Neuropharmacological assessment of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome in experimental animal models

Karmakar, Indrajit,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bhattacharya, Sanjib,Haldar, Pallab K. 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome (MECC) for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome, demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome in India.

Scavenging activity of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Karmakar, Indrajit,Dolai, Narayan,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bala, Asis,Haldar, Pallab Kanti 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ (MECC) rhizome for some $in$ $vitro$ antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different $in$ $vitro$ methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ values for scavenging of free radicals were $94.03{\pm}0.67{\mu}g/ml$, $155.59{\pm}3.03{\mu}g/ml$, $68.10{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/ml$, $21.07{\pm}1.78{\mu}g/ml$, $260.56{\pm}12.65{\mu}g/ml$ and $33.33{\pm}0.52{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 ${\mu}g$ of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Neuropharmacological assessment of Curcuma caesia rhizome in experimental animal models

Indrajit Karmakar,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Sanjib Bhattacharya,Pallab K. Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome (MECC)for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight)was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of C. caesia rhizome,demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of C. caesia rhizome in India.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of Damtab in healthy adultmale volunteers

Pratap Kumar Sahu,AK Najmi,KK Pillai,Nilanjan Saha,Manju Sharma 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2007 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.7 No.2

The objectives of the study were (1) To evaluate the safety and tolerability of Damtab. (2) To characterize hypoglycemic effect of Damtab, if any. (3) To evaluate insulin sensitivity effect of Damtab, if any. Hypoglycemic effect of Damtab (700 mg and 1,400 mg) were examined. Gliclazide (80 mg) was used as an active control. Placebo was used as control. Breakfast was given, half an hour before dosing whereas lunch, snacks and dinner were given at 6, 10 and 14 h post dose. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to calculate the insulin sensitivity index from the values of glucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test. Both giclazide 80 mg and Damtab 1,400 mg significantly lowered plasma glucose level up to 6 h. Insulin sensitivity index of Damtab (1,400 mg) was found to be similar to that of placebo. A significant increase in insulin level at 1 h post dose of Damtab (1,400 mg) was observed. Damtab 700 mg shows placebo like effect whereas Damtab 1,400 mg possesses hypoglycemic effect.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of Damtab in healthy adult male volunteers

Sahu, Pratap Kumar,Pillai, KK,Saha, Nilanjan,Sharma, Manju,Najmi, AK Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.2

The objectives of the study were (1) To evaluate the safety and tolerability of Damtab. (2) To characterize hypoglycemic effect of Damtab, if any. (3) To evaluate insulin sensitivity effect of Damtab, if any. Hypoglycemic effect of Damtab (700 mg and 1,400 mg) were examined. Gliclazide (80 mg) was used as an active control. Placebo was used as control. Breakfast was given, half an hour before dosing whereas lunch, snacks and dinner were given at 6, 10 and 14 h post dose. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to calculate the insulin sensitivity index from the values of glucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test. Both giclazide 80 mg and Damtab 1,400 mg significantly lowered plasma glucose level up to 6 h. Insulin sensitivity index of Damtab (1,400 mg) was found to be similar to that of placebo. A significant increase in insulin level at 1 h post dose of Damtab (1,400 mg) was observed. Damtab 700 mg shows placebo like effect whereas Damtab 1,400 mg possesses hypoglycemic effect.

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Indrajit Karmakar,Narayan Dolai,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Asis Bala,Pallab Kanti Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia (MECC) rhizome for some in vitro antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different in vitro methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide,peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation,total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The IC_(50) values for scavenging of free radicals were 94.03±0.67 μg/ml, 155.59±3.03 μg/ml,68.10±1.24 μg/ml, 21.07±1.78 μg/ml, 260.56±12.65 μg/ml and 33.33±0.52 μg/ml for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide,hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 μg of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.