Structure and Biological Activity of K(H₂O)L (L = 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate)

Guo, Ya-Ning,Zhang, Xue-Ling,Zhang, Zun-Ting Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.9

Potassium(I) with 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate (L) assembles to K($H_2O$)L (L = 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate). It was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, element analysis, IR and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1$/n and reveals a seven-coordinate complex. Polyhedra potassium chains, C-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}\pi$ and C-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O and O-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds lead K($H_2O$)L to a three-dimensional network structure. The biological activity of resistance to hypoxia was tested, and the results showed that the biological activity of resistance to hypoxia of K($H_2O$)L is as good as that of its precursor, irisolidone.

Two type III polyketide synthases from Polygonum cuspidatum: gene structure, evolutionary route and metabolites

Guo, Yan-Wu,Guo, Hui-Li,Li, Xing,Huang, Li-Li,Zhang, Bo-Ning,Pang, Xiao-Bin,Liu, Ben-Ye,Ma, Lan-Qing,Wang, Hong 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3

In our recent work (Ma et al., in Planta 229(3):457-469, 2009a and 229(4):1077-1086, 2009b), two three-intron type III PKS genes, PcPKS1 and PcPKS2, were isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Phylogenetic and functional analyses revealed PcPKS1 is a three-intron chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, and PcPKS2 is found to be a three-intron benzalacetone synthase (BAS) gene. The regular CHS encoded by a single intron gene have not been isolated and characterized from P. cuspidatum. In this work a further CHS with one intron (PcPKS3) and a stilbene synthase (STS) gene with three-intron (PcPKS5) were isolated and characterized by functional and phylogenetic analyses. In comparison with PcPKS1, a bifunctional enzyme with both CHS and BAS activity, the enzymatic product of recombinant PcPKS3 was naringenin, bis-noryangonin (BNY) and 4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone (CTAL) occurred as side products. The PcPKS5 synthesized resveratrol and a trace amount of naringenin from p-coumaroyl-CoA. To our knowledge, PcPKS5 is the first reported three-intron STS gene in flowering plants. In this work, we speculated that this involved a possible evolutionary route of plant-specific type III PKS superfamily in P. cuspidatum.

Two Androstane Derivatives from the Cultures of Fungus Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer

Ning-Ning Yang,Qing-Yun Ma,Sheng-Zhuo Huang,Hao-Fu Dai,Zhi-Kai Guo,Zhi-Fang Yu,You-Xing Zhao 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.11

A new androstane derivative, 4β-methyl-15-oxa-14β-androstane-7-ene-4α-carboxylic acid (1) and a known one 4β-methyl-15-oxa-14β-androstane-7-ene-4α-hydroxyl (2) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the cultures of the fungus Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as MS spectroscopic data analysis. The inhibitory activity of two isolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) revealed that compound 1 exhibited definitely inhibitory activity.

한국어 ‘따르다’와 중국어 ‘跟’의 문법화 양상 비교 연구

곽녕(Guo Ning),유현경(Yu Hyunkyung) 한글학회 2021 한글 Vol.- No.332

이 글에서는 ‘환유-은유’ 모형을 이용하여 ‘따르다’와 ‘跟’의 부사화와 조사(개사)화 과정을 비교⋅설명하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, ‘따르다’는 “‘이동’ 동사→‘수반’ 동사→‘근거’ 동사→‘근거’ 부사”의 문법화 과정을, ‘跟’은 “명사→‘이동’ 동사→‘수반’ 동사→‘시간적 선후’ 부사”의 문법화 과정을 거쳐 부사의 기능을 가지게 되었다. 또한, 조사(개사)화 과정을 살펴본 결과, ‘따르다’는 “‘이동’ 동사→‘시간적 경로’ 동사→‘그때에만 유독’ 보조사”라는 비교적 간단한 과정을 거친 반면, ‘跟’은 아래 두 가지 개사화 과정을 거쳐 여러 의미를 가지게 되었다. 하나는 “명사→‘이동’ 동사→‘수반’ 동사→‘동반’ 개사→‘협동’ 개사→‘관련’ 개사→‘비교’ 개사”이며, 다른 하나는 “명사→‘이동’ 동사→‘수반’ 동사→‘동반’ 개사→‘협동’개사→‘대상’ 개사→‘출처’ 개사”이다. 그중 ‘동반’ 개사 ‘跟’은 다시 병렬 접속사 ‘跟’을 파생시켰다. 이와 같은 ‘따르다’와 ‘跟’의 문법화 과정에서 문맥에 의한 재해석과 구조의 재분석이라는 환유적 기제가 중요한 역할을 하였다. This study compared and explained the grammaticalization of “ttaluta” and “gen” using the metonymic-metaphorical model. The results of the study were as follows. “ttaluta” functioned as a conjunctive adverb through the grammaticalization process of “locomotion” (verb) → “comitative” (verb) → “according to” (verb) → “consequence” (conjunctive adverb). “gen” became a conjunctive adverb through the grammaticalization process of noun → “locomotion” (verb) → “comitative” (verb) → “after” (conjunctive adverb). Furthermore, as a result of the adposition grammaticalization process, “ttaluta” went through a relatively simple process of “locomotion” (verb) → “temporal path” (verb) → “on this of all days” (postposition). “gen” has several meanings, so the following two grammaticalization processes were also identified. The first was noun → “locomotion” (verb) → “comitative” (verb) → “comitative” (preposition) → “co-agent” (preposition) → “association” (preposition) → “comparison” (preposition). The second was noun → “locomotion” (verb) → “comitative” (verb) → “comitative” (preposition) → “co-agent” (preposition) → “goal” (preposition) → “source” (preposition). The preposition “gen,” which indicates the comitative case, ultimately serves the function of a conjunction. The metonymic model played an important role in the grammaticalization processes of “ttaluta” and “gen.”

Two Androstane Derivatives from the Cultures of Fungus Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer

Yang, Ning-Ning,Ma, Qing-Yun,Huang, Sheng-Zhuo,Dai, Hao-Fu,Guo, Zhi-Kai,Yu, Zhi-Fang,Zhao, You-Xing Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.11

A new androstane derivative, $4{\beta}$-methyl-15-oxa-$14{\beta}$-androstane-7-ene-$4{\alpha}$-carboxylic acid (1) and a known one $4{\beta}$-methyl-15-oxa-$14{\beta}$-androstane-7-ene-$4{\alpha}$-hydroxyl (2) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the cultures of the fungus Marasmiellus ramealis (Bull.) Singer. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as MS spectroscopic data analysis. The inhibitory activity of two isolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) revealed that compound 1 exhibited definitely inhibitory activity.

China`s Strategies for Resolving the North Korean Nuclear Crisis

( Xin Ning Guo ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2006 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.11 No.2

Structure and Biological Activity of K(H2O)L (L = 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate)

Ya-Ning Guo,Xue-Ling Zhang,Zun-Ting Zhang* 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.9

Potassium(I) with 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate (L) assembles to K(H2O)L (L = 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone-3'-sulfonate). It was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, element analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n and reveals a seven-coordinate complex. Polyhedra potassium chains, C-H遜p and C-H遜O and O-H遜O hydrogen bonds lead K(H2O)L to a three-dimensional network structure. The biological activity of resistance to hypoxia was tested, and the results showed that the biological activity of resistance to hypoxia of K(H2O)L is as good as that of its precursor, irisolidone.

의문문에서 실현된 추측 표현 ‘-을까’, ‘-겠-’과 ‘-을 것 같-’의 의미적 차이

곽녕 ( Guo Ning ) 한국어의미학회 2022 한국어 의미학 Vol.75 No.-

The purpose of this paper was to clarify the semantic and distributive differences of ‘-을까’, ‘-겠-’, and ‘-을 것 같-’ in the general questions and rhetorical questions and to review the basic meaning of ‘-을까’. From the three different usage in the general questions between ‘-을까’, ‘-겠-’ and ‘-을 것 같-’ below, it can be seen that the basic meaning of ‘-을까’ is expressing ‘the speculation of speaker’. Firstly, only ‘-을까’ can be used in the context where ‘the unknown state of the speaker’ is emphasized, and only ‘-을 것 같-’ or ‘-겠-’ is used in the context where asking for ‘the speculation of listener’. Secondly, only ‘-을까’ can be used in the situations where the listener is well aware of the circumstance. Thirdly, when the speaker asks for the listener’s speculation of the proposition speaker knows, only ‘-을 것 같-’ or ‘-겠-’ can be used. And all of ‘-을까’, ‘-겠-’ and ‘-을 것 같-’ can be used in rhetorical questions, but it has been confirmed that ‘-겠-’ is the strongest and ‘-을까’ is the weakest in the terms of expressing the degree of the speaker's subjective thoughts. The stronger the speaker’s subjective thoughts are expressed, the weaker the expression of the listener’s speculations accordingly.

‘및’의 통사적 특성과 접속 양상에 대한 고찰

곽녕 ( Guo Ning ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2021 언어사실과 관점 Vol.52 No.-

This study aims at the structure of [NP1과 NP2], [NP1 및 NP2] in which both ‘와/과’ and ‘및’ can appear, and tries to reveal the syntactic properties and aspects of use of ‘및’ through comparing with ‘와/과’ based on corpus usage examples and internet data. The research results can be summarized as follows. Regarding the syntactic properties of ‘와/과’ and ‘및’, ‘와/과’ and ‘및’ can both connect nouns (phrases), but there is a difference in that ‘와/과’ can connect postpositional phrases, and ‘및’ can connect prenoun of ‘XX적’ or roots. Second, when the predicate has [+Reciprocity], ‘와/과’ is preferred over ‘및’. Finally, if ‘와/과’ and ‘및’ are used repeatedly when connecting three or more noun phrases, the sentence may become unnatural. Therefore, in this case, ‘와/과’ and ‘및’ often appear together. When noun phrases are connected equally, ‘및’ follows ‘와/과’. But When connecting noun phrases that are not semantically equivalent, ‘및’ is used more between the two noun phrases that are semantically closer regardless of location. On this occasion, it can be seen that the range of connection of ‘및’ is smaller than that of ‘와/과’. Finally, when the syntactic level of the ‘와/과’ noun phrase and the ‘및’ noun phrase are different, the sentence is natural even if the order of concatenation of ‘와/과’ and ‘및’ is reversed.

Meta-analysis of the Relation Between the VDR Gene TaqIpolymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer in Asian Populations

Guo, Ya-Jie,Shi, Ze-Ming,Liu, Jun-Da,Lei, Ning,Chen, Qiu-Hong,Tang, Ying Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Background: Polymorphisms of the Taq I gene have been associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods:We applied a fixed-effects model to combine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The Egger's test was carried out to evaluate potential publication bias. Results: A total of 10 case-control studies enrolling 1,141 prostate cancer patients and 1,685 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the T allele, the OR for the C allele was 0.81 (0.70-0.94). The ORs for CT and CC+CT genotypes were 0.86 (0.74-1.01) and 0.84 (0.73-0.97) compared to wide type genotype (homozygote TT). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that the TF gene Taq I polymorphism may reduce the prostate cancer risk in Asian populations.