노인 전문 병원의 건축 계획에 관한 연구

양내원 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1994 공학기술논문집 Vol.3 No.1

This study was performed to describe the architectural characteristics of the hospital planning for the aged and to take the advantage of the competitive planning of the Seoul National University hospital. It is a master plan for the utilization of the site regarding the main principle planning. Therefore, this study aims to the genernal difference between the hospital for the aged and the general hospital. The further study must be provided in cooperation with other professional area of facility, manpower, and management system in the furture.

流動層上에서木屑의 熱分解에 官한 硏究

朴來正,姜元萬 弘益大學校 1981 弘大論叢 Vol.13 No.-

Sawdust from timber mills, as one of the solid organic wastes, was pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed. Satisfactory fluidization was achieved with a 3 cm layer of -7 +14 mesh silica on 150 mesh brass screen as a distributer. Screen packing did not prevent the slugging phenomena but rather made the fluidity worse. The minimum fluidization velocity(Umf) of the sawdust was lowered as carbonization proceeded. Accordingly, the input rate of nitrogen gas was controlled considering the lowering of Umf along with the gas expansion due to heating under the fluidization conditions. Sawdust was pyrolyzed at 400℃, 600℃, and 800℃, respectively, and condensible pyrolytic products were collected in various cooling traps; air cooling, ice water cooling, and dry ice-acetone cooling. On the average, 36.7% of tar products, 26.3% of carbonized residue, 1.8% of volatile liquid, and 35.5% of non-condensible gases were produced. The higher the pyrolytic temperature, the less carbonized residue and tar products were produced. Ⅰ. 緖 論 Ⅱ. 實驗材料 및 方法 1. 材 料 2. 熱分解 裝置 3. 捕集裝置 4. 熱分解操作 및 條件 Ⅲ. 實驗結果 및 考察 1. 流動層操作의 裝置 및 條件의 設定 2. 熱分解 生成物의 捕集量 Ⅳ. 結 論

국내 종합병원 리모델링 사례 : 강북 삼성병원 Kangbuk Samsung Hospital

양내원 한국의료복지시설학회 2001 한국의료복지시설학회 국제학술심포지엄 Vol.- No.5

Korea currently faces a new era of remodeling in hostpital architecture. The findings through this research are as follows: 1) The Korean general hospitals' construction volume has risen 210% since last 25 years. It was therefore suggested that a systematic responses against this high rate of volume must be provided for hospitals built in 1970's and 1980's. Impromptu responses disregarding overall functional recovery might be an interesting factor in remodeling. 2) In hospital extension and reconstructions, each methods must be set up according to the different characteristics of areas such as ward areas, outpatient areas, diagnosis/treatment areas, supply areas, administration areas, education/research areas, miscellaneous areas. According to department's characteristics, different remodeling strategy must be established. 3) The case of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital shows that most difficult departments for area correspondence are diagnosis/treatment areas and supply areas. The remodeling for other departments such as the ward areas, the outpatient areas, lobby areas, etc., the new definition of patients rather than area provision is considered to be more important. And new creative suggestions are required. 4) The hospitals' expansion cycle differs significantly from each other depending on the allowance area at erection time. In case of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, area at the planning stage the allowance area was not enough planned at the planning stage. so, it caused the frequent department relocation and interior remodeling and resulted an increased remodeling time and cost. 5) The research suggests that it is ideal to expand the area in connection with the existing department. In case of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, the expansion was made by the surrounding annex buildings around the existing buildings. The type of expansion minimally affects the construction process the natural light, and the easy provision of sufficient areas at the same time; however, it cases the problems of functional relocation due to the department change and the internal modification. Korea hospital now enters the new era of remodeling from that of new construction. This is the architectural planning study to examine the changes and the problems associated with the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital after the construction and to provide the functional recovery of the hospital. It is suggested that the comprehensive hospital remodeling study in the aspects of structure, construction, HVAC, construction management is very urgent in the future.

牛糞 添加가 産卵鷄의 成長과 初産卵 日齡, 初産卵時분重 및 初産卵重에 미치는 影響

李澤遠,金乃壽 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1987 農業科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

In order to investigate the proper rate of addition of dehydrated cattle manure (DCM) to chicks feed, 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of DCM were added to basal feed. These feeds were used to the pullets from one day old to the begining of laying. The results obtained were as follows; 1.No significant differences were detected among the lots in weight gain, the amount of feed intake and feed efficiency until 12 weeks. However a tendency was shown, i.e. the weight gain was redused as the rate of DCM was increased in the feed. 2.The age when 80% of pullets began to lay was 154 days old in the control lot. As the rate of DCM was increased in the feed, the age of laying was retarded (p<0.05). The body weight at the begining of laying also showed diffrences among lots (p<0.01), even though no tendency was detected in accordance with the content of DCM in the feed. However, heavier eggs were produced at the begining of laying, as the rate of DCM in the feed increased. The differences of weight of eggs among lots were not statiscal significance. 3.According to the above results it would be concluded that DCM could be added up to 5% until 12 weeks as grower feed for laying young chicks but not be added any amount in the pullet feed after 12 weeks of age.

여러가지 溫度 및 媒條件下에서 셀룰로로오스의 熱分解時 非凝縮性가스의 成分組成에 關한 硏究

朴來正,姜元萬 弘益大學校 1978 弘大論叢 Vol.10 No.-

The production of non-condensible gases obtained from flash pyrolysis of cellulosic materials at different temperatures and with adid-base catalysts were investigated and the results were as follows. 1. When the sawdust was pyrolyzed below 300℃, major non-condensible gases were CO₂ and H₂O, producing little flammable gases. 2. Pyrolysis above 400℃ produced flammable gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene, propylene, and propane. 3. The amount of non-condensible gases was plotted against temperatures from 400℃ to 700℃ at 100degree interval. The amount of the gases increases exponentially with temperatures. 4. The acid catalysts such as phosphoric acid and zinc chloride significantly reduced the production of flammable gases, but increased production of carbon dioxide. However, a phosphoric acid catalyst showed some increase in methane production. 5. A base catalyst, calcium carbonate markedly increased the production of flammable gases, in particular, production of carbon monoxide.

第五次 敎育課程에 의한 地球科學 敎科書의 實驗內容 分析 硏究

崔錫源,張來喆 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1989 과학교육연구 Vol.21 No.1

The aim of this study is preparing materials to induce Earth Science teachers to instruct their students through research method. The method used in this paper is to analyze and compare the contents of the experimental parts in highschool Earth science textbooks in 5th curriculum which will be published in 1990 in Korea. This specific procedure is as follows; 1) To compare the number of experiments adopted in every textbooks(the number of experiments in each textbook and in chapters of every textbook). 2) To find out the errors by making each experiment in the every textbook. 3) To grope for new effective experimental methods. The result of the study is as follows; 1) The number of the kinds of experiments is 67 in 2nd volume of Science 1 and 45 in Earth Science. 2) The contents of experiments in every textbook are from one another. 3) The disposition of the experiments in every chapter is unbalanced. 4) Sixty percent of the total number of experiments is adopted in only one textbook. 5) The number of experiments that need to be correct is 23 percent in Earth science while 18 percent in the 2nd volume of Science 1.

농촌지역 사회적기업의 성과 평가와 지원방안

오내원(Nae-Won Oh),김창호(Chang-Ho Kim),권인혜(In-Hey Kwon),오세익 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

최근 사회적기업에 대한 관심이 증대하는 가운데 기업으로서의 지속가능성에 우려가 제기되고 있다. 그러나 사회적기업의 지속가능성은 일반 기업과는 달리 평가되어야 한다. 사회적기업에 대한 경영 성과는 해당 기업들이 이룬 사회적 파급효과도 포함되어야 하기 때문이다. 설문조사 결과 농촌지역 사회적기업은 대체로 경영수지 균형을 이루고 있는 것으로 나타났다(90.3%가 흑자 또는 수지균형). 총수입액으로 본 농촌 사회적기업의 경영규모는 평균 4억 4,000만 원 정도로 작은 편이었다. 총 수입액 중 영업수익(매출액)의 비중으로 계산되는 재정자립도는 평균 70%대로 예상보다 높았고 외국과 비교해도 낮은 수준은 아닌 것으로 판단되었다. 그렇지만 30%를 차지하는 외부지원은 대부분 정부지원으로 충당되고 있으며 사회적 기부나 모기관의 지원 비중은 매우 낮았다. 정부지원에 대한 높은 의존도는 정책 변화에 따라 사회적기업의 지속가능성에 문제를 발생시킬 가능성이 큰 것으로 보인다. 농촌지역 사회적기업의 평균 고용규모는 22.5명이고 이 중 절반 정도가 취약계층인 것으로 나타나, 고용창출과 노동통합에도 상당히 기여하고 있다. 총수입 1억 원당 종사자 수가 5명으로 일반 기업에 비해 높은데, 이런 고용효과에도 불구하고 정부에서 지원하는 사회적일자리 창출사업의 지원기간이 1년마다 결정되는 등 사회적기업의 고용이 오히려 경영 불안정 요소로 작용하고 있기도 하다. 사회적기업의 경영 애로와 관련해서는 투자 확대의 어려움, 불리한 시장조건이 가장 큰 문제로 확인되었다. 대체로 사회적기업의 수익성이 취약해 자체 자금조달이 어렵고 외부적으로도 낮은 사업성 평가와 담보력 부족으로 금융기관에 대한 접근이 쉽지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또 농촌 사회적기업은 자본과 기술의 부족, 저효율 노동력, 구매력이 부족한 고객, 농촌의 열악한 산업인프라 등 시장에서 경쟁력을 갖기에 불리한 조건이 많은 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 점을 고려할 때 농촌지역 사회적기업에 대한 경제적 지원 방향은 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다. 먼저 정부의 독점적인 인증제도를 본원적인 사회적기업의 의미와 실천을 훼손하지 않도록 개선해야 한다. 아울러 농촌지역에서 발견되는 다양한 자발적 노력들을 사회적 목적활동으로 인정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 사회적기업에 대한 지원도 획일적인 인건비 지원보다는 구체적인 활동내용과 경영상의 애로점에 대응하여 차별적으로 주어져야 한다. 특히 관계 부처들의 사업들과 연계하여 사회적기업에 대한 투자를 지원할 수 있어야 하며, 사회적 투자기금을 조성해 금융조달에 대한 숨통을 틀 수 있도록 지원해야 한다. 농촌지역 사회적기업의 취약한 시장경쟁력을 보완해 줄 수 있는 보호시장의 제공, 바우처사업 등에 대한 참여 실적 등을 평가하여 경제적 보상으로 되돌려 주는 방안도 적극 모색되어야 한다. 셋째, 농촌지역 현실과 특성에 적합한 사업모델을 개발하고 보급해야 한다. 특히 농업 생산?유통?가공 사업에의 진출이 중요한데 시장경쟁이 심해짐에 따라 위험도가 높다. 따라서 지역 내의 인적?물적 연계를 활용한 사업모델 구축이 핵심과제이다. 문화예술활동은 당장은 수익구조를 맞추기 어렵지만 삶의 질 향상과 지역경쟁력의 원천이란 점에서 보호된 시장을 전제로 다양한 사업모델을 구상할 수 있을 것이다. Recently, while our concern about the social enterprise has grown, the anxiety of its sustainability has raised. However, the sustainability must be evaluated differently from general enterprises, because its social effects should be included in the social enterprise"s performance. The result of survey shows that business performances of social enterprises located in rural areas are generally balanced in terms of profit and cost. Their business volumes in terms of revenue are quite small by 440 million won. Their financial independency rate reached about 70 percent. This figure is over our expectation and is not low compared to foreign enterprises. Thirty percent of supports come from government supports and the weight of donation and mother body support is very low. The high level of government support can cause problems in the sustainability according to the change of government policies. The average number of employee of social enterprises is 22.5 persons. About the half of them comes from the vulnerable class. This fact shows that social enterprises contribute to the generation of employment and labor integration. Even though five persons of employee per 100 million won of revenue is higher than general business, the government policy for employment generation may have an effect on the unstability of business. We confirmed that the lower level of investment and the disadvantage of market conditions are difficulty in social enterprise business of rural areas. They cannot mobilize investments because of low profits and cannot easily approach to the financial institutes due to the lower level of security and profitability. Also, they have many disadvantages such as the lacks of capital and technology, inefficient labor, customers with low purchasing power, and the weak industrial infrastructures. Under these unfavorable conditions, we suggest several alternatives to support social enterprises in rural areas. First, government monopolistic certification system need to be modified in order not to damage the intrinsic meaning and practice of the social enterprise. Various voluntary efforts happening in the rural areas are needed to be admitted as a social goal directed activities. Second, government support should be provided differently according to substantial activities and business difficulties, not uniformed labor cost. Included are investment support connected with government departments" programs, the generation of funds, affirmative action of supplementing markets and etc. Third, business model should be developed and provided appropriate to the realistic characteristics of rural areas. The entry into agricultural production, distribution and processing is very important. However, it is very risky due to competitiveness. The core task is to build business model in connection with regional persennel and materials. The cultural arts activities would be a good business model in term of the quality of life and strong regional competitiveness.

AdaBoost-GRU 앙상블 모형을 이용한 금융 시계열 예측

곽내원(Nae Won Kwak),임동훈(Dong Hoon Lim) 한국데이터정보과학회 2021 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

일반적으로 금융 시계열 (financial time series) 예측은 비선형성 (non-linearity)과 불규칙성(irregularity)으로 인해 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 금융 시계열 예측을 위해 AdaBoost 알고리즘과 GRU 모형을 결합한 하이브리드 앙상블 학습 방법 (hybrid ensemble learning approach)을 제안하고자 한다. 여기서 GRU 모형은 LSTM (long short term memory) 모형과 함께 시계열 예측에 널리 사용되는 RNN (recurrent neural network)의 변형 모형이다. 우리는 KOSPI 데이터와 원/달러 환율과 같은 금융 시계열 데이터를 가지고 제안된 모델을 평가하고자 한다. 성능실험 결과 제안된 AdaBoost-GRU 앙상블은 3가지 척도 즉, MAE, MSE 및 RMSE 척도에서 기존의 ARIMA 모형, LSTM 모형, GRU 모형, 그리고 Adaboost-LSTM 앙상블보다 좋은 성능을 보였다. 그리고 Adaboost-LSTM 모형과의 처리속도 면에서 제안된 AdaBoost-GRU 모형이 빠름을 알 수 있었다. In general, forecasting an financial time series is very difficult due to non-linearity and irregularity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid ensemble learning approach that combines the AdaBoost algorithm and GRU model for financial time series forecasting. Here, the GRU model is a modified structure of a recurrent neural network (RNN) widely used for time series forecasting along with a long short term memory (LSTM) model. We evaluated the proposed model with two financial time series data: KOSPI data, and won/dollar exchange rate data. As a result of performance tests, the proposed AdaBoost-GRU ensemble showed better performance than ARIMA model, single LSTM model, single GRU model, and Adaboost-LSTM ensemble in three scales: MAE, MSE and RMSE. In addition, the proposed AdaBoost-GRU ensemble was found to be fast in terms of processing speed with the Adaboost-LSTM model.

맥주맥 F_1세대의 조합능력 검정

정원복,오주성,황필성,김수동,서세정,현종내,김대호 東亞大學校 2002 東亞論叢 Vol.39 No.-

맥주맥의 이면교잡에 의한 F_1세대에 대한 조합능력을 검정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 8개 형질에 대한 GCA, SCA, RCA효과를 검정한 바 조합능력은 전 형질에서 GCA, SCA, RCA가 모두 유의하였는데 간장, 수장, 망장, 간직경, 곡핍폭, 1수립수 1000립중은 GCA가 SCA보다 크고, 품종간 GCA효과는 진양보리가 간장에서 부(-)이고, 삼도보리가 수장·망장·간직경·1000립중에서, 사천6호가 망장과 간직경에서, 진광보리가 곡립장에서, 두산29호가 곡립폭·1수립수·1000립중에서 각각 정(+)으로 높았다. SCA효과에서 수장은 두산29호×두산8호 조합이, 망장은 진양보리×두산29호 조합이, 간직경은 사천6호×진광보리 조합이, 곡립장은 진양보리×두산8호 조합이, 곡립폭은 진광보리×두산8호 조합이, 1수립수는 진양보리×삼도보리 조합이, 1000립중은 사천6호×두산8호 조합 및 두산29호×두산8호 조합이 각각 정으로 높았고, 간장은 삼도보리×진광보리 조합이 부로서 높았다. RCA효과에서 수장은 두산8호×남향보리 조합이, 망장은 진양보리×삼도보리 조합이, 간직겨은 사천6호×진양보리 조합이, 곡립장은 사천6호×진광보리 조합이, 곡립폭은 진양보리×삼도보리 조합이, 1수립수는 사천6호×두산29호 조합이, 1000립중은 진양보리×두산29호 조합이 각각 정으로 높았고, 간장은 사천6호×두산29호 조합이 부로서 높았다. Seven barley varieties in F_1 generation of the possible crosses among them were used to estimate the combining ability for eight characters, i.e., culm length, spike length, awn length, culm diameter, grain length, grain width, number of grains per spike and 1000 grains weight. Data for F_1 hybrid and parents were subjected to the analysis method proposed by Griffing. The results obtained were summarized as follows. mean squares of general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability(SCA) and reciprocal combining ability(RCA) were significant for all characters observed. Mean squares of GCA were higher than those of SCA and RCA in culm length, spike length, awn length, culm diameter, grain width, number of grains per spike and 1000 grains weight. Variety Dusan#29 showed the highest GCA effect for number of grains per spike and positively high effects of GCA were observed from variety Samdo bori in spike length, awn length, culm diameter, 1000 grains weight, and from variety Jinkwang bori I grain length, from Dusan#29 in grain width, umber of grains per spike, 1000 grains weight. Also Jinyang bori showed negatively high GCA effect in culm length. In SCA effects, hybrids in Jinyang bori × Samdo bori were exhibited positively high for number of grains per spike and high SCA effects for 1000 grins weight were found positively in Sacheun#6×Dusan#8 and Dusan#29×Dusan#. In RCA effects, hybrids in Sacheun#6×Dusan#29 were exhibited positively high for number of grains per spike and high RCA effects for 1000 grains weight were found positively in Jinyang bori×Dusan#29.

성남시 노인보건센터 및 중원구 보건소 건립공사(출품작)

㈜종합건축사사무소 건원,양내원 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.1