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청소년들의 이종격투기에 대한 미디어 시청동기가 시청태도와 행동에 미치는 영향
공성배(Seong Bae Kong),성낙훈(Nak Hun Seong),배상일(Sang Il Bae),방환복(Whan Bog Bang),이원희(Won Hi Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teenagers` viewing motivation of the mixed martial arts program on viewing attitude and viewing behavior. For this study, teenagers who have seen the mixed martial arts program in Sung-nam and Young-in City were selected as the population. Then, 336 teenagers chosen by systematic stratified cluster random sampling were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Multiple Regression were conducted by SPSS Window 12.0. The results were as follows:First, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the gender. Second, there were no statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the school years. Third, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing time. Fourth, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing period. Fifth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing attitude and explains 69.2%(R2=.268) of the variance. Vicarious satisfaction, entertainment pursuit motivation, time consuming motivation, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing attitude in the order. Sixth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing behavior and explains 69.3%(R2=.268) of the variance. Time consuming motivation, entertainment pursuit motivation, vicarious satisfaction, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing behavior in the order. However, information pursuit motivation have significantly a negative effect on viewing behavior.
Four-channel single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a snake retractor
Nak Song Sung,In Seok Choi,Ju Ik Moon,Yu Mi Ra,Sang Eok Lee,Won Jun Choi 대한외과학회 2014 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.87 No.2
Purpose: Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) is a widely used method of performing cholecystectomy. A common technique used in SILC is a 3-channel method. However, exposure of Calot’s triangle is limited in conventional 3-channel SILC. Therefore, we herein report the adequacy and feasibility of 4-channel SILC using a snake retractor. Methods: Four hundred and fifteen SILC cases were performed between April 2010 and February 2013. We performed 326 SILC cases between April 2010 and September 2012 using the 3-channel method. We introduced a snake retractor for liver traction in October 2012, and 89 cases of 4-channel SILC using snake retractor have been performed since. Results: Thirty patients (9.2%) in the 3-channel SILC group, and 23 patients (25.8%) in the 4-channel SILC group, were treated with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage insertion because of acute inflammation of the gallbladder (GB) before operation (P < 0.001). The mean operating time was 53.0 ± 25.8 minutes in the 3-channel SILC group and 51.9 ± 18.6 minutes in the 4-channel SILC group (P = 0.709). In the 3-channel SILC group, mean hospital stay was 3.0 ± 3.3 days whereas it was 2.6 ± 0.9 days in the 4-channel SILC group (P = 0.043). There were a total 9 cases (2.1%) of additional port usages, 6 cases (1.8%) in the 3-channel SILC group and 3 cases (3.4%) in the 4-channel SILC group (P = 0.411), due to cystic artery bleeding and bile leakage from gallbladder bed, but there were no open conversions. Conclusion: Benign diseases of the GB can be operated on using SILC with the 4-channel method using a snake retractor.
Sung Gon Kim,Ju Ik Moon,In Seok Choi,Sang Eok Lee,Nak Song Sung,Ki Won Chun,Hye Yoon Lee,Dae Sung Yoon,Won Jun Choi 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.90 No.6
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for conversion to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) in single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) along with the proposal for procedure selection guidelines in treating patients with benign gallbladder (GB) diseases. Methods: SILC was performed in 697 cases between April 2010 and July 2014. Seventeen cases (2.4%) underwent conversion to conventional LC. We compared these 2 groups and analyzed the risk factors for conversion to CLC. Results: In univariate analysis, American Society of Anesthesiologist score > 3, preoperative percutaneous transhepatic GB drainage status and pathology (acute cholecystitis or GB empyema) were significant risk factors for conversion (P = 0.010, P = 0.019 and P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, pathology (acute cholecystitis or GB empyema) was significant risk factors for conversion to CLC in SILC (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although SILC is a feasible method for most patients with benign GB disease, CLC has to be considered in patients with acute cholecystitis or GB empyema because it is likely to result in inadequate visualization of the Calot’s triangle and greater bleeding risk.
( Nak Won Kwak ),( Young Sik Park ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Sung Soo Park ),( Deog Kyeom Kim ),( Hee Soon Chung ),( Eun Young Heo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.-
Background: Lung cancer has been known to recur frequently even after complete resection. The impact of genetic alteration on tumor recurrence, especially in early stage lung cancer, has been debated. The aim of this study is to find the effect of genetic alteration on recurrence in patients with resected stage I lung cancer. Methods: The stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgical resection at Seoul National University Hospital between Jan 2007 and Dec 2011 were included. The time to lung cancer recurrence from the date of surgery was evaluated and hazard ratio (HR) for lung cancer recurrence was compared according to EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement using Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Among a total of 410 patients, 181 patients (44.1%) had EGFR mutation and 10 patients (2.4%) had ALK rearrangement. During follow-up period (median 38.1 months), lung cancers recurred in 89 patients (21.7%) and median time to recurrence was 19.1 months (range, 0.8-71.2). Among 181 patients who had EGFR mutation, lung cancers recurred in 38 patients (21.0%). Meanwhile, among 229 patients who didn’t have EGFR mutation, lung cancers recurred in 51 patients (22.3%). Of 10 patients having ALK rearrangement, 3 patients (30.0%) had lung cancer recurrence. Among 230 patients who had not rearrangement, lung cancers recurred in 50 patients (21.7%). EGFR mutation (adjusted HR 1.08, p=0.730) and ALK rearrangement (adjusted HR 1.01, p=0.995) did not affect the risk of lung cancer recurrence. However, sublobar resection, lymphovascular invasion and larger tumor size increased the risk of lung cancer recurrence irrespective of genetic alteration. Conclusions: The risk of recurrence in patients with resected early stage lung cancer was not significantly different according to genetic alterations such as EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement.
Groundwater Flow Modeling in a Block-Scale Fractured Rocks considering the Fractured Zones
Nak-Youl Ko,Sung-Hoon Ji,Yong-Kwon Koh,Jon-Won Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2010 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.8 No.2
핀란드 Okiluoto 섬 중앙부에 방사성폐기물 처분장으로 예정된 부지에서 블록 규모 지하수 유동 모의를 수행하였다. 현장에 설치된 심부 관측공에서 관찰된 단열대에 관한 자료를 이용하여 단열망을 구성하였다. 이 단열망을 이용하여 3차원 유한 요소 격자망의 수리전도도장를 생성하고, 이를 지하수 유동 모의에 이용하였다. 현장에서 이루어진 양수시험 전과 후에 심부 관측공에서 측정된 수위와 구간별 유입, 유출량을 이용하여 시추공과 교차하는 단열대의 투수량계수와 부지의 함양률을 조절하며 지하수 유동 모형을 보정하였다. 양수 시험 전과 후를 순차적으로 보정해가며 모의한 결과, 보정된 지하수 유동 모형으로 계산한 지하수위는 관측 자료와 비교적 일치하지만, 관측공에서의 지하수 유입, 유출량은 상당한 차이를 보이는 구간도 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이런 불일치는 지하수 유동로가 될 수 있는 구조가 지하수 유동 모의를 위한 개념모형에 충분히 반영되지 않아 생기는 것으로 생각되며, 이에 배경단열과 같은 국지적인 유동로 구조가 개념모형에 반영되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.
( Nak Won Kwak ),( Sung Jun Ko ),( Joo Hae Kim ),( Won Bae ),( Ha Youn Lee ),( Yong Suk Jo ),( Eun Young Heo ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Pulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign tumor of lung. However, the cases of pulmonary hamartoma containing mesenchymal tissue are rare. Here, we report a case of pulmonary hamartoma having the feature of angiomyolipoma. A 62-year-old woman presented with dry cough and dyspnea. Chest CT was performed and 0.5 cm sized nodule having cavity was detected. Empirical antibiotics were prescribed for 2 weeks and chest CT was reevaluated. However, the nodule remained stationary and eventually video assisted thoracoscopic biopsy was done. In pathologic specimen, well differentiated fat, muscle, and vascular tissues were observed. However, HMB-45, that is known as specific marker of angiomyolipoma, was not stained. Thus, the patient was diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma having the feature of angiomyolipoma.