ROS and superoxide anion levels than the healthy control subjects (2.9±0.4 relative light unit (RLU) vs. 2.4±0.1 RLU, p=0.001 for luminol-dependent CL and 2.8±0.4 RLU vs. 2.3±0.2 RLU, p=0.002 for lucigenin-dependent CL). Cases of grade III varicocele had significantly higher superoxide anion and total ROS levels than grade II cases and control subjects (p<0.001). Superoxide anion and total ROS levels were negatively correlated with all semen parameters. Conclusions: The superoxide anion levels produced by spermatozoa were significantly higher in varicocele patients than in control subjects. ROS production was related to increased varicocele grade, impaired semen concentration, and abnormal morphology in men with varicocele. Our findings suggest that superoxide anion overproduction may be an important step in the cascade of ROS-related damage to spermatozoa, resulting in impaired semen parameters in patients with varicocele.