The Effect of Low Energy Nitrogen Ion Implantation on Graphene Nanosheets

Mukesh Mishra,Subbiah Alwarappan,Dinaker Kanjilal,Tanuja Mohanty 대한금속·재료학회 2018 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.14 No.4

Herein, we report the effect 50 keV nitrogen ion implantation at varying fluence on the optical properties of graphenenanosheets (number of layers < 5). Initially, graphene nanosheets synthesized by the direct liquid exfoliation of graphitelayers were deposited on a cleaned Si-substrate by drop cast method. These graphene nanosheets are implanted with 50 keVnitrogen-ion beam at six different fluences. Raman spectroscopic results show that the D, D′ and G peak get broadened upto the nitrogen ion fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2, while 2D peak of graphene nanosheets disappeared for nitrogen-ions havefluence more than 1014ions/cm2. However, further increase of fluence causes the indistinguishable superimposition of D,D′ and G peaks. Surface contact potential value analysis for ion implanted graphene nanosheets shows the increase in defectconcentration from 1.15 × 1012 to 1.98 × 1014 defects/cm2 with increasing the nitrogen ion fluence, which resembles theFermi level shift towards conduction band. XRD spectra confirmed that the crystallinity of graphene nanosheets was foundto tamper with increasing fluence. These results revealed that the limit of nitrogen ion implantation resistant on the vibrationalbehaviors for graphene nanosheets was 1015ions/cm2 that opens up the scope of application of graphene nanosheetsin device fabrication for ion-active environment and space applications.

Study of electrospun polycarbosilane (PCS) nanofibrous web by needle-less technique

Mukesh Kumar Sinha,Biswa Ranjan Das,Raghwesh Mishra,Ashok Ranjan,Anurag Srivastava,Arvind Kumar Saxena 한국의류학회 2014 Fashion and Textiles Vol.1 No.1

This study reports on the various functional characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) nanofibrous web. The SiC nanofibrous web was spun by the electrospinning technique using Nano Spider (needle-less) machine. The as-spun nanofibrous web was cured to 180°C and subsequently, pyrolized at 1000°C under inert nitrogen (N2) atmosphere to convert into silicon carbide nanofibrous web. The various properties of SiC web is characterized by using FESEM, Thermal Analysis, X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Profilomertry. FESEM microphotographs indicated the interconnected fibres leading to pores of prepared SiC Nanofibrous web. Deep rooted fibre surface porosity was revealed by AFM. The thermal behavior of as-spun, cured and pyrolized PCS webs are influenced by the heat treatment at different temperatures. The surface roughness changes with the heat treatment of PCS nanofibrous webs. The pyrolized web carries higher surface roughness as compared to as-spun and cured webs. The EDX plots indicated the presence of C and Si elements in pyrolized PCS nanofibrous web.

Formulation and characterization of ternary complex of sublingual film of buspirone hydrochloride

Renuka Mishra,Arun Sharma,Tejal Mehta,Mukesh Gohel 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.4

Taste masked sublingual film of buspirone hydrochloride (BH) was developed with the objectives of taste masking, fast disintegration, increased dissolution and better patient compliance. The film was formulated using Polyox WSRN-10, polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) K-30 and propylene glycol as a plasticizer. Taste masking was obtained by ternary complexation between BH, β-cyclodextrin and PVP K-30. Optimized batch contained 3 % w/v of Polyox WSR N-10, 2 % w/v PVP K-30 and propylene glycol (20 % weight of Polyox WSR N-10). The optimized formulation also contained BH: β-CD (1:1.5 molar ratio), BH: sucralose (1:0.5 ratio) and 0.15 ml orange flavour. This batch was evaluated for % elongation, tensile strength, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. In-vitro permeation studies employing rabbit sublingual mucosa, indicated higher drug permeability at the ventral surface than at the bottom surface of the mouth. In-vivo absorption studies in rabbits revealed that 50.27 ± 5.24 % of BH was absorbed sublingually from film within 5 min. The kinetics of in vivo drug absorbed from sublingual film in human volunteers indicated that there is no significant difference between ex vivo and in vivo data obtained for the drug absorption. The formulation, subjected to stability studies at 25 ˚C/60 % RH for 2 months, showed good stability indicating suitable packaging and storage conditions.

Assessment of Genetic Variability in Two North Indian Buffalo Breeds Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

Sodhi, M.,Mukesh, M.,Anand, A.,Bhatia, S.,Mishra, B.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9

Murrah and NiliRavi are the important North Indian buffalo breeds occupying the prominent position of being the highest milk producers. These breeds are more or less similar at morphological as well as physiological levels. The technique of RAPD-PCR was applied in the present study to identify a battery of suitable random primers to detect genetic polymorphism, elucidation of the genetic structure and rapid assessment of the differences in the genetic composition of these two breeds. A total of 50 random primers were screened in 24 animals each of Murrah and NiliRavi buffaloes to generate RAPD patterns. Of these, 26 (52%) primers amplified the buffalo genome generating 263 reproducible bands. The number of polymorphic bands for the 26 chosen RAPD primers varied from 3 (OPG 06 and B4) to 26 (OPJ 04) with an average of 10.1 bands per primer and size range of 0.2 to 3.2 kb. DNA was also pooled and analyzed to search for population specific markers. Two breed specific RAPD alleles were observed in each of Murrah (OPA02 and OPG16) and NiliRavi (OPG09) DNA pools. RAPD profiles revealed that 11 (4.2%) bands were common to all the 48 individuals of Murrah and NiliRavi buffaloes. Pair-wise band sharing calculated among the individual animals indicated considerable homogeneity of individuals within the breeds. Within breed, band sharing values were relatively greater than those of interbreed values. The low genetic distance (Nei's) value (0.109) estimated in this study is in accordance with the origin and geographical distribution of these breeds. The RAPD analysis indicated high level of genetic similarity between these two important North Indian buffalo breeds.

The Single Cigarette Economy in India - a Back of the Envelope Survey to Estimate its Magnitude

Lal, Pranay,Kumar, Ravinder,Ray, Shreelekha,Sharma, Narinder,Bhattarcharya, Bhaktimay,Mishra, Deepak,Sinha, Mukesh K.,Christian, Anant,Rathinam, Arul,Singh, Gurbinder Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: Sale of single cigarettes is an important factor for early experimentation, initiation and persistence of tobacco use and a vital factor in the smoking epidemic in India as it is globally. Single cigarettes also promote the sale of illicit cigarettes and neutralises the effect of pack warnings and effective taxation, making tobacco more accessible and affordable to minors. This is the first study to our knowledge which estimates the size of the single stick market in India. Materials and Methods: In February 2014, a 10 jurisdiction survey was conducted across India to estimate the sale of cigarettes in packs and sticks, by brands and price over a full business day. Results: We estimate that nearly 75% of all cigarettes are sold as single sticks annually, which translates to nearly half a billion US dollars or 30 percent of the India's excise revenues from all cigarettes. This is the price which the consumers pay but is not captured through tax and therefore pervades into an informal economy. Conclusions: Tracking the retail price of single cigarettes is an efficient way to determine the willingness to pay by cigarette smokers and is a possible method to determine the tax rates in the absence of any other rationale.

GI Surgery

( Narayan Prasad Belbase ),( Aditya Kumar Jalan ),( Hari Upadhyay ),( Rohit Mishra ),( Mukesh Karki ),( Sujit Kumar ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of liver injuries managed operatively or non-operatively and predict factors affecting morbidity and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 40 liver injuries managed in the department of Surgical Gastroenterology at College of Medical Sciences over a period of 2 years. The liver injury was classified in accordance with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma liver injury scoring scale. Patients were divided into two groups those managed operatively or non-operatively and were compared in terms of demographic profile and outcome. Results: Forty patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 29.95years. Male predominance was seen with 72.5% of the cases. Road traffic accidents were the commonest mode of injury seen in 72.5% cases. The mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) and Injury severity score (ISS) were 7.11and 22.58. The mean systolic BP, hospital stay and ICU stay were 93.80 mm of mercury, 11.55 days and 3.55 days respectively. Twenty six patients (65%) were initially managed non-operatively and 14 patients were managed operatively. Five patients had to be converted to operative management for hemodynamic instability. Mortality was 7.6% in patient undergoing non-operative management and 21.43% in patients managed operatively. Low systolic BP at presentation, low RTS score, high ISS score, high AST, ALT and prothrombin time were significantly associated with operative management and mortality. Conclusions: Patients with hemodynamic instability, low RTS score, high ISS score, high liver enzymes have high likelihood of operative management.