EU Sanctions Regime: The Case of Iran

( Nilufer Karacasul ),( Irem Askar Karakir ) 한국국방연구원 2014 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.26 No.3

Although there is enormous discussion on normative power Europe, there is relativelyless focus on the EU sanctions regime, though sanctions have become a useful foreign policy tool as the EU has applied sanctions within the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Looking at the literature, Kreutz focused on the EU sanctions regime in the time period of 1981-2004, during which sanctions were used to accomplish normative goals. Yet, later on Brummer argued that although norms and values still play a role in the EU’s sanctions regime, more often they were surpassed by security and economic interests. This article examines the previous work on the EU sanctions regime and tries to comprehend why the use of sanctions has increased over time as well as whether they have been “selectively” used. In addition, the article analyzes whether the normative commitment is crucial in the construction of the EU sanctions regime. The EU sanctions regime toward Iran is analyzed in particular, because as indicated by Santini and Tabrizi, Iran is the first country against which the EU has developed a new strategy out of weapons of mass destruction concerns, starting in 2006. Since 2010, EU foreign ministers have adopted tougher sanctions in an effort to block its controversial nuclear program. Recently, the Iran nuclear deal of November 2013 was interpreted as attributable to sanctions against Iran, in which EU sanctions have constituted a remarkable role, have proven effective.

Oil transportation security in the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits

Nilufer Oral 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2007 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.5 No.1

Goldenhar's Syndrome (Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Dysplasia) with Congenital Facial Nerve Palsy

Nilufer Berker,Golge Acaroglu,Emel Soykan 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.1

Goldenhar's Syndrome (oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia) is a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies that involves structures arising from the first and second branchial arches. In this report, a case of a male infant, with the features of hemi facial microsomia, anotia, vertebral anomalies, congenital facial nerve palsy and lagophthalmos is described. Although the syndrome itself is not uncommon, the presence of congenital facial nerve palsy, which has been reported in rare cases, prompted this case report.

Comparison of Spectrophotometric, HPLC and Chemiluminescence Methods for 3-Nitrotyrosine and Peroxynitrite Interaction

Nilufer Nermin Turan,Mustafa Ark,Abdullah Tuncay Demiryurek 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.3

We have studied the interaction of 3-nitrotyrosine with peroxynitrite using three different methods; chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry and HPLC. Peroxynitrite-induced luminol or lucigenin chemiluminescence were significantly decreased by 3-nitrotyrosine, in concentrationdependent manners. The intensity of the peroxynitrite spectrum was also markedly reduced in the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine in the spectrophometric assay. However, there was no attenuation of the 3-nitrotyrosine signal in the HPLC assay after mixing with peroxynitrite. The interaction of 3-nitrotyrosine and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was also studied via the hemiluminescence assay, where the HOCl-induced responses were markedly inhibited by 3-nitrotyrosine. These results suggest that caution should be taken when studying the levels or interactions of 3-nitrotyrosine.

Indocyanine green angiography of retinal astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis

Nilufer Koak,Ali Osman Saatci,Suleyman Kaynak,Mehmet Hilmi Ergin,Guray Cray Ingil 대한안과학회 2003 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.17 No.2

As small astrocytic hamartomas can sometimes be missed during routine ophthalmoscopy in patients with tuberous sclerosis, fluorescein and/-or indocyanine green angiography maybe more helpful in identifying such small astrocytomas. In fluorescein angiography, astrocytomas show gradually increasing hyperfluorescence due to the vascular permeability of astrocytomas. In indocyanine green angiography, astrocytomas appear hypocyanescent, most prominently during the late phases. We report the indocyanine green angiographic findings of retinal astrocytomas in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

Market Structure, Excess Returns in the Foreign Exchange Market and Deviations from Uncovered Interest Parity

Nilufer Ozdemir 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.4

This paper contributes to the uncovered interest parity literature by analyzing the role of financial market concentration in determining deviations from the uncovered interest parity condition. The theoretical section of the paper demonstrates that countries with concentrated financial markets will increase their welfare by discouraging financial flows through their manipulation of domestic interest rates. The empirical results support this finding and indicate that the correlation between financial flows and excess returns changes when the concentration ratio is above 0.68. This article suggests that the recent increases in banking sector concentrations around the world are likely to limit international financial flows and this will have welfare implications in countries with concentrated and competitive financial markets.

Evaluation of dietary quality of adolescents using Healthy Eating Index

Nilufer Acar Tek,Hilal Yildiran,Gamze Akbulut,Saniye Bilici,Eda Koksal,Makbule Gezmen Karadag,Nevin Sanlıer 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.4

The aim of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to assess diet quality and determine the relationship between the HEI-2005 and the energy and nutrient intakes of adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,104 healthy adolescents, mean age of 15.8 ± 1.24 years. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the HEI-2005. Diet quality scores ranged from 23.7 to 77.5. The mean score was found to be 51.5 ± 9.07 according to the HEI-2005. There were no differences according to gender; 42.8% had a poor diet and 57.2% had a diet that needs improvement. No subjects had a “good diet”. Lower mean subgroup scores were found for whole grains, total vegetables, total fruits, dairy products, and meat and beans. Fruits and vegetables scores were significantly high in girls, whereas sodium, oil, and meat and beans scores were significantly high in boys. Total HEI-2005 scores were increasingly associated with parental education level when age and gender were adjusted. There was a negative correlation between HEI-2005 scores and age, total energy intake, and fat intake. Positive correlation was only observed in the HEI-2005 scores for protein and dietary fibre intakes. Consequently, the overall diet quality and nutritional habits of Turkish adolescents need modification and improvement. In the family, measures should be initiated by the government, including advertisements and campaigns.

Attitudes of the International Community toward Iran's Nuclear Puzzle

Zehra Nilufer Karacasulu,Irem askar Karakir 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2008 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.15 No.2

This article aims to interrogate the attitudes of the US, the EU/EU-3, Russia and China, on Iran's nuclear programme. The underlying question is whether there can be a consensus in the international community for a comprehensive settlement. In trying to provide answer to this question first, the article briefly reviews Iranian motives and foreign assistance in the development of Iran's nuclear programme. Secondly, focusing separately on the US, the EU/EU-3, Russia and China, a comparative analysis is employed for delineating similarities and differences in their attitudes and concerns since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. This article arrived at a tentative conclusion on the basis that the debate is likely to continue, as there is no common attitude toward Iran's nuclear puzzle in the international community.

Novel Hydrophilic Taxane Analogues inhibit Growth of Cancer Cells

Fauzee, Nilufer Jasmine Selimah,Wang, Ya-Lan,Dong, Zhi,Li, Qian-Ge,Wang, Tao,Mandarry, Muhammad Tasleem,Lu, Xu,Juan, Pan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

In our era there has been several anti-cancer drugs which have undergone both experimental and clinical trials; however, due to their poor solubilities, numerous side effects, insufficient bioavailability and poor compliance, many have resulted into poor outcomes. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of novel hydrophilic taxanes analogues CQMU-0517 and CQMU-0519 on growth of A549 lung, SKVO3 ovary and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines. Different concentrations of original paclitaxel, CQMU-0517, original docetaxel and CQMU-0519 were utilized on three cell lines, where cell growth was assessed using cell culture kit-8 and flow cytometry analysis. The results unveiled that CQMU-0517 and CQMU-0519 suppressed cell growth in the three particular cell lines, cell cycle arrest being evident in the G2/M phase. Hence, the results showed that these new taxane analogues have potential and warrant future clinical trials.

Oil transportation security in the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits

Oral, Nilufer Jungseok Research Institute of International Logis 2007 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.5 No.1

The Black Sea region has become as an important energy transit route for Caspian and Russian oil and natural gas to western markets. Since 1996 the quantity of oil exported from the Black Sea through the Turkish Straits and the number of transiting tankers has doubled and will continue to expand. However, these are also two waterways where the risk of either an accidental or intentional disaster is significant bringing serious repercussions for energy supply security. This paper will analyze measures taken by Black Sea coastal States to provide for secure ports and shipping against accidental and intentional disasters. The paper will examine the role of technology, such as satellite based VTS providers in the Black Sea, implementation of the ISPS Code, the role of the relatively new BlackSeaFor in providing both port and navigational security. The paper will further make recommendations for further improvements for enhancement of security emergency response planning. In addition, the paper will examine current security measures taken by the Turkish Administration for oil transportation through the Turkish Straits.