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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Mulla, Sikandar I. (검색결과 22 건)
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Semiconductor Tin Oxide Gas Sensors : From Bulk to Thin Films
Mulla, Imtiaz Sirajuddin,Ramgir, Niranjan Suryakant,Hwang, Young Kyu,Chang, Jong-San 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.7
Tin oxide an n-type semiconductor gas sensing material is widely accepted and under investigation in practically every form, from bulk to nano-structure. It is necessary to understand the ordering of crystal structure, morphology and arrangement of grains, importance of the surface effects and grain boundaries, and more importantly the working principle in order to visualize their potential as a sensor and electronic material. Therefore, it is necessary to consider each factor governing the sensitivity and selectivity prior to designing the sensor device. An ideal sensor with high mobility of conduction electrons and satisfactory stability needs fabrication of a highly porous, thin sensing body with a proper selection of doping element that can enhance surface reactions/adsorption of sensing gas. In the present report, we have tried to describe the recent progress in the tin oxide based gas sensors with some of our own findings.
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Vapor-Phase Ethylation of Biphenyl over MTW Zeolites
Mulla, Shafeek Abdul Rashid,Waghmode, Suresh B.,Watanabe, Seiji,Maekawa, Hiroyoshi,Komura, Kenichi,Kubota, Yoshihiro,Sugi, Yoshihiro,Kim, Jong-Ho,Seo, Gon The Chemical Society of Japan 2006 Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan Vol.79 No.9
<P>Vapor-phase ethylation of biphenyl (BP) with ethanol over the MTW zeolites was examined by using a fixed-bed flow reactor, and compared to the catalyses over MOR and MFI zeolites. Two types of MTW zeolites: MTW-S (small crystal) and MTW-L (large crystal) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The selectivity for 4,4′-diethylbiphenyl (4,4′-DEBP) over the MTW zeolites was the highest among the other zeolites, such as MOR and MFI. The catalytic activity of MTW-S was higher than MTW-L. The selectivities for 4,4′-DEBP at 300 °C were ca. 30% for MTW-S and ca. 22% for MTW-L among the DEBP isomers. The dealumination of the MTW zeolites enhanced the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP although the catalytic activity was slightly decreased. In particular, the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP over dealuminated MTW-L by steaming and subsequent refluxing in hydrochloric acid increased from 22 to 42% at 300 °C. The enhancement of the selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP is due to the decrease in non-selective reactions at external acid sites because these sites are removed by the dealumination. The selectivities are higher than those of equilibrium mixtures, and the slimmest isomer. 4,4′-DEBP is preferentially formed due to the steric interaction of reactants and products with acidic sites in the MTW channels. Molecular modeling on the diffusion of products in the MTW channel suggests that 4,4′-DEBP isomer can diffuse most easily among DEBP isomers. 4,4′-DEBP and other isomers easily diffuse inside MOR channel; however, they cannot in the MFI channels. These results show that the formation of 4,4′-DEBP is the most favorable due to the diffusion and the restriction of transition state in the MTW channels.</P>
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Holographic Information System, the future of in-car experience?
Mehmet Mulla,Albert Kim,Seungyeon Ryu,Nicholas Lambert 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1
The paper considers the concept of interfaces for connected cars and discusses the direction they will take in the next few years. Focusing on driverless vehicles, the research takes into consideration the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD), a necessary feature of maintaining the vehicle, and considers how the presentation of data/information can be achieved through innovative means. In this context, the use of a Holographic Human Vehicle Interface (HHVI) to present gesture based experience. We suggest that a holographic display can be integrated into a vehicle`s operation, and supported through a form of hand gesture interaction, can be extended beyond the traditional vehicle handling in order to communicate and complete tasks within the vehicle`s experience without causing harm and distraction. We consider how the user experience will change for the driver and passenger, their role within the vehicle, and how this can be a benefit to them and those who make use of the system.
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Enhanced Degradation of 3-Nitrobenzoate by Immobilized Cells of Bacillus flexus Strain XJU-4
Sikandar I. Mulla,Manjunatha P. Talwar,Robertcyril S. Hoskeri,Harichandra Z. Ninnekar 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.6
Nitroaromatic compounds are major chemical pollutants because of their widespread use and toxicity. Bioremediation of such toxic nitroaromatic compounds using microorganisms may provide an effective method for detoxification. Bacillus flexus strain XJU-4, capable of degrading 3-nitrobenzoate, was immobilized in various matrices, namely polyurethane foam (PUF), polyacrylamide,sodium alginate (SA), sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol (SA-PVA) and agar. The degradation of 12 and 24 mM 3-nitrobenzoate, by both freely suspended cells and immobilized cells, in batches and fed-batch with shaken cultures were compared. The PUF-immobilized cells achieved higher degradation rates of 12 and 24 mM 3-nitrobenzoate than freely suspended cells, and the cells immobilized in SA-PVA, polyacrylamide, SA and agar. The PUF-immobilized cells could be reused for more than 21 cycles without losing any degradation capacity. These results revealed the feasibility of using PUF-immobilized cells of B. flexus for the enhanced degradation of 3-nitrobenzoate. Nitroaromatic compounds are major chemical pollutants because of their widespread use and toxicity. Bioremediation of such toxic nitroaromatic compounds using microorganisms may provide an effective method for detoxification. Bacillus flexus strain XJU-4, capable of degrading 3-nitrobenzoate, was immobilized in various matrices, namely polyurethane foam (PUF), polyacrylamide,sodium alginate (SA), sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol (SA-PVA) and agar. The degradation of 12 and 24 mM 3-nitrobenzoate, by both freely suspended cells and immobilized cells, in batches and fed-batch with shaken cultures were compared. The PUF-immobilized cells achieved higher degradation rates of 12 and 24 mM 3-nitrobenzoate than freely suspended cells, and the cells immobilized in SA-PVA, polyacrylamide, SA and agar. The PUF-immobilized cells could be reused for more than 21 cycles without losing any degradation capacity. These results revealed the feasibility of using PUF-immobilized cells of B. flexus for the enhanced degradation of 3-nitrobenzoate.
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The Principle of Good Faith in Contracts: Qatari Law Perspective
( Abdulla Hamad Al Mulla ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2017 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.19 No.-
Good faith is one of the most important principles of Civil Law as it governs all types of contracts including commercial, administrative and private civil contracts. This principle finds its importance through balancing the contracts parties position and saving their rights towards each other. On the same note, the principle of good faith allows the judge to interfere in the contractual relationship in order to balance the contractual relationship between the parties. Hence, there is a duty for any contractual party to act with Good Faith otherwise a party to a contract could be held responsible according to the contract law. This article illustrates the principle of good faith in Arab legislation comparing it with other comparative civil law legislation especially in France and Germany. In addition to that, the article deals with the application phase of the principle of good faith by presenting and analyzing various legal precedents about this topic. Furthermore, the article discusses the latest development in Qatari contract Law regarding the legal framework of the principle of good faith in the legislation and jurisprudence.
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Emad Abbas Jaffar Al-Mulla 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.2
Clay modification was carried out by treatment of fatty nitrogen compounds (FNCs); fatty hydrazide (FH),hydroxy methyl fattyamide (HMFA), and difatty acyl thiourea (DFAT) were synthesized from vegetable oils with a sodium montmorillonite (MMT) as natural clay. This process was accomplished by stirring the clay particles in an aqueous solution of FH, HMFA, and DFAT, by which the clay layer thickness increased from 1.23 to 2.69, 2.89 and 3.21nm, respectively. The modified clay was then used in the preparation of the polylactic acid/epoxidized palm oil (PLA/EPO) blend nanocomposites. The interaction of the modifier in the clay layer was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Elemental analysis was used to estimate the presence of FNCs in the clay. The nanocomposites were synthesized by solution casting of the modified clay and a PLA/EPO blend at the weight ratio of 80/20, which has the highest elongation at break. The nanocomposites were then characterized using XRD,transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile properties measurements. Improvement in mechanical properties of the FH-MMT, HMFA-MMT, and DFAT-MMT nanocomposites was obtained when 2% of the DFAT-MMT and 3% of both FH-MMT and HMFA-MMT loadings were used. PLA/EPO modified clay nanocomposites show higher thermal stability in comparison with those of the PLA/EPO blend. The XRD and TEM results confirmed the production of nanocomposites.
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Jaypal Baviskar,Afshan Mulla,Amol Baviskar,Jeet Desai 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2015 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.5 No.5
In order to meet the increasing need for quality conscience crops and to utilize the resources efficiently, the concept of Greenhouse was introduced. It assists in accurate monitoring and controlling of various parameters, in order to nurture healthy crops. In this paper efforts are made to acknowledge the problems associated with maintaining precise environmental conditions, and to implement a sophisticated system to supervise the real-time monitoring and controlling operation inside the Greenhouse. The necessity for an Automated System deploying wireless communication and remote sensing is considered. This paper illustrates the implementation of a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based embedded system supported by ZigBee network (over IEEE 802.15.4) for organizing Greenhouse parameters. The establishment of various topologies supported by ZigBee network viz. Star topology & Mesh Topology are illustrated. It also demonstrates the real time supervision of parameters such as temperature, humidity as well as the total power consumption of the system, along with appropriate sensors. With the help of a PC based GUI application developed on Java platform graphs are plotted to evaluate the system performance.
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