각이등분법 및 평행법에 의한 전악구내 표준 촬영시 두경부 피부 흡수선량 비교

유명진,김현자,도시홍,나경수,김애지 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1990 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.20 No.2

This study was performed to measure the skin absorbed doses from full mouth standard intraoral radiography(14 exposures) in bisecting angle and paralleling techniques. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used in a phantom. Circular tube collimator(60mm in diameter, 20cm in length) and rectangular collimator(35mmX44mm, 40cm in length) were set for bisecting angle and paralleling techniques respectively. All measurement sites were classified into 8 groups according to distance from each point of central rays. The results were as follows: 1. The skin absorbed doses from the paralleling technique were significantly decreased than those from the bisecting technique in both points at central ray and points away from central ray. The percentage rates of decrease were greater at points away from central ray than those at central ray. 2. The skin absorbed doses at the lens of eye, parotid gland, submandibular gland and thyroid region were significantly decreased in paralleling techniuqe, but those of the midline of palate remained similar in both techniques. 3. The highest doses were measured at the site 20mm above the point of central ray for the mandibular premolars in bisecting angle technique and at the point of central ray for the mandibular premolars in paralleling techniques. The lowest doses were measured at the thyroid region in both techniques.

1.6 m 신태양망원경용 고속영상태양분광기 개발

Nah, Ja-Kyoung,Chae, Jong-Chul,Park, Young-Deuk,Park, Hyung-Min,Jang, Bi-Ho,Ahn, Kwang-Su,Yang, Hee-Su,Cho, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Yeon-Han,Kim, Kwang-Dong,Cao, Wenda,Gorceix, Nicolas,Goode, Philip. R. 한국천문학회 2011 天文學論叢 Vol.26 No.1

KASI and Seoul National University developed the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) as one of major scientific instruments for the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) and installed it in the Coude room of the NST at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) in May, 2010. The major objective of the FISS is to study the fine-scale structures and dynamics of plasma in the photosphere and chromosphere. To achieve it, the FISS is required to take data with a spectral resolution higher than $10^5$ at the spectrograph mode and a temporal resolution less than 10 seconds at the imaging mode. The FISS is a spectrograph using Echelle grating and has characteristics that can observe dual bands (H${\alpha}$ and CaII 8542) simultaneously and perform fast imaging using fast raster scan and two fast CCD cameras. In this paper, we introduce briefly the whole process of FISS development from the requirement analysis to the first observations.

Acute toxicity assessment for TiO₂ photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl₄ in rat

Ja Kyung Seol,Myeongkyu Park,Jae Min Im,Heung Sik Seo,Hee Ju Park,Sung Soon Nah 환경독성보건학회 2021 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.36 No.3

TiO₂ was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO₂ (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO₂ (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO₂ (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD<SUB>50</SUB>), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO₂ (P-25) was calculated that LD<SUB>50</SUB> was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO₂ (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

Outcomes after Radiotherapy in Inoperable Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Cancer

안성자(Sung-Ja Ahn),정웅기(Woong-Ki Chung),나병식(Byung-Sik Nah),남택근(Tack-Keun Nam),김영철(Young-Chul Kim),박경옥(Kyung-Ok Park) 대한방사선종양학회 2001 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.19 No.3

목 적 :수술적 절제가 불가능한 편평상피성 폐암환자들의 방사선치료 결과를 분석하고 생존율에 관계되는 예후 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 11월부터 1997년 12월까지 본원에서 편평상피성 폐암으로 진단 받은 411명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 방사선 치료 선량은 30∼70.2 Gy 였고, 항암제는 72명의 환자(17.5%)에서 병행하였으며 병용 항암약제의 종류나 투여 횟수는 다양하였다. 환자들의 추적기간은 1∼113개월이었으며(중앙값:8개월), 381명의 환자(92.7%)에서 생존확인이 가능하였다. 생존율은 Kaplan-Meier방법을 사용하였다. 결 과 :전체 411명 환자의 평균생존기간은 8개월로, 1년, 2년, 5년 생존율은 각각 35.6%, 12.6%, 3.7% 였다. 병기별로는 IA환자의 평균생존기간 및 5년 생존율은 각각 29개월과 33.3%이었고, IIIA와 IIIB환자는 각각 13개월, 6.3%와 9개월, 3.4%였다(p=0.00). 치료방법에 따른 생존율을 비교해보면 근치적 방법으로 치료한 환자의 평균생존기간은 11개월이었고 고식적 방법으로 치료한 환자는 5개월이었다(p=0.00). 근치적 방사선치료를 완료한 환자 247명의 평균생존기간은 12개월인 반면, 중도에 치료를 포기한 환자 97명은 5개월이었다(p=0.00). 근치적 방사선치료를 완료한 247명을 대상으로 생존에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 예후 인자에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 원발종양의 위치, 쇄골상부림프절전이, 상대정맥증후군, 늑막액, 무기폐, 애성의 유무가 단변량 및 다변량분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 예후인자였으며, 항암제의 병용은 다변량분석에서만 유의한 결과를 보였다. 치료 중 급성 방사선식도염 증상으로 진통제를 처방하였던 환자는 49명(11.9%) 이었고 입원치료를 시행한 환자는 2명(0.5%)이었다. 방사선폐렴 소견으로 투약하였던 환자는 62명(15.1%) 이었고, 입원을 시행한 환자는 2명(0.5%)이었다. 방사선치료 후 1개월에서 87개월사이 (중앙값: 10개월) 114명(27.7%)의 환자에서 국소진행 소견이 관찰되었고, 원격전이는 1∼52개월사이 (중앙값:7개월) 49명(11.9%)에서 확인되었다. 이차암은 11명의 환자에서 확인되었다. 결 론 :국소적으로 진행된 편평상피성 폐암의 일반적 방사선치료 후 생존율은 매우 불량하였다. 따라서 병기 및 환자의 신체적 상황에 따라 방사선치료의 목적을 정하고 예후가 불량한 환자 군은 치료에 의한 삶의 질이 저하되지 않는 치료방법을 취하고, 반면 생존기간이 비교적 길다고 예견되는 환자는 보다 적극적인 치료방법을 선택하도록 해야 하겠다. Purpose :We evaluated retrospectively the outcomes of inoperable squamous cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy to find out prognostic factors affecting survival. Materials and methods : Four hundred and eleven patients diagnosed as squamous cell lung cancer between November 1988 and December 1997 were the bas is of this analyses . The planned dose to the gross tumor volume was ranged from 30 to 70.2 Gy. Chemotherapy was combined in 72 patients (17.5%) with the variable schedule and drug combination regimens . Follow- up period ranged from 1 to 113 months with the median of 8 months and survival status was identified in 381 patients (92.7%). Overall survival rate was calculated us ing the Kaplan-Meier method. Results :Age ranged from 23 years to 83 years with the median 63 years . The male to female ratio was about 16:1. For all 411 patients , the median overall survival was 8 months and the 1- year survival rate (YSR), 2-YSR, and 5-YSR were 35.6%, 12.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. The median and 5-YSR were 29 months and 33.3% for Stage IA, 13 months and 6.3% for Stage IIIA, and 9 months and 3.4% for Stage IIIB, respectively(p=0.00). The median survival by treatment aim was 11 months in radical intent group and 5 months in palliative, respectively (p=0.00). Of 344 patients treated with radical intent, median survival of patients (N=247) who received planned radiotherapy completely was 12 months while that of patients (N=97) who did not was 5 months (p=0.0006). In the analyses of the various prognostic factors affecting to the survival outcomes in 247 patients who completed the planned radiotherapy, tumor location, supraclavicular LAP, SVC syndrome, pleural effus ion, total lung atelectas is and hoarseness were statistically significant prognostic factors both in the univariate and multivariate analyses while the addition of chemotherapy was statistically s ignificant only in multivariate analyses . The acute radiation esophagitis requiring analges ics was appeared in 49 patients (11.9%) and severe radiation esophagitis requiring hospitalization was shown in 2 patients (0.5%). The radiation pneumonitis requiring steroid medication was shown in 62 patients (15.1%) and severe pneumonitis requiring hospitalization was occurred in 2 patients (0.5%). During follow- up, 114 patients (27.7%) had progress ion of local disease with 10 months of median time to recur (range : 1∼87 months) and 49 patients (11.9%) had distant failure with 7 months of median value (range : 1∼52 months). Second malignancy before or after the diagnos is of lung cancer was appeared in 11 patients Conclusion : The conventional radiotherapy in the patients with locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer has given small survival advantage over supportive care and it is very important to select the patient group who can obtain the maximal benefit and to select the radiotherapy technique that would not compromise the life quality in these patients .

Evaluation of potential eye or skin irritation/corrosion in rabbit exposed to TiO₂ photocatalyst (GST)

Sang Ho Kim,Myeong kyu Park,Ja Kyung Seol,Jae Min Im,Hae Sung Park,Heung Sik Seo,Hee Ju Park,Sung Soon Nah 환경독성보건학회 2021 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.36 No.3

TiO₂ NPs photocatalyst is widely used in a variety of applications and products in the environmental and energy fields, including self-cleaning surfaces, air and water purification systems, sterilization, hydrogen evolution, and photoelectrochemical conversion. The possible biological and safety effects of TiO₂ dermal exposure and absorption have not been well studied and more investigations on the potential health hazards of the TiO₂ are needed. This study aimed to investigate potential effect of local lesions (eye and skin irritation/corrosion) for new TiO₂ material powder, GST produced through sludge recycling of the sewage treatment plant in according to the OECD test guideline (TG 404, 405) and imaging evaluation (micro-computed tomography analysis), histopathology examination. Also, P-25, commercial photocatalyst was used to compare with GST. For the eye or skin irritation/corrosion test, the test substances (GST, P-25) showed no irritation/corrosion for local lesions and the GHS category was identified as a “No hazard class”. The imaging analysis indicated that GST did not penetrate or distribute in the local lesions (eye, skin) and the treatment-related effect was not observed in histopathology. Therefore, the present study revealed that new TiO₂ powder, GST was considered to be no potential effects (irritation/corrosion), penetration or distribution in the local lesions (eye, skin).

성인초기 여성의 골밀도, 생화학적 골표지자 및 골건강 관련 요인

박영주(Park, Young-Joo),이숙자(Lee, Sook Ja),신나미(Shin, Nah-Mee),신현정(Shin, Hyunjeong),김유경(Kim, Yoo-Kyung),조윤정(Cho, Yunjung),전송이(Jeon, Songi),조인해(Cho, Inhae) 한국간호과학회 2014 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.44 No.5

Purpose: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. Methods: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. Results: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score≤ -2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score≥ 0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score≥ 0) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

ERRATUM: "CLASSIFICATION OF THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS BY SHOCK DRIVERS" (JKAS, 35, 151, [2002])

Oh, Su-Yeon,Yi, Yu,Nah, Ja-Kyung,Cho, Kyung-Seok The Korean Astronomical Society 2007 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.40 No.1

CLASSIFICATION OF THE INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS BY SHOCK DRIVERS

OH SU YEON,YI YU,NAH JA-KYUNG,CHO KYUNG-SEOK The Korean Astronomical Society 2002 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.35 No.3

From the data of solar wind observation by ACE spacecraft orbiting the Earth-Sun Lagrangian point, we selected 48 forward interplanetary shocks(IPSs) occurred in 2000, maximum solar activity period. Examining the profiles of solar wind parameters, the IPSs are classified by their shock drivers. The significant shock drivers are the interplanetary coronal mass ejection(ICME) and the high speed stream(HSS). The IPSs driven by the ICMEs are classified into shocks driven by magnetic clouds and by ejectas based on the existence of magnetic flux rope structure and magnetic field strength. Some IPSs could be formed as the blast wave by the smaller energy and shorter duration of shock drivers such as type II radio burst. Out of selected 48 forward IPSs, $56.2\%$ of the IPSs are driven by ICME, $16.7\%$ by HSS, and $16.7\%$ of the shocks are classified into blast-wave type shocks. However, the shock drivers of remaining $10\%$ of the IPSs are unidentified. The classification of the IPSs by their driver is a first step toward investigating the critical magnitudes of the IPS drivers commencing the magnetic storms in each class.

이하선 악성종양의 수술 후 방사선 치료

정웅기(Woong-Ki Chung),안성자(Sung Ja Ahn),남택근(Taek Keun Nam),정경애(Kyung-Ae Chung),나병식(Byung Sik Nah) 대한방사선종양학회 1998 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.16 No.3

목 적 : 수술과 방사선치료를 받은 이하선 악성종양에서 국소 종양 제어율에 영향을 주는 요인을 알기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년부터 1995년까지 전남대학교병원에서 이하선 악성 종양으로 수술과 방사선 치료를 함께 받은 26명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자의 연령 분포는 14세부터 72세까지였고 중앙값은 55세였다. 조직학적 유형별 분포는 10명이 점액표피양암종, 7명이 편평상피세포암, 4명이 포상세포암, 4명이 선양성낭종암, 1명이 선암이었다. 수술은 15명이 이하선 전절제술, 7명이 표재성 절제술, 4명이 아전절제술을 받았다. 안면신경이 절제된 경우는 5명 있었다. 수술 후 병리학적으로 잔존 병변이 있었던 경우가 4명, 절제연 양성이 4명이었다. 방사선치료는 선형가속기의 광자선과 전자선속을 사용하였다. 26명 중 11명은 광자선만으로 치료하였고 전자선이 병용된 경우는 15명이었으며 전자선량은 900 cGy부터 3800 cGy (중앙값 : 1760 cGy)까지였다. 이하선종양 부위에 조사된 총방사선량은 5000 cGy부터 7560 cGy (중앙값 : 6020 cGy)까지였다. 대상 환자들의 최소추적기간은 2년이었다. 국소종양제어율의 산출은 Kaplan-Meier법을 이용하였고 단 변량분석에는 generalized Wilcoxon test, 다변량분석에는 Cox 모델을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 방사선 치료 후 국소종양의 재발은 26명 중 5명 (19%)에서 관찰되었으며 국소종양제어율은 5년에 77%였다. 환자의 5년 생존율은 70%였다. 성별, 연령 (>60세), 종양크기 (>4 cm), 수술소견상 경부림프절 침범과 신경 침범, 절제연 침범 여부 및 총방사선량 (>60 Gy)의 요인이 국소 종양 제어율에 미치는 영향을 단변량 분석한 결과 종양 크기 (p=0.002), 절제연 침범 여부(p=0.011)에 따라 국소종양제어율에 있어서 통계학적으로 의의가 있는 차이를 보였다. 같은 요인들에 대한 다변량 분석에서는 종양 크기 (p=0.022)만이 국소 종양 제어율에 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 국소종양 제어율에 영향을 주는 여러가지 예후 인자들의 다변량 분석에서 종양 크기만이 의의가 있었으나 앞으로 더욱 많은 환자를 대상으로 연구가 요구된다. Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the factors affecting local control in malignant tumors of the parotid gland treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. Materials and Methods : Twenty-six patients were treated for malignant tumors of the parotid gland from 1986 to 1995 at Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Chonnam University Hospital. Age of the patients ranged from 14 to 72 years (median : 55 years). Histologically 10 patients of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 7 of squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of acinic cell carcinoma, 4 of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 of adenocarcinoma were treated. Total parotidectomy was performd in 15 of 26 patients, superficial in 7, subtotal in 4. Facial nerve was sacrificed in 5 patients. Postoperatively 4 patients had residual disease, 4 had positive resection margin. Radiation was delivered through an ipsilateral wedged pair of photon in 11 patients. High energy electron beam was mixed with photon in 15 patients. Electron beam dose ranged from 900 cGy to 3800 cGy (median : 1760 cGy). Total radiation dose ranged from 5000 cGy to 7560 cGy (median : 6020 cGy). Minimum follow -up period was 2 years. Local control and survival rate were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Generalized Wilcoxon test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to test factors affecting local control. Results : Five (19%) of 26 patients had local recurrence. Five year local control rate was 77%. Overall five year survival rate was 70%. Sex, age, tumor size, surgical involvement of cervical lymph node, involvement of resection margin, surgical invasion of nerve, and total dose were analyzed as suggested factors affecting local control rate. Among them patients with tumor size less than 4 cm (p=0.002) and negative resection margin (p= 0.011) were associated with better local control rates in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed only tumor size factor is associated with local control rate (p=0.022). Conclusion : This study suggested that tumor size is important in local control of malignant tumors of parotid gland.

Repeated-dose 90-day oral toxicity study of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats

Sang Ho Kim,Myeong Kyu Park,Ja Kyung Seol,Jae Min Im,Heung Sik Seo,Hee Ju Park,Sung Soon Nah 환경독성보건학회 2022 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.37 No.2

TiO₂ have been studied on inhalation and skin exposure due to the properties of the materials’ use (cosmetics, paints and other products) and the additional safety information on other intake routes for the potential risk assessment is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain safety data for new TiO₂ powder, GST produced through sludge recycling of the sewage treatment plant through repeated-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in according to the OECD test guideline (TG 408). Based on the results of the dose-range finding study (28-day repeated toxicity), GST was orally administered to rats at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg B.W/day for 90-day and reversibility of effects of 2000 mg/kg bw/day was assessed after 4 weeks. In clinical signs, compound-colored stool was observed in all animals of treatment group (low: day 14 or 15, middle: day 8, high: day 8) and continuously observed up to the end of administration or day 1 of recovery period (high dose group). Also, the test substance retention in gastro-intestinal tract was observed in all animals of treatment group in gross finding at necropsy and foreign materials in lumen of these organs (stomach, duodenum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum) likely indicative for the presence of test material in histopathological examination. In addition, no test substance-related adverse effects were noted in the detailed clinical observations, sensory reactivity/ functional assessments, body weight, food consumption, urinary analysis, ophthalmological examination, hematological / biochemical parameters, organ weights, histopathological findings. Therefore, the present results show that the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of new TiO₂ powder, GST was considered to be 2000 mg/kg B.W/day in rats after repeated oral administration for 90-day under the present study conditions and no target organs were identified.