Public Diplomacy, Propaganda, or What? China's Communication Practices in the South China Sea Dispute on Twitter

Nip, Joyce Y.M.,Sun, Chao The Korean Association for Public Diplomacy 2022 Journal of public diplomacy Vol.2 No.1

Multiple modes of communication on social media can contribute to public diplomacy in informing, conversing, and networking with members of foreign publics. However, manipulative behaviours on social media, prevalent especially in high tension contexts, create disruptions to authentic communication in what could be grey/black propaganda or information warfare. This study reviews existing literature about models of public diplomacy to guide an empirical study of China's communication in the #SouthChinaSea conversation on Twitter. It uses computational methods to identify, record, and analyze one-way, two-way, and network communication of China's actors. It employs manual qualitative research to determine the nature of China's actors. On that basis, it assesses China's Twitter communication in the issue against various models of public diplomacy.

Simplified Numerical Load-transfer Finite Element Modelling of Tunnelling Effects on Piles

Nip, Koon Lok (Stephen),Pelecanos, Loizos Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Associatio 2019 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간 Vol.21 No.2

Tunnelling in urban environments is very common nowadays as large cities are expanding and transportation demands require the use of the underground space for creating extra capacity. Inevitably, any such new construction may have significant effects on existing nearby infrastructure and therefore relevant assessment of structural integrity and soil-structure interaction is required. Foundation piles can be rather sensitive to nearby tunnel construction and therefore their response needs to be evaluated carefully. Although detailed three-dimensional continuum finite element analysis can provide a wealth of information about this behaviour of piles, such analyses are generally very computationally demanding and may require a number of material and other model parameters to be properly calibrated. Therefore, relevant simplified approaches are used to provide a practical way for such an assessment. This paper presents a simple method where the pile is modelled with beam finite elements, pile-soil interaction is modelled with soil springs and tunnelling-induced displacements are introduced as an input boundary condition at the end of the soil springs. The performance of this approach is assessed through some examples of applications.

혁명 전후 러시아 성매매 정책의 변화: 질병담론에서 노동담론으로

장한닢 ( Han Nip Jang ) 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2016 러시아연구 Vol.26 No.1

본고는 1917년 혁명 전후 러시아에서 일어난 성매매 정책의 변화가 질병담론에서 노동담론으로 이행하는 과정이라 파악하려는 시도이다. 기존 연구는 성매매 정책의 변화를 체제의 성격 변화를 통해 설명한다. 그러나 이는 성매매 문제의 복잡한 성격을 간과하고 있다. 본고에서는 소비에트 러시아의 성매매 정책의 다면성을 고려하여, 성매매 정책의 골자인 공공보건의 증진은 의사들로부터, 규제폐지주의는 제국 말 여성주의자들에게서 비롯되었다고 설명한다. 서로 다른 요소들은 무엇보다도 사회주의 국가의 새로운 구성 원리, 즉 모든 시민이 성별과 계급에 무관하게 생산적인 노동에 종사해야 한다는 믿음을 중심으로 재편되었다. 성판매 여성들 역시 소비에트 시민이 되기 위해서 생산적 노동에 종사해야 했다. 전시공산주의 시기와 신경제정책 시기에성매매 정책의 성격은 상반되는 것처럼 보이지만, 그 기저에는 성판매는 노동이 될 수 없다는 일관된 관점이 존재했다. 본고는 소비에트 성매매 정책이각 시기별로 달라지는 이유를 정권의 정책 변화보다 성매매에 대한 일관된 태도 탓으로 해석한다. 소비에트 당국에게 성매매는 여성노동력의 활용과 분리할 수 없는 문제였다. 보건정책의 실행 결과 성병과 분리된 성매매 문제는 여성노동과 노동시장이 맺는 관계의 일부로 자리 잡은 것이다. This research aims to explain the changes of Russian prostitution policies after the Bolshevik Revolution with respect to the transition from discourses of disease to those of labor. In the previous researches, the Bolshevik regime is regarded as the sole actor to initiate the overall new prostitution policies. This approach, however, fails to explain the dynamics of the issue. Different origins of the prostitution policies in Soviet Russia could account for these aspects. Two main ideas were materialized into the new policies: abolitionism and the blueprint of public health. Bolsheviks encompassed both the eagerness of feminists for abolitionism and passion of medical doctors for better health care. But their basic doctrine of socialist constitution could not but urge every citizen to devote oneself to productive labor in the new era. Prostitutes also had to be engaged in productive labor, and thereby they could become Soviet citizens. This view that prostitution is not a labor persisted although prostitution policies seemingly changed from the period of War Communism through New Economy Policy. This research tries to prove that the reason of changes in prostitute policy of early Soviet period was closely related to the consistency of the authorities’ attitude towards prostitution. The Soviet authorities considered prostitutes as a ‘reserve army’ of women work force. Prostitution became to be seen separated from the viewpoint of veneral diseases and constitute an issue concerning the relationship between women work force and labor market.

방사성 동위원소( 99m Tc)가 이중에너지 X-선 흡수계측법을 이용한 골밀도 검사에 미치는 영향

문영주(Young-Ju Moon),김정립(Jeong-Nip Kim),김인종(In-Jong Kim),전형진(Hyung-Jin Jeon) 대한영상의학기술학회 2018 대한영상의학기술학회 논문지 Vol.2018 No.1

목 적:본 연구의 목적은 골밀도 측정에 이용되는 척추 팬텀(spine phantom)을 사용하여 방사성 동위원소 ( 99m Tc)가 이중에너지 X-선 흡수계측법에 미치는 영향에 대하여 정량적으로 분석하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 실험은 이중에너지 X-선 골밀도 측정장비 Lunar aluminum spine phantom를 이용하여, 요추 L1~L4 골밀도를 측정하였다. 방사성 동위원소는 표지 하지 않은 99m Tc을 아크릴 물 팬텀(Acryl water phan-tom, 22 cm×17 cm×3 cm)에 0 MBq, 74 MBq, 185MBq, 370 MBq로 각각 주입하여 L1, L2, L3, L4, Total (L1-L4) 까지 분석된 골밀도 값 (단위:g/cm 2 )과 T-score의 값의 변화를 알아보았다. 결 과:Total의 골밀도 평균값은 0, 74, 185, 370 MBq 일 때 각각 1.120±0.02, 1.140±0.02, 1.140±0.02, 1.133±0.02 g/cm 2 으로 나타났으며, 모든 부위의 골밀도 값의 비교에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 발견하지 못하였다(F=0.441, p>0.05). Total의 T-score 평균값은 0, 74, 185, 370 MBq일 때 각각 -0.22±0.15, -0.08±0.19, -0.12±0.19, 0.02±0.29로 나타났으며, 모든 부위의 T-score의 비교에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 발견하지 못하였다(F=1.078, p>0.05). 결 론:방사성 동위원소( 99m Tc)는 이중에너지 X-선 흡수법을 이용한 골밀도 측정값에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 예기치 못한 상황으로 뼈 스캔을 위한 방사성 동위원소가 주입되었더라도 BMD검사자가 환자로부터 받을 수 있는 피폭에 대하여 충분한 방 호 대책을 세운다면 당일 BMD 검사의 병행이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 재 내원으로 인한 검사자 및 환자의 시간적·경제적 손실을 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose:The aim of this study is to quantitatively analyze the effects on whether the radioactive isotopes influence the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method using the spine phantom used for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Materials and Methods:The experiments were per-formed to measure the bone density of L1 to L4 using DEXA and lunar aluminum spine phantom. Radio-active isotopes with an unlabeled 99m Tc were injected into the acrylic water phantom (22cm×17 cm×3cm) from 0, 74, 185 and 370 MBq respectively, and were examined the change of the values of T-score and BMD (g/cm2 ) analyzed from L1 to L4. Result:The mean values for bone density in total were found to be 1.120±0.02, 1.140±0.02, 1.140±0.02, and 1.133±0.02 g/cm2 respectively, and no statistically significant differences were found for all regions (F=0.441, p>0.05). The mean values for T-score in total were obtained as -0.22±0.15, -0.08±0.19, -0.12±0.19 and 0.02±0.29 respectively, and no statistically meaningful difference was found for all region (F=1.078, p>0.05). Conclusion:Radioactive isotope( 99 mTc) is considered to have no effect on BMD using DEXA. Therefore it is thought to be possible to have a BMD examination on the same day if a sufficient guideline was set to protect technologist from the possible exposure for the case of radioactive isotope for bone scan was unexpectedly injected. It is also expected to minimize the time and economic loss for both technologist and patient from revisit intention in a hospital.

High-power lithium-ion capacitor using LiMnBO3 -nanobead anode and polyaniline-nanofiber cathode with excellent cycle life.

Karthikeyan, Kaliyappan,Amaresh, Samuthirapandian,Lee, Sol-Nip,An, Jae-Yeon,Lee, Yun-Sung Wiley-VCH 2014 ChemSusChem Vol.7 No.8

<P>LiMnBO3 nanobeads (LMB-NB) with uniform size and distribution were synthesized using a urea-assisted microwave/solvothermal method. The potential application of LMB-NBs as an anode for a lithium-ion hybrid capacitor (Li-AHC) was tested with a polyaniline-nanofiber (PANI-NF) cathode in a nonaqueous LiPF6 (1?M)-ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge (C/DC) studies revealed that the PANI-NF/LMB-NB cell showed an exceptional capacitance behavior between 0-3 V along with a prolonged cycle life. A discharge capacitance of about 125 F g(-1) , and energy and power densities of about 42 Wh kg(-1) and 1500 W kg(-1) , respectively, could be obtained at a current density of 1 A g(-1) ; those Li-AHC values are higher relative to cells containing various lithium intercalation materials in nonaqueous electrolytes. In addition, the PANI-NF/LMB-NB cell also had an outstanding rate performance with a capacitance of 54 F g(-1) and a power density of 3250 W kg(-1) at a current density of 2.25 A g(-1) and maintained 94% of its initial value after 30000 cycles. This improved capacitive performance with an excellent electrochemical stability could be the result of the morphological features and inherent conductive nature of the electroactive species.</P>

Construction of high-energy-density supercapacitors from pine-cone-derived high-surface-area carbons.

Karthikeyan, Kaliyappan,Amaresh, Samuthirapandiyan,Lee, Sol Nip,Sun, Xueliang,Aravindan, Vanchiappan,Lee, Young-Gi,Lee, Yun Sung Wiley-VCH 2014 ChemSusChem Vol.7 No.5

<P>Very high surface area activated carbons (AC) are synthesized from pine cone petals by a chemical activation process and subsequently evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications in a nonaqueous medium. The maximum specific surface area of 3950?m(2) ?g(-1) is noted for the material treated with a 1:5 ratio of KOH to pine cone petals (PCC5), which is much higher than that reported for carbonaceous materials derived from various other biomass precursors. A symmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with PCC5 electrodes, and the results showed enhanced supercapacitive behavior with the highest energy density of 61?Wh?kg(-1). Furthermore, outstanding cycling ability is evidenced for such a configuration, and 90?% of the initial specific capacitance after 20,000?cycles under harsh conditions was observed. This result revealed that the pine-cone-derived high-surface-area AC can be used effectively as a promising electrode material to construct high-energy-density supercapacitors.</P>

Fluorine-doped Fe(2)O(3) as high energy density electroactive material for hybrid supercapacitor applications.

Karthikeyan, Kaliyappan,Amaresh, Samuthirapandian,Lee, Sol Nip,Aravindan, Vanchiappan,Lee, Yun Sung Wiley-VCH 2014 Chemistry - An Asian Journal Vol.9 No.3

<P>Nanostructured α-Fe2 O3 with and without fluorine substitution were successfully obtained by a green route, that is, microwave irradiation. The hematite phase materials were evaluated as a high-performance electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor configuration along with activated carbon (AC). The presence of fluorine was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Fluorine-doped Fe2 O3 (F-Fe2 O3 ) exhibits an enhanced pseudocapacitive performance compared to that of the bare hematite phase. The F-Fe2 O3 /AC cell delivered a specific capacitance of 71?F?g(-1) at a current density of 2.25?A?g(-1) and retained approximately 90?% of its initial capacitance after 15?000?cycles. Furthermore, the F-Fe2 O3 /AC cell showed a very high energy density of about 28?W?h?kg(-1) compared to bare hematite phase (9?W?h?kg(-1) ). These data clearly reveal that the electrochemical performance of Fe2 O3 can be improved by fluorine doping, thereby dramatically improving the energy density of the system.</P>

유방암 환자 중 유관에서 발병되는 암의 종류(IDC와 DCIS)별 시간경과에 따른 SUVmax 변화에 대한 비교

형미진,김정립,문평수,김길환,Hyoung, Mi-Jin,Kim, Jeong Nip,Moon, Pyeong Soo,Kim, Kil Hwan 대한핵의학기술학회 2014 핵의학 기술 Vol.18 No.1

최근 유방암 환자의 급증은 여러 가지 통계로 보고되고 있다. 유방암의 발병부위는 크게는 유관, 소엽등으로 분류하고 그 중 85% 이상이 유관에서 발병되고 있다. 본 연구는 유관에서 발병되는 암의 종류를 분별하여 시간의 경과에 따라 변화되는 $SUV_{max}$의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 2012년 7월 1일부터 2013년 7월 22일까지 유방암 진단을 받고 본원 PET-CT센터를 방문한 여성 환자 291명을 대상으로 하였다. 병리학적 결과를 기준으로 IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) 환자 248명과 DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) 환자 43명을 선별하였다. 일반 PET-CT 검사와 동일한 방법(3.7 MBq/kg)으로 $F^{18}-FDG$를 주사 후 1시간 경과 후 1차 검사(routine 검사)를 진행하였고 또 한 번의 1HR 경과 후 2차 검사 (Delay검사)를 진행하였다. 2회 진행된 검사 Data를 토대로 하여 병소부위에 ROI를 설정하여 $SUV_{max}$를 측정하였다. IDC와 DCIS의 두집단의 병소 $SUV_{max}$의 변화를 비교 확인한 결과 IDC의 경우 $SUV_{max}$값이 1차 검사에서는 M=7.11, SD=5.405이고 2차 검사에서는 M=8.363, SD=6.624으로 상승(P<0.05)하였으며, DCIS의 경우 $SUV_{max}$는 1차 검사에서는M=2.739, SD=1.229이고 2차 검사에서는 M=2.614, SD=1.470으로 감소(P<0.05)하였다. 결 론: IDC와 DCIS의 시간에 따른 $SUV_{max}$의 결과를 비교해본 결과 IDC에서는 1차 검사(routine검사)보다 2차 검사(Delay검사)에서 $SUV_{max}$가 상승(P=0.000)함을 확인하였고 DCIS에서는 1차 검사(roution검사)보다 2차 검사(Delay검사)에서 $SUV_{max}$값이 감소(P=0.039)함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 유관에서 발병되는 유방암의 종류(IDC와 DCIS)별 시간경과에 따라 $SUV_{max}$의 변화가 발생함을 확인하였다. Purpose: The recent surge in breast carcinoma patients is reported in a variety of statistics. Breast cancer occurs mainly from duct and lobulus: 85% is from the breast ducts. The present study is aimed to distinguish the difference in $SUV_{max}$ changing over time by identifying the type of cancers attacking from the duct. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study are 291 female breast cancer patients who have visited the present PET/CT center from July 1, 2012 to July 23, 2013. Based on the pathological results, 248 IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) patients and 43 DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) patients were selected. In the same manner as the general PET/CT scan (3.7 MBq/Kg), F-FDG was injected, followed by the primary test (Routine tests) after 1 hr, and the secondary test (Delay test) after another hr. $SUV_{max}$ was measured after setting ROI in the lesion based on the data from the two tests. Results: As the comparative result of the change in the lesion $SUV_{max}$ between the two groups, IDC group's $SUV_{max}$ showed M=7.11 and SD=5.405 in the primary test and increased M=7.11 and SD=5.405 in the secondary test (P<0.05); DCIS group's $SUV_{max}$ showed M=2.739, SD=1.229 in the primary test and increased M=2.614, SD=1.470 in the secondary test (P<0.05). Conclusion: As the comparative result of $SUV_{max}$ over time between the groups, IDC showed increased $SUV_{max}$ in the secondary test (Delay test) compared to the primary test (Routine test) (P=0.000); DCIS showed decreased $SUV_{max}$ in the secondary test (Delay test) compared to the primary test (Routine test) (P=0.039). It was confirmed through this study that the change in $SUV_{max}$ has occurred over time by the type of breast cancer (IDC or DCIS) occurring from the breast ducts. However, the onset of breast cancers (ILC, LCIS) from the lobulus was not discussed due to the lack of samples. Future research on the breast cancers from the lobulus is suggested.

Adipic Acid Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Li_1+x(Mn_0.4Ni_0.4Fe_0.2)_1-xO₂ (0 < x < 0.3) as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Karthikeyan, Kaliyappan,Amaresh, Samuthirapandian,Son, Ju-Nam,Kim, Shin-Ho,Kim, Min-Chul,Kim, Kwang-Jin,Lee, Sol-Nip,Lee, Yun-Sung Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Layered $Li_{1+x}(Mn_{0.4}Ni_{0.4}Fe_{0.2})_{1-x}O_2$ (0 < x < 0.3) solid solutions were synthesized using solgel method with adipic acid as chelating agent. Structural and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. All powders had a phase-pure layered structure with $R\bar{3}m$ space group. The morphological studies confirmed that the size of the particles increased at higher x content. The charge-discharge profiles of the solid solution against lithium using 1 M $LiPF_6$ in EC/DMC as electrolyte revealed that the discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites. Among the cells, $Li_{1.2}(Mn_{0.32}Ni_{0.32}Fe_{0.16})O_2$ (x = 0.2)/$Li^+$ exhibits a good electrochemical property with maximum initial capacity of 160 $mAhg^{-1}$ between 2-4.5 V at 0.1 $mAcm^{-2}$ current density and the capacity retention after 25 cycles was 92%. Whereas, the cell fabricated with x = 0.3 sample showed continuous capacity fading due to the formation of spinel like structure during the subsequent cycling. The preparation of solid solutions based on $LiNiO_2-LiFeO_2-Li_2MnO_3$ has improved the properties of its end members.

Adipic Acid Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Li1+x(Mn0.4Ni0.4Fe0.2)1-xO2 (0 < x < 0.3) as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Kaliyappan Karthikeyan,Samuthirapandian Amaresh,Ju-Nam Son,Shin-Ho Kim,Min-Chul Kim,김광진,이윤성,Sol-Nip Lee 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.1

Layered Li1+x(Mn0.4Ni0.4Fe0.2)1-xO2 (0 < x < 0.3) solid solutions were synthesized using solgel method with adipic acid as chelating agent. Structural and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. All powders had a phase-pure layered structure with R3m space group. The morphological studies confirmed that the size of the particles increased at higher x content. The charge-discharge profiles of the solid solution against lithium using 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC as electrolyte revealed that the discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites. Among the cells, Li1.2(Mn0.32Ni0.32Fe0.16)O2 (x = 0.2)/ Li+ exhibits a good electrochemical property with maximum initial capacity of 160 mAhg−1 between 2-4.5 V at 0.1 mAcm−2 current density and the capacity retention after 25 cycles was 92%. Whereas, the cell fabricated with x = 0.3 sample showed continuous capacity fading due to the formation of spinel like structure during the subsequent cycling. The preparation of solid solutions based on LiNiO2-LiFeO2-Li2MnO3 has improved the properties of its end members.