Translation, Adaptation and Cross Language Validation of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in Urdu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is characterized as a perception of numerous auditorysounds in absence of external stimulus. Tinnitus can have a considerable consequence ona person’s quality of life, and is considered to be very complicated to quantify. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the reliability and validity of Urdu translation of the Tinnitus HandicapInventory (THI) in Pakistan. It was designed to assess the presence of various auditorysounds without the external stimulus. Scale consisted of 25 items having three subscalesfunctional, emotional, and catastrophic. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised intotwo stages, preliminary and main studies. The results of preliminary study revealed that theoverall scale had high internal consistency [alpha coefficient of Urdu version of THI (THIU)=0.99, alpha coefficient of English version of THI=0.98]. The overall scale had test-retestcorrelation over a fifteen days period of interval (0.99). Main study was performed on 110tinnitus patients. The results of main study showed that the internal consistency and reliabilityof Urdu version was (α=0.93). The THI-U and its subscales demonstrated good internalconsistency reliability ( α =0.81 to 0.86). Results: High to moderate correlations werenoted between tinnitus symptom ratings. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validatethe three subscales of THI-U, and high inter-correlations were found between thesubscales also results revealed that a three-factor model for the THI-U was most tenable.
The results displayed that the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed to validate the threesubscales of THI-U. Conclusion: THI-U might present important information about precisefacets of tinnitus distress along with diagnostic interviews in clinical practice.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Monzani D, "Validity of the Italian adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; focus on quality of life and psychological distress in tinnitus-sufferers" 28 : 126-134, 2008

2 Kleinjung T, "Validation of the German-version Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 34 (34): S140-S142, 2007

3 Tabachnick BG, "Using multivariate statistics" Allyn and Bacon 2001

4 Brislin RW, "Translation: applications and research" Gardner Press 1976

5 한병인, "Tinnitus: Characteristics, Causes, Mechanisms, and Treatments" 대한신경과학회 5 (5): 11-19, 2009

6 Habets B, "The complete guide to tinnitus: a practical guide to understanding and treating tinnitus" Carnell 1995

7 Aksoy S, "The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of validity and reliability" 13 : 94-98, 2007

8 Lee So Young, "Roles of Cognitive Characteristics in Tinnitus Patients" 대한의학회 19 (19): 864-869, 2004

9 Zachariae R, "Reliability and validity of a Danish adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 29 : 37-43, 2000

10 Zhaoli Meng, "Reliability and Validity of the Chinese (Mandarin) Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 대한이비인후과학회 5 (5): 10-17, 2012

11 Jalali MM, "Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-P)" 27 : 83-94, 2015

12 Kam AC, "Psychometric properties of the Chinese (Cantonese) Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 34 : 309-315, 2009

13 Ghulyan-Bedikian V, "Psychometric properties of a French adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 36 : 390-396, 2010

14 Newman CW, "Psychometric adequacy of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) for evaluating treatment outcome" 9 : 153-160, 1998

15 Shargorodsky J, "Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults" 123 : 711-718, 2010

16 Sardar S, "Optical character recognition system for Urdu" IEEE 2010

17 Herraiz C, "Handicap evaluation in tinnitus patients" 52 : 534-538, 2001

18 Hambleton RK, "Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests: a progress report" 10 : 229-244, 1994

19 Baguley DM, "Factor analysis of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 12 : 31-34, 2003

20 Urbina S, "Essentials of psychological testing" John C Wiley & Sons, Inc 2004

21 Crummer RW, "Diagnostic approach to tinnitus" 69 : 120-126, 2004

22 Newman CW, "Development of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 122 : 143-148, 1996

23 Zacharia T, "Development and standardization of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in Kannada" 17 : 117-123, 2012

24 Schmidt LP, "Brazilian Portuguese language version of the "Tinnitus Handicap Inventory": validity and reproducibility" 72 : 808-810, 2006

25 Osborne JW, "Best practices in quantitative methods" SAGE Publications, Inc 2008

26 Kleinstauber M, "A confirmatory factor analytic validation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 78 : 277-284, 2015

27 Oron Y, "A Hebrew adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory" 50 : 426-430, 2011