Effects of Thermomechanical Extrusion, Particle-size Reduction and Chemical Pretreatments on Ethanol Production from Corn Fiber

Lin, Myat 공주대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

디지털화 진전에 따른 한국 TMT(Technology, Media and Telecommunication)섹터의 역할 변화

MYAT NOE THWE 경희대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 디지털전환 동향 추세를 고려하면서 TMT(Technology, Media, Telecommunication)섹터라는 디지털화를 주도하는 대표적인 서비스 영역이므로 , 그 역할에 대해 면밀하게 계량적으로 분석한다.데이터분석과정으로 1990년부터 1995년, 2000년, 2005년, 2010년, 2015년과 2019년까지의 투입산출표 통합대-중-소분류한 데이터를 사용해서 TMT섹터의 역할변화를 세분화하기 위해 재구성하고 산업연관분석을 통해 전후방연쇄효과와 부가가치유발, 국내총생산액을 분석한다. 결과적으로 TMT섹터 부문이 타 산업의 생산물을 중간재로 활용하는 데, TMT섹터 부문의 생산증가가 TMT섹터의 중간재를 생산하는 타 산업에게 끼치는 생산유발정도를 측정하는 후방연쇄효과가 점점 감소해지는 반면 TMT섹터 부문의 최종 생산물의 수요가 한 단위 발생하는 데 중간재로 수요하는 연관된 상품들이 늘리는 생산의 크기를 TMT섹터 평균과 비교되는 전방연쇄효과가 지속적으로 증가하고 있고 TMT의 부가가치와 국내총생산액도 올라가고 있어서 TMT섹터의 서비스 영역이 향후 많이 활용되는 것으로 밝혔다. This study is a representative service area that leads the digitalization of the TMT (Technology, Media, Telecommunication) sector while considering the trend of digital transformation trends, so its role is closely quantitatively analyzed. The data analysis process is reorganized to subdivide the role change of TMT sectors using data classified from 1990 year to 2019 year analyzes the forward-back linkage effect, value-added induction, and gross domestic product through the industry-related analysis. As a result, forward linkage effect of TMT sector is increased, but backward linkage effector of TMT sector is declined. Then Value added inducement and GDP of TMT sector is increasing. It was revealed that TMT sector's service area will be used a lot in the future.

Seroepidemiology and Antibody Kinetic Profile of Malaria in Tier I Area of Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment Zone

Myat Htut Nyunt 강원대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

In the era of malaria elimination, identification on local transmission of malaria is high concern. Parasitological based diagnosis methods such as rapid diagnosis test (RDT) and microscopy are not sensitive enough to detect the asymptomatic malaria that may be a source of infection in the community. Advanced molecular based detection methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR and real-time ultra-sensitive PCR promise to detect the low level parasitaemia. Unfortunately, these methods are too sophisticated to be used in most of the operational field conditions in endemic areas. Moreover, fluctuation on prevalence of the parasitaemia in a low transmission setting leads to the mis-under estimate of local transmission by parasitological based detection method. To overcome these limitations, malaria serology analysis has been used to estimate the local transmission of malaria. We conducted one year longitudinal cohort study in Shwegyin Township (22° 20' 0" N, 95° 56' 0" E), one of the Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment (MARC) Tier I area in 2014-2015. A total of 1,182 local residents older than five years were recruited, and active and passive case detection were carried out. Whole blood and sera samples were taken in every three month. Molecular based detection of malaria in whole blood was done by effective high-throughput pooling strategy. Among the samples, 270 pairs of samples which included the same proportion of age group and sex were selected for further antibody kinetic analysis by protein microarray. Although there was no RDT positive case for malaria infection, two vivax infections were detected by microscopy. Molecular methods detected the asymptomatic cases of 28/1182 (2.37%) in first, 5/894 (0.42%) in second, 12/944 (1.02%) in third, 6/889 (0.51%) in fourth collection, respectively. All asymptomatic infections were vivax except four falciparum and two malariae cases that were detected only on the first time collection. Well known high antigenic blood stage merozoite antigens were screened initially among the samples collected at acute infection, 28 days after treatment and one year malaria history samples. Among them, five candidates that showed high antigenicity on acute or subacute infection, were selected to express and purify the recombinant antigen by E. coli system. Antibodies specific for the well expressed recombinant blood stage merozoite surface antigens, PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19, PvAMA1, and PvDBPII were screened in 1080 sera samples of 270 participants from four times collections. Seropositivity rates against the PfMSP1-19, PvMSP1-19, PvAMA1 and PvDBPII were 73/270 (27.0%), 85/270 (31.5%), 65/270 (24.1%) and 160/270 (59.3%), respectively. The PvDBPII showed high and stable seropositivity especially in older age group without evidence of past infection, reflecting long-lasting humoral immune response. Similarly, stable seropositivity rate of PvAMA1 was observed in acute, subacute and history samples, and all four time collected sera regardless of age and sex group as well as past infection history, indicating its limited usefulness as a serological marker. On the other hand, PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 showed high and stable antigenicity in acute and subacute samples but declining in one year history samples. No cross reactivity of PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 between the two species and higher seropositivity among the asymptomatic carriers were observed. Our evidence suggests that PfMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-19 are the leading candidate markers for serological analysis of malaria where both falciparum and vivax are common.

An Empirical Study On The Determinants Of Trade Balance In Myanmar

MYAT NOE 아주대학교 Graduate School of International Studies Ajo 2018 국내석사

It is fruitful to examine the major determinants of the trade balance in Myanmar since Myanmar has persistent trade deficit which can result in the negative impacts on the economy. This study uses a dynamic model by combining three different theoretical approaches to the balance of payments, namely the elasticity, monetary and absorption approaches, to identify the important determinants of Myanmar’s trade balance. According to the elasticity approach, real exchange rate is comprised in the model to examine whether the Marshall-Lerner condition as well as J-curve effect exists in Myanmar. In addition, money supply and domestic income are contained in the model so as to analyze the monetary and absorption views to the balance of payments. In order to test the long term and short term effects of real exchange rate, domestic income and money supply on the trade balance, cointegrating regression: Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) are employed in this study using annual time series data from 1986 to 2015. The empirical results reveal that real depreciation improves the trade balance in the long term, the Marshall-Lerner condition holds, but no J-curve effect is found in Myanmar. This study also shows the empirical evidences that money supply and domestic income play more significant role to solve the difficulties in the trade balance, rather than real exchange rate. In order to make effective measures to improve the trade balance, Myanmar needs to pay attention to monetary, income and exchange rate policies along with the acceleration of formulating and implementing the interrelated policies to develop Myanmar’s export sector by strengthening the linkage among relevant institutions.

Improvement of utilization efficiency and ion balance of recycled nutrient solution in closed soilless culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Myat, Thaint Ko 서울대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

Improvement of Utilization Efficiency and Ion Balance of Recycled Nutrient Solution in Closed Soilless Culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) Myat Thaint Ko Department of Plant Science Graduate School of Seoul National University ABSTRACT Although closed soilless culture is useful for saving water and fertilizers with minimizing environmental pollution, adequate management of nutrient solutions is still not stabilized in greenhouse cultivation. However, ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solution and the accumulation of nutrients in root medium are serious problems affecting plant growth. For efficient nutrient management, an adjustment of the recycled nutrient solution at an appropriate analysis interval is required considering the nutrient and water demands of plants. The aims of this study are to compare the ion balance, yield, and use of water and fertilizers between the closed and open soilless culture systems, to find out the proper renewal period reducing ion imbalance in the recycled nutrient solution, to investigate the nutrient and water uptake and the yield and mineral contents of the plants by the renewal period of recycled nutrient solution, and to determine the effect of renewal pattern on ion balance in the recycled nutrient solution and substrate, and nutrient uptake of paprika plants. Yield reduction by 19% was observed in the closed system compared with that in the open system after four harvests. Water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) were 68% and 78% higher in the closed system than those in the open system. The ion imbalance in the recycled nutrient solution appeared after 4 weeks even though the EC and pH were maintained within acceptable ranges. Among the different renewal periods, the changes in cation and anion ratios in the recycled nutrient solution could be reduced by renewing every 4 weeks. Although 50 to 51% WUE and 61 to 67% FUE were higher in the closed system using different renewal periods than those in the open system, the lowest fruit yield was observed in the closed system at a 12-week renewal period. Considering nutrient balance and yield, an adequate renewal period of the recycled nutrient solution was suggested as 4 weeks, but it can be extended to 8 weeks practically. The ion balances change in the recycled nutrient solution was reduced at the renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks, and followed by 6-4-2 and 8-2-2 weeks. Particularly the accumulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was reduced as the same trend as above. No significant differences in nutrient uptake, yield and plant growth were observed among all the renewal patterns. Chemical analysis indicated that paprika needs less Ca and Mg in the fruits than in the leaves during fruit growth. It can be concluded that renewal period and pattern play important roles in the ion balances of the recycled nutrient solution and root medium and the uptakes of water and nutrients by plants in closed soilless culture. For more efficient management of nutrient solution in closed soilless culture, adjustment (or renewal) of recycled nutrient solution considering growing stage and environmental conditions are required as further study. Key words: closed rockwool culture, ion imbalance, recycled nutrient solution, renewal period, water and nutrient uptake, Student Number: 2010-31333

Assessment of residential satisfaction in living at the public housing in Yangon

Myat, Thandar 서울시립대학교 2017 국내석사

There are three essential requirements for human beings such as food, cloth and shelter. Housing is part of the standard shelter and living styles are the significant factor in people’s lives while the key component of the economy deals with the housing sector of each city especially for urbanization and civilization. Nowadays, Yangon becomes a huge and vast commercial capital, where the dwellers dramatically increase year by year due to migration and urbanization. In order to be sustainable public housing, all the functional services should be systematically supported, economically efficient and socially trusted community. In public housing sectors, residential satisfaction is also directly related to these facts to make housing plan for new public housing projects. On the other hand, the residential satisfaction of public housing and level of satisfaction play a key role for environment, utilities, security and community. The satisfaction level in the public housings in the selected township which are distributed in Yangon area is measured. The dwellers should recognize the role of public participation and community activities of housing sector while the local government also has to secures the information of satisfaction level on the public housings in Yangon as well as create a livable city. Otherwise, the problems of housing will not be able to be solved in terms of appropriate way. Keywords: Public Housing, Housing Delivery System, Affordable Housing Development, Public Satisfaction 인간의 삶에 필수적 요소는 의식주이다. 이 중 주택은 일반적 거주 형태이며, 생활양식은 인간의 삶에서 중요한 요소이다. 이런 면에서 경제정책은 도시화와 문명화를 위한 각 도시의 주택 부문을 해결하는 데에 중점을 두어야 한다. 양곤은 거대하고 광대한 상업적 수도로 발전 중이며, 도시의 인구도 이주와 도시화로 인해 매년 급증하고 있다. 지속가능한 공공주택을 건설하기 위해서는 모든 기능적 서비스들이 체계적으로 지원되고, 경제적 효율성이 있어야 하며, 지역사회의 신뢰를 받아야 한다. 공공주택 부문에서 거주민들의 만족도도 이러한 사실과 직접적으로 관련이 있어서, 신규 공공주택 사업계획 수립 시에 반드시 고려할 요소이다. 한편, 공공주택에 대한 거주민의 만족도는 환경, 수도 및 전기 서비스, 안전 및 지역사회에 핵심적 역할을 한다. 이 논문에서는 양곤 지역 거주지 중 선정된 공공주택에서의 주민 만족도를 측정했다. 주민들은 주택부문에서 대중 참여 및 지역사회 활동의 역할을 인지해야 하고, 지방정부도 양곤을 살기 좋은 도시로 만드는 노력을 기울이면서 공공주택에서의 만족도에 관한 정보를 확보해야 한다. 그렇지 않으면, 주택 문제를 해결할 적절할 방법을 찾기가 쉽지 않게 된다. 주요 용어: 공공 주택, 주택공급체계, 서민층 주택 개발, 대중 만족도

Effects of thermomechanical extrusion, particle-size reduction and chemical pretreatments of ethanol production from corn fiber

Myat Lin Kongju National University 2015 국내박사

A Study on Preservation of Urban Heritage Zones in the Central Business District(CBD) in Yangon

Thu, Myat 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2020 국내석사

Yangon had become one of the famous commercial and cultural cities in Asia in the early 20th century. During that period, the architectural standard of the buildings in Yangon could compete with other cities around the world. During the British colony from 1886 to 1948, Yangon was the British government administrative capital of Myanmar. Therefore, most of the buildings constructed before 1945,which has been influenced by colonial-style architecture. Moreover, the current Central Business District (CBD) area of Yangon has also served as the city center in the colonial period and liberation period. Likewise, more than 2,000 historic buildings have been constructed in the city center and theses buildings have remained to us as inheritances from our ancestors. As Yangon has developed rapidly after liberation, it brought about side effects to the historic town pattern and surrounding historical environment. With the rapid development in Yangon, some historic buildings have demolished and replaced by modern structures. Therefore, rules and regulations for heritage preservation need to assign more precisely. Heritage buildings in Yangon has been destroyed due to lack of preservation, abandonment, relocated the capital city to Nay Pyi Taw in 2006 and post cyclone ‘Nargis’ impacts in 2008. Yangon Heritage Trust (YHT) proposed 7-heritage preservation zones within the CBD area in 2013. Nevertheless, only the secretariat preservation zone have started conserving in 2014 and other zones are still needed to be maintained. Therefore, the old administration core and Chinatown environ are selected for research areas in this research. This thesis aims to develop incentive schemes for effective implementation of the effective urban heritage zone in the study area. To attain the study objectives, I conducted a structured questionnaire survey to the sampled local respondents in two-research areas and analyzed the surveyed data and secondary data from YCDC (Yangon City Development Committee) and YHT. Currently, historic buildings are sandwiched between modern high-rise buildings and some heritage buildings have demolished before the first preservation law in 1990 has enacted. High-rise buildings in the CBD area blocked the visual axis to the historic urban landmarks and affected the skyline of the city. Some of the local respondents in study areas sold their properties because renovation costs for the old historic building are too expensive and it becomes a challenge to them. On the other hand, construction developers persuaded them to sell their building for financial benefits and replaced with high-rise buildings. To solve this problem and provide effective urban heritage zones, it should be considered overall height limitation for each block and support needed incentive financial subsidies such as grant incentives, loan incentives, and tax abatement incentives. Therefore, this thesis may become a supportive proposal in implementing of effective urban heritage preservation zone in the CBD area. Keywords: Urban heritage, preservation, conservation, height limitation, incentive policy, Yangon, CBD area, Old Administration core, Chinatown Environ 양곤(Yangon)은 20세기 초 아시아에서 상업적 번성과 더불어 문화적으로도 가장 부유한 것으로 유명한 도시였다. 당시 양곤의 건축 기준은 세계적인 도시들과 견줄 수 있는 수준이었다. 영국이 1886부터 1948년까지 미얀마를 식민지배했는데, 이때 영국 정부의 행정도시가 바로 양곤이었다. 따라서 1945년 이전에 지어진 양곤의 오래된 건물은 대부분 영국 건축의 영향을 받았다. 현재 양곤의 중심업무지구는 식민지 시기와 해방 기간에도 도심의 중심지였는데, 당시 건축된 2,000개 이상의 역사적인 건물들은 현재까지 문화 유산으로 남아있다. 양곤이 급속히 개발되면 이곳의 역사적 환경에는 부작용이 나타날 것이다. 양곤에 개발이 가속화되면서 일부 역사적 건물이 파괴되고 현대적 건물이 들어섰다. 이에 유산 보존에 관한 법률과 규정에 있어서 보다 구체적인 조항이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 2006년 네피도(Nay Pyi Taw)로의 수도 이전 및 2008년 태풍 나르기스(Nargis)로 인해 양곤의 오래된 건물들이 파괴되었으며 아직까지도 보존되지 않고 방치되어있다. 2013년 양곤 헤리티지 트러스트(Yangon Heritage Trust, YHT)는 중심업무지구 내에 7개의 보존구역을 만들 것을 제안했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 사무국의 보존 구역만 보존된 채 다른 지역은 방치되었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 구 행정중심지와 차이나타운 주변을 연구지역으로 선정했다. 본 논문은 중심업무지구 지역의 효과적인 도시 유산 지대를 만들고 이에 대한 유인을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 결과를 얻기 위해 연구자는 2개의 지역에서 추출한 지역주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였였으며, 설문조사 데이터 및 양곤도시개발위원회(Yangon City Development Committee, YCDC)와 YHT에서 받은 2차 데이터를 분석하였다. 현재, 고층빌딩이 역사적 건축물 사이 사이 위치해 있으며, 일부 고건물은 보존법으로 보존되기 전에 철거되었다. 중심업무지구의 고층건물은 역사적인 도시 풍경의 시각적 축을 가로막고 거리의 스카이라인도 바꾸고 있다. 더구나 지역 주민들은 부동산을 매각하고 있는데, 이는 고건물 개조 비용에 대한 부담과 투자 이익을 노린 건축개발업자들의 설득 결과다. 이 문제를 해결하고 효과적 도시 유산구역을 설정하기 위해서는 각 구역의 전반적 고도제한을 고려하는 한편, 보조금, 대출, 세금 감면 등 유인정책을 지원해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 중심업무지구 지역 내 도시유산보존지역의 효과적 실행을 지원하는 제안하고자 한다. 키워드: 도시유산, 보존, 보호, 고도제한, 유인정책, 양곤, 중심업무지구, 구행정중심지, 차이나타운 주변

(The) overview of power system development plan in Myanmar

Su, Myat Mon Ajou University 2019 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to provide the current situation of the power system in Myanmar and to improve the power transmission system reliability. Electricity demand has rapidly increased by more than 10% annually according to economy growth. The power supply is now urgently required to meet the demand. It needs to prioritized and supervised oil, natural gas and natural resources to be able to meet domestic demands. For sufficient electricity supply throughout the country, to expand the national power grid for the effective utilization of generated power from the available energy resources such as hydro, wind, solar, thermal and other alternative ones. It needs to develop the electric power sector of the country in order to contribute to the implementation of current situation to economic, social and environmental conservation and development. This study aimed to improve the reliability of power transmission system in the Southern grid according to Myanmar Power System Development Plan. Modelling and Simulation of the Network were done using NEPLAN software to study the Load Flow and voltage collapse. According to the results of the study, the voltage ranges achieved within the limit of voltage regulation by using Shunt compensation in 230 kV busbar from the existing condition of Myanmar transmission network. In order to establish a reliable power transmission system, the appropriate reliability goals are set in accordance with comprehensive prediction of future power demand with the power source development and the view of the short and long-term economic growth.

The Effectiveness of participating the Women Empowerment Programs : A Study of Women Garment Factory Workers, Yangon, Myanmar

Phyo, Myat Pan 영남대학교 박정희새마을대학원 2022 국내석사

The study aims to examine the improvement of women empowerment programs especially for factory workers in Yangon, Myanmar. In order to meet the study’s goals, qualitative research data collection technique was utilized as the main technique while secondary quantitative data were utilized as supporting data. The participants from various backgrounds and contexts were carefully selected after a preliminary phone call interview in Yangon, Myanmar. The study shows that most of the women factory workers have both predictable and unpredictable difficulties and problems in their everyday lives and how empowerment programs have brought positive things more or less to them. In the Myanmar Garment Factory Industry, the women labor force is the main labor force and is very crucial. However, due to the weakness of labor law and rule of law, many of them are suffering tons of problems including very low wages and working long hours per day. It is apparent that most of the women in garment factories want to get out of the endless poverty life and get a better one. In spite of that, there are many foreseen and unforeseen barriers, which halt women factory workers from escaping from poverty and endless socio-economic problems. Factors of the barriers include lower education level, lack of financial support and social issues, etc. With these findings, this study therefore recommends the improvement of women empowerment programs, which brings prosperous benefits to the life of women especially factory workers. In addition, it is also recommended to uphold women empowerment activities by providing them with expected and necessary education and training as well as encourage them to be more proactive in participating in such programs. The results of this study identified the major positive factors affecting the lives of women due to the women empowerment programs as well as the effectiveness of the programs for the improvement of women empowerment programs and attain sustainable development. These findings may then aid policymakers and concerned stakeholders like INGO, NGO and other related organizations in improving their designs of women programs.