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Radiation Biology in Space; DNA Damage and Biological Effects of Space Radiation
Ohnishi, Takeo,Takahashi, Akihisa,Ohnishi, Ken Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.3
Astronauts are constantly exposed to space radiation at a low-dose rate during long-tenn stays in space. Therefore, it is important to determine correctly the biological effects of space radiation on human health. Space radiations contain various kinds of different energy particles, especially high linear energy transfer (LET) particles. Therefore, we have to study the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of space radiation under microgravity environment which may change RBE from a stress for cells. Furthermore, the research about space radiation might give us useful information about birth and evolution of life on the earth. We also can realize the importance of preventing the ozone layer from depletion by use of exposure equipment to sunlight at International Space Station (ISS).
Ohnishi, Akihiro,Takanokura, Masato,Sugama, Atsushi Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.3
Background: This study examined the relationship between interhandle distances and upper limb exertion during simply pushing and pulling of a cart with four swivel wheels, defined by a roll box pallet (RBP) in a Japanese industrial standard. Methods: Six healthy young male participants were asked to push and pull an RBP at a distance of 5.2 m under six conditions corresponding to different interhandle distances (40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm) and weights (130 kg and 250 kg). The upper limb exertion was studied by shoulder abduction and flexion, and elbow flexion, as well as surface electromyogram (EMG) in shoulder extensor, and elbow flexor and extensor. Participants were required to provide subjective evaluations on operability after each trial. Results: Subjective operability indicated that a narrower interhandle distance had a better operability for pushing. Interhandle distance was also related to upper limb exertion especially for pushing. A narrow interhandle distance caused smaller shoulder adduction but larger elbow flexion. The normalized EMG data revealed that muscular activity became smaller with a narrow interhandle distance in shoulder extensor. During the pulling task, elbow flexion was smaller at a narrow interhandle distance, although subjective operability and normalized EMG were not significantly varied. Conclusion: A wider interhandle distance, such as 80 cm, was not suitable in the forwardbackward movement of the RBP. Therefore, this study concluded that an interhandle distance of 40 cm would be suitable for pushing and pulling an RBP to protect the workers' hands against the risk of injury by installing inner handles.
Shunsuke Ohnishi,Hidemichi Watari,Maki Kanno,Yoko Ohba,Satoshi Takeuchi,Tempei Miyaji,Shunsuke Oyamada,Eiji Nomura,Hidenori Kato,Toru Sugiyama,Masahiro Asaka,Noriaki Sakuragi,Takuhiro Yamaguchi,Yasuhi 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.5
Objective: Rikkunshito, an herbal medicine, is widely prescribed in Japan for the treatmentof anorexia and functional dyspepsia, and has been reported to recover reductions in foodintake caused by cisplatin. We investigated whether rikkunshito could improve chemotherapyinducednausea and vomiting (CINV) and anorexia in patients treated with cisplatin. Methods: Patients with uterine cervical or corpus cancer who were to receive cisplatin (50 mg/m2day 1) and paclitaxel (135 mg/m2day 0) as first-line chemotherapy were randomly assignedto the rikkunshito group receiving oral administration on days 0–13 with standard antiemetics,or the control group receiving antiemetics only. The primary endpoint was the rate of completecontrol (CC: no emesis, no rescue medication, and no significant nausea) in the overall phase(0–120 hours). Two-tailed p<0.20 was considered significant in the planned analysis. Results: The CC rate in the overall phase was significantly higher in the rikkunshito groupthan in the control group (57.9% vs. 35.3%, p=0.175), as were the secondary endpoints:the CC rate in the delayed phase (24–120 hours), and the complete response (CR) rates(no emesis and no rescue medication) in the overall and delayed phases (63.2% vs. 35.3%, p=0.095; 84.2% vs. 52.9%, p=0.042; 84.2% vs. 52.9%, p=0.042, respectively), and time totreatment failure (p=0.059). Appetite assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) appeared to besuperior in the rikkunshito group from day 2 through day 6. Conclusion: Rikkunshito provided additive effect for the prevention of CINV and anorexia
S. Ohnishi,K. Kondo,S. Sato,K. Ochiai,K. Takakura,C. Konno,I. Murata 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
A new collimator system was constructed to produce a new collimated DT neutron beam for new integral benchmark experiments at the first target room of the Fusion Neutronics Source facility in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The collimator system had been designed and optimized with a neutron transport calculation code and the performance of the collimated DT neutron beam was tested with an imaging plate, activation foil and a scintillation counter. The DT neutron flux at the exit of the collimator hole was 2.22 × 10^6 cm^(-2)s^(-1), which was 239 times as large as that at the 2 cm off-centered position. It was confirmed that the new DT neutron beam had a good performance as expected.
A Switching Method of PID Controllers Based on Performance Assessment
Yoshihiro Ohnishi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper proposes the switching control method based on the controller performance assessment. The switching mechanism is based on the estimated controller performances which are calculated by all prepared controllers. The accepted controller has the best estimated performance of all controllers. Each controller performance is estimated by the numerical model. Finally, numerical evaluations demonstrate the practically and utility of this idea.
T. Ohnishi,S. Mizusaki,M. Naito,Y. Nagata,M. Itou,Y. Sakurai,T. C. Ozawa,Y. Noro,H. Samata 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
The crystallographic, magnetic and transport properties of Sr1−xCaxRu0.5Mn0.5O3 were studiedto reveal the effects of crystal symmetry on the magnetism and the transport properties of antiferromagneticSrRu1−yMnyO3 (y > 0.2). The Ca-content dependences of the lattice constants and volumesuggest that the mixed valence state of Mn3+, Mn4+, Ru4+, and Ru5+ ions in SrRu0.5Mn0.5O3is held for Ca substitution. However, a structural transformation from tetragonal to orthorhombicsymmetry occurs at a Ca content of x 0.2, and a ferromagnetic state appears simultaneously. The Weiss temperature of all samples has a positive value regardless of the magnetic state. Theresistivity decreases as the Ca content increases, and the high temperature part of the resistivitycould be fitted by using the variable range hopping (VRH) model. The localization length increasesas soon as ferromagnetism appears. The Curie temperature seems to depend on the distance betweentransition metal ions. The antiferromagnetic state was explained by using the competitionbetween a ferromagnetic interaction along the c-axis and an antiferromagnetic interaction in theab-plane, and the orthorhombic ferromagnetic state was explained by using a three-dimensionalferromagnetic interaction between Mn ions.