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중환자실의 억제대 사용에 관한 연구 : 대구?경북지역 병원을 중심으로
박명화,이병숙 中央醫學社 1997 中央醫學 Vol.62 No.2
There are little information about actual state of the use of physical restraints in intensive care units in Korea. To identify actual state of the use of restraints is essential to control unnecessary use of the restraints. The Purpose of this study was to identify the actual state of the use of restraints in ICU and factors related to the use of the restraints. . Data were collected at 30 ICUs of 23 Hospitals in Taegu and Kyungbuk area. The self report questionnaire of head nurses, charge nurses and a supervisor provided data on the risk of restraints, reasons for their application, complications and need of alternatives. Chi-square test, ANOVA, Kendall's tau and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data. All of the ICU responded to the study used restraints but the number of ICUs which have guideline for use of restraints were only 6(20 %). The decision to apply restraints were usually made by nurses. The protect of applied devices, prevention of fall down, impaired mentation, control of patient's destructive behavior were reasons of restraints use. The frequent risk of restraints were pressure ulcer associated immobility, psychological problem, loss of muscle tone, fall down with restraints. 73.3 % of respondents demonstrated the need of alternatives, but only 10 % of respondents suggested the alternatives.
Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Kumo-do, Korea
Lee, Yu-Mi,Lee, Byoung-Chun,Park, Soo-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Man,Lee, Sang-Myong,Lee, Hwa-Yun,Shin, Hyun-Tak national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.1
The vascular plants observed in the area were composed of a total of 228 taxa; 72 families, 172 genus, 201 species, 25 varieties, 1 sub-species and 1 cross species. The only endangered plants found in the area were Milletia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray. The endemic plants growing in the Geumodo except transplanted plants were Lespedeza x maritima Nakai and Carpinus coreana Nakai. which accounted for 0.8% of the vascular plants in Geumodo, 228 taxa. Specialized plants of Geumodo were a total of 41 species; 30 taxa in Grade I, 1 taxon in Grade II, 9 taxa in Grade III and 1 taxon in Grade V. Milletia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray was the only species found in important Grade IV to V. Currently, ferries ply to the island, attracting many tourists. This poses a threat to the rare plants living in the island and presses down the island to develop. Therefore, in the long-term perspective, the conservation plan such as comprehensive research and monitoring on the ecosystem shall be established to protect evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Distortion of Eelectrical Double Layer in Liquid Filtration by Fibrous Filters
Myong‐Hwa Lee,Shogo Hirose,Yoshio Otani 한국입자에어로졸학회 2014 Particle and Aerosol Research Vol.10 No.3
Liquid filtration by membrane filters is essential for the preparation of ultrapure water in semiconductor manufacturing processes. The separation of submicrometer particles suspended in ultrapure water with a laminated fibrous membrane filter was studied numerically and experimentally in the present work. We found that an electricaldouble layer around a single fiber expanded to a large extent at a low ion concentration, as in ultrapure water, anddeformed toward the upstream of the fiber with increasing filtration velocity. Since an increase in the electrical double-layer thickness leads to a decrease in the electrical potential gradient, particles with the same polarity as the fiber approach the fiber more easily and are captured at a high filtration velocity. Experimental results also confirmedthat the collection efficiency of polystyrene latex(PSL) particles through a PTFE filter became higher as the filtration velocity increased.
Lee, Sang Hwa,Lee, Byung Joo,Wang, Soo Geun,Goh, Eui Kyung,Chon, Kyong Myong,Lee, Hak Myong,Jeong, Euh Duck 한국레이저가공학회 2005 한국레이저가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol. No.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique capable of providing details on the chemical composition, molecular structure and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. Its application of distinguishing normal and cancer tissue has been studied in a variety of sites, such as the cervix, lung, larynx and skin. The purpose was to explore spectral changes between normal and cancer tissue in the larynx using Raman spectroscopy to assess the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Laryngeal tissue specimens (13 adjacent normal and 13 cancer tissues) were obtained from patients who underwent total laryngetomy or supracricoid laryngectomy with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The specimens were stored -70 degrees C until use. These specimens were defrosted at room temperature. The Raman spectra from laryngeal tissue specimens could be obtained at 300 mW and 250 scan during 15 minutes of the signal acquisition time using FT-Raman spectroscopy (Bruker Co., Karsruhe, Germany). RESULTS: Raman spectra were different significantly between cancer and adjacent normal tissues of the larynx at 1446 cm-1, 1240 cm-1, 1335 cm-1, and 1655 cm-1 (p=0.007, 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, respectively). The difference of 1446 cm-1 means the change of CH2 bending mode in protein and lipid of malignant tissue. The change of 1335 cm-1 means a decrease in CH3CH2 to a wagging mode of collagen and polynucleotide chain of malignant tissue. The difference of 1240 and 1655 means a decrease in the alpha-helix conformation of collagen. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the differences of Raman units between laryngeal cancer and adjacent normal tissue using Raman spectroscopy. In future, Raman spectroscopy may become a useful tool of guided biopsy for accurate pathologic diagnosis and assessment of the adequacy of resection margins.
Flora of Gyeongju National Park, Korea
Lee, Sang-Myong,Lee, Hwa-Yun,Lee, Yu-Mi,Park, Soo-Hyun,Lee, Byoung-Chun,Lim, Won-Hyeon national science museum of korea 2008 Journal of Korean nature Vol.1 No.1
This study found 39 orders, 112 families, 354 genuses, 515 species, 1 sub-species, 78 varieties and 11 forma, totalling 605 classifications. Dominant vegetations were deciduous trees (oak trees) such as Quercus mongolica, Q. vuriubilis, Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, and Q. serrata in Tohamsan and Danseoksan areas while dominant species was Pinus thunbergii in the Daebon area and P. densiflora in the Gumisan, Namsan, Sogeumkang, Hwarang and Seoak areas. Pte-Q was 1.35. It was higher than in mountainous inland areas, which was desirable succession.
Lee, Myong-Hwa,Kim, Joong-Hyuk,Biswas, Pratim,Kim, Sang-Soo,Suh, Yong Jae,Jang, Hee Dong,Bhang, Suk Ho,Yu, Taekyung,Kim, Jae-Hyuk,Cho, Kuk American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.7
<P>Nanoparticles produced in industrial processes are conventionally removed by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). These ESPs usually have an electrode-collector with a wire-cylinder or wire-plate configuration. We designed an ESP with a needle-cylinder configuration and compared its collection performance with that of a conventional ESP. Our ESP exhibited a corona inception voltage of around 3 to 4 kV, which was significantly lower than that of the conventional ESP. The efficiency with which it could collect NaCl particles, which were used as model nanoparticles, was 98% at -5 kV. Unlike with a conventional ESP, soft X-ray irradiation reduced the collection efficiency, probably as a result of the recombination of the positive and negative ions. The corona power ratio was 0.024 W/lpm at a collection efficiency of 98%, showing that our new design produced an extremely efficient ESP. An ESP with a needle-cylinder configuration could be used to collect nanoparticles from a wide range of processes.</P>