Antibacterial activity of flower of Melia azedarach Linn. and identification of its metabolites

Muhammad, Munira Taj,Lubna, Lubna,Fayyaz, Nida,Tauseef, Saima,Razaq, Ummarah,Versiani, Muhammad Ali,Ahmad, Aqeel,Faizi, Shaheen,Rasheed, Munawwer The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Constituents of eight different extracts and fractions, obtained from flowers of Melia azedarach, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectral library search. Altogether, 38 phytochemicals were identified, all for the first time from the flowers. Only 14 of these were known from parts of M. azedarach other than flowers, while 24 are reported for the first time from any part of the plant. These metabolites included branched and n-hydrocarbons, aromatics, a polyisoprenoid, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and fatty alcohols, which were found to be different from its essential oil constituents. One major constituent 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4) was not only identified but also isolated as a pure compound from ethyl acetate extract. Extracts, compound 4 and its derivatives gallic acid and methyl gallate were tested for antimicrobial potential. Gallic acid and methyl gallate exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Methyl gallate also showed some activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium. hofmannii. Among the extracts, only methanol extract exhibited activity against Pseudomonas sp. The extracts only inhibited the growth of dermatophytic fungi.

Translation, Adaptation and Cross Language Validation of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in Urdu

Muhammad Aqeel,Ammar Ahmed 대한청각학회 2018 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.22 No.1

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is characterized as a perception of numerous auditorysounds in absence of external stimulus. Tinnitus can have a considerable consequence ona person’s quality of life, and is considered to be very complicated to quantify. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the reliability and validity of Urdu translation of the Tinnitus HandicapInventory (THI) in Pakistan. It was designed to assess the presence of various auditorysounds without the external stimulus. Scale consisted of 25 items having three subscalesfunctional, emotional, and catastrophic. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised intotwo stages, preliminary and main studies. The results of preliminary study revealed that theoverall scale had high internal consistency [alpha coefficient of Urdu version of THI (THIU)=0.99, alpha coefficient of English version of THI=0.98]. The overall scale had test-retestcorrelation over a fifteen days period of interval (0.99). Main study was performed on 110tinnitus patients. The results of main study showed that the internal consistency and reliabilityof Urdu version was (α=0.93). The THI-U and its subscales demonstrated good internalconsistency reliability ( α =0.81 to 0.86). Results: High to moderate correlations werenoted between tinnitus symptom ratings. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validatethe three subscales of THI-U, and high inter-correlations were found between thesubscales also results revealed that a three-factor model for the THI-U was most tenable. The results displayed that the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed to validate the threesubscales of THI-U. Conclusion: THI-U might present important information about precisefacets of tinnitus distress along with diagnostic interviews in clinical practice.

A study of Youth Voice, Empowerment and Participation of Adolescents Engagement

Muhammad Aqeel Mughal,안권순 한국청소년학회 2016 청소년학연구 Vol.23 No.7

This study aims to figure out how youth voice, empowerment and participation of adolescents engagement the best understood as a period of transition from the independence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. To fulfill this purpose, this study sets following questions, What a refine the definitions of voice, empowerment, participation of adolescents engagement. This study investigates synthesis of literature, participatory observations and case studies. This study comes up with following conclusions. A preliminary model of Systematic Degree of Engagement specifying the relationship between youth voice, empowerment, and participation has been developed and discussed. One of the key issues in developing the model has been that existing literature has rarely made distinctions between voice, empowerment, and participation. Therefore, this writing built on existing literature by defining distinctions among these constructs. After distinctions between concepts were made a model was derived: Systematic Degree of Engagement. From this research, program designers are able to develop programs and assess existing programs that foster youth engagement. Researchers benefit from this thesis in understanding the distinctions in voice, empowerment, participation, and engagement. The findings of this thesis are the distinctions in terminology of voice, empowerment, participation, and engagement; as well as, a model illustrating these terms independence and inter-relatedness.

An overview of the role of ionic liquids in biodiesel reactions

Nawshad Muhammad,Yasir A. Elsheikh,Muhammad Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib,Zakaria Man,Ihsnullah khan,Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi,Rahmat Ali Khan,Hidayatullah Khan,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

The concerns on the depleting petroleum resources and increasing environmental problems have driventhe scientific community worldwide to develop large-scale non-petroleum-based alternative fuels, suchas bioethanol and biodiesel. Biodiesel produced through the transesterification of vegetable oils oranimal fats are highly attractive. On the other hand, ionic liquids which possess properties that aremoreenvironmental friendly have found significant applications as solvents and catalysts for reaction andseparation. It is also beginning to find its way in many of the chemical process applications and hasattracted significant attention including biodiesel production. This paper provides a brief overview onthe feasibility of applying ionic liquids in biodiesel production for the purpose of powering diesel enginesfor transportation and utility generation. The potential of applying ionic liquids as catalyst and solventfor enzymatic production of biodiesel from feedstock is particularly highlighted.

Effects of Size and Aggregation/Agglomeration of Nanoparticles on the Interfacial/Interphase Properties and Tensile Strength of Polymer Nanocomposites

Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel,Peng, Wanxi,Zare, Yasser,Rhee, Kyong Yop Springer US 2018 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.13 No.1

<P>In this study, several simple equations are suggested to investigate the effects of size and density on the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites. In addition, the roles of nanoparticle size and interphase thickness in the interfacial/interphase properties and tensile strength of nanocomposites are explained by various equations. The aggregates/agglomerates of nanoparticles are also assumed as large particles in nanocomposites, and their influences on the nanoparticle characteristics, interface/interphase properties, and tensile strength are discussed. The small size advantageously affects the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles. Only 2 g of isolated and well-dispersed nanoparticles with radius of 10 nm (<I>R</I> = 10 nm) and density of 2 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP> produce the significant interfacial area of 250 m<SUP>2</SUP> with polymer matrix. Moreover, only a thick interphase cannot produce high interfacial/interphase parameters and significant mechanical properties in nanocomposites because the filler size and aggregates/agglomerates also control these terms. It is found that a thick interphase (<I>t</I> = 25 nm) surrounding the big nanoparticles (<I>R</I> = 50 nm) only improves the <I>B</I> interphase parameter to about 4, while <I>B</I> = 13 is obtained by the smallest nanoparticles and the thickest interphase.</P>

Homomorphic Encryption Technologies for Cloud Computing

Khowla Khaliq,Muhammad Usman Bilal,Rimsha Khalid,Muhammad Waseem Iqbal,Muhammad Aqeel,Muhammad Adnan Khan 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Security is the major concern about data especially when we are storing it on the cloud and handing over it to the third force as the cloud resource supplier. We store our important data on the cloud in the shape of cipher-text but we have to convert it to plain text to perform calculations on it, which disturb its security including confidentiality, privacy, authentication, etc. so, our ultimate goal was to introduce some of the best encryption technique for securing data. In this regard, we have discussed Homomorphic Encryption (HE) in our paper. This survey is shown how HE could be used to make secure data on the cloud. HE is a technique in which data (plaintext) is converted in cipher-text (unreadable format). Users can perform required calculations on encrypted data without decrypting it and which does not affect the original form of data. This paper aims to focus on the fully homomorphic encryption technique. For this purpose, many approaches were analyzed and we suggested the best approach at the end of the paper.

Antibacterial activity of flower of Melia azedarach Linn. and identification of its metabolites

Munira Taj Muhammad,Lubna,Nida Fayyaz,Saima Tauseef,Ummarah Razaq,Muhammad Ali Versiani,Aqeel Ahmad,Shaheen Faizi,Munawwer Rasheed 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Constituents of eight different extracts and fractions, obtained from flowers of Melia azedarach, were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and mass spectral library search. Altogether, 38 phytochemicals were identified, all for the first time from the flowers. Only 14 of these were known from parts of M. azedarach other than flowers, while 24 are reported for the first time from any part of the plant. These metabolites included branched and n-hydrocarbons, aromatics, a polyisoprenoid, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and fatty alcohols, which were found to be different from its essential oil constituents. One major constituent 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4) was not only identified but also isolated as a pure compound from ethyl acetate extract. Extracts, compound 4 and its derivatives gallic acid and methyl gallate were tested for antimicrobial potential. Gallic acid and methyl gallate exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Methyl gallate also showed some activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium. hofmannii. Among the extracts, only methanol extract exhibited activity against Pseudomonas sp. The extracts only inhibited the growth of dermatophytic fungi.

Membrane separation processes for dehydration of bioethanol from fermentation broths: Recent developments, challenges, and prospects

Khalid, Azqa,Aslam, Muhammad,Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul,Faisal, Abrar,Khan, Asim Laeeq,Ahmed, Faisal,Lee, Moonyong,Kim, Jeonghwan,Jang, Nulee,Chang, In Seop,Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed,Yasin, Muhammad Elsevier 2019 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bioethanol has garnered a great interest as a potential energy source, mainly due to its sustainable and green nature. Generally, bioethanol is produced through the microbial conversion of biomass and biomass derived syngas. However, the dehydration and purification steps for achieving fuel-grade ethanol from the microbial production process consume tremendous amounts of energy. This high energy consumption limits the feasibility of microbial ethanol production on the commercial scale. In this context, selection of an optimal technology for product separation is essential for successful commercialization of microbially produced bioethanol. This article presents the recent developments in dehydration and purification technologies for bioethanol production using distillation and membrane based separation. Distillation and pervaporation are analyzed on the basis of the overall energy requirement, consumption, and economics. Pervaporation-assisted distillation approaches are also examined from the perspective of process systems engineering, including factors affecting the system performance. Furthermore, the role of simulation in technological development along with available mathematical models is discussed, and commercial status of pervaporation based separation is presented. Finally, the current status of the existing technology, challenges, and future research directions are identified from the perspective of achieving process sustainability on the industrial scale. Economic comparison between distillation and different hybrid schemes revealed that integrating distillation with membrane based separation techniques reduce the bioethanol production cost. Moreover, hybrid schemes that combine distillation with pervaporation, and steam stripping with vapor permeation are proved to be the best combinations for the cheapest bioethanol production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent developments in dehydration of bioethanol are presented. </LI> <LI> Conventional and membrane-based technologies are compared. </LI> <LI> Integrating pervaporation with distillation reduce the bioethanol production cost. </LI> <LI> The most economical hybrid schemes for bioethanol separation is identified. </LI> <LI> Operational optimization and thermodynamic evaluation of hybrid processes are required. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Brain Tumor Prediction through Behavior Analysis of Cells Growth Using Machine Learning Techniques

Nouh Sabri Elmitwally,Muhammad Aqib Freed,Muhammad Waseem Iqbal,Aasma Ashraf,Farukh Muneem,Muhammad Aqeel 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Brain tumor is a very terrible disease. Brain tumor is caused by an increased number of cells. The presence of the skull layer around the brain makes it tough in studying the behavior of growth cells. It also raises the complication for the identification of disease. The initial discovery of a brain tumor is necessary to defend the survival of patients. Frequently, the brain cancer segmentation, and classification through the MRI images technique. Though, the radiologists are not providing actual visualization of brain cells in MRI images due to the irregular growth of cells, which forms of cells are growing rapidly and slow at some stage in brain tumors in the brain. So, automatic strategies are required to evaluate thoughts tumors exactly from MRI images in this research automatic, MRI brain tumors are used for classification, segmentation, and Behavior analysis of cell growth. The problem of visualization of cell growth and behavior analysis of brain cells is solved through MRI images which enhance the detection of cancer. To analyze the behavior of cell growth, which forms of cells are growing rapidly and slow at some stage in brain tumors, and analyze the area of images in which type of cells is affected. Single models are less efficient. We will use ensemble models which would also be helpful for better performance and accuracy.

Studying Control Strategies for Dimensional Precision in Aerospace Parts Machining

Waqas Saleem,Hassan Ijaz,Muhammad Zain-ul-Abdein,Aqeel Ahmed Taimoor,Wang Yunqiao 한국정밀공학회 2017 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.18 No.1

Dimensional instability in machined aerospace parts is a complex engineering problem which is contributed by many factors. Mainly, the machining stresses developed during the part’s material cutting, cause dimensional imperfections. The complex interaction of mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical transformations makes it difficult to establish the exact reasoning of part’s desired dimensional instability. The research work presented here deals with the investigations of machining stresses and subsequent dimensional deformations in aerospace grade aluminum alloys. A commercial finite analysis code is applied to simulate the residual stresses and machining process. The stress profiles developed from the numerical simulations are compared with standard curves. The actual machined part’s deviations are measured on a CMM (coordinate measuring machine). The experimental and numerical results are found consistent with each other. This validates the control strategies adopted to simulate the machining stresses and resultant deformations.