TANG JIYAO AND SUN YAT-SEN : REFORM, REVOLUTION AND THE STRUGGLE FOR SOUTHERN CHINA

MORAN, CRAIG JOSEPH University of Michigan 1992 해외박사

The structure of attentional biases in anxiety: A latent variable analysis of anxiety-related modulations of attentional control

Moran, Timothy Patrick Michigan State University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Anxiety is reliably associated with an attentional bias such that anxious individuals selectively attend to negative or threatening information (Bar-Haim et al, 2007). More recent work has found that anxious individuals are also more distractible by physically salient, yet affectively neutral stimuli (Moser et al, 2012; Moran & Moser, 2015). The present study extended these findings by examining the interrelationships between anxiety, distraction by threat, distraction by physical salience and more general cognitive abilities, such as working memory capacity and perceptual/motor Speed, in 200 undergraduates. In this study, I aimed to answer three primary questions: 1) does performance in attention tasks involving affective stimuli and performance in those involving neutral, salient stimuli rely on similar or dissociable mechanisms? 2) Does anxiety independently predict performance in these types of tasks or does it predict attentional performance in a more domain-general way? 3) Can the relationship between anxiety and attention be better accounted for by deficits in working memory capacity and perceptual/motor Speed?. A series of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that attention tasks differed as a function of the type of distracter: those that appeared at the same time as the target and those that appeared as an abrupt onset prior to the target. Tasks involving neutral and negative stimuli loaded together on the same factors. A series of structural equation models revealed that 1) anxiety predicted the variance that was shared between these types of tasks rather than the specific types of tasks and 2) the association between anxiety and attention could not be completely accounted for by working memory capacity and perceptual/motor speed. These findings provide some support for theories proposing that anxiety's wide-ranging relationships with cognition are reducible to deficits in general abilities; however, they also demonstrate unique associations between anxiety and attentional control.

Research on the Cutting Force Modeling and Machinability of Electrical Discharge Assisted Milling Process

Moran, Xu 영남대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

현재 제조 산업은 어려운 가공 재료 처리에 직면하고 있으며, 이러한 재료에는 단단한 합금, 세라믹, 복합 재료 등이 포함된다. 이러한 재료들은 우수한 성능과 특성을 가지고 있으며, 항공우주, 에너지, 자동차 및 기타 산업 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 재료들은 높은 경도, 고온 내성 및 취성 때문에 기존의 방법을 사용하여 가공하기 어렵다. 단일 가공 기술만으로는 모든 요구 사항을 충족시키기 어려워 하이브리드 가공 기술의 발전을 촉발하였다. 이 접근 방식은 하이브리드 가공에서 서로 다른 공정들의 결합 또는 상호 강화를 활용하여 단일 공정을 적용할 때 발생할 수 있는 부정적인 영향을 효과적으로 회피하거나 줄이기 위한 것이다. 이러한 어려움을 고려하여 전기 방전 보조 밀링 (EDAM)이라는 혁신적인 하이브리드 가공 공정이 소개되었다. EDAM 공정은 먼저 전기 방전의 열 효과를 활용하여 가공 영역을 연화시키고, 이를통해 재료의 가공성을 향상시킨다. 그 후 고속 밀링을 통해 효율적인 가공이 수행된다. EDAM 하이브리드 가공 공정은 절삭 힘의 효과적인 감소, 표면 품질의 향상 및 공구 수명의 연장을 입증하였다. EDAM 방법의 가공성을 더 향상시키기 위해 유연한 전극 기반의 EDAM 가공 접근 방식이 제안되었다. 기존의 전극과 비교하여 유연한 전극과 EDAM 도구의 우수성이 강조되었다. 또한, 전기 방전 가공에서 발생하는 열원의 증가로 인해 재료 제거 메커니즘이 더욱 복잡해진다. 따라서 EDAM 가공과 관련된 물리적 프로세스에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 위해서는 하이브리드 온도 영역과 관련된 다중 영역 온도 분포 및 관련 메커니즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 하이브리드 온도 분야의 맥락에서 다중 온도 분포 및 관련 메커니즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이러한 이해는 절삭 힘에 대한 이론 모델의 유도와 가공 품질의 정밀한 제어를 위한 이론적 지침을 제공함으로써 가공 품질의 정밀한 제어를 위한 이론적 지침을 제공한다. The current manufacturing industry is facing challenges in processing difficult-to-machine materials, such as tough hard alloys, ceramics, and composite materials. These materials possess exceptional performance and characteristics and are widely utilized in aerospace, energy, automotive, and other sectors. However, their high hardness, high temperature resistance, and brittleness make them difficult to be processed using conventional methods. Single processing techniques may not meet all the requirements, which has led to the development of hybrid machining. This approach leverages the combination or mutual enhancement of different processes in hybrid machining to effectively avoid or reduce the adverse effects that may arise when a single process is applied. In light of these challenges, a novel hybrid machining process called Electrical Discharge Assisted Milling (EDAM) has been introduced. The EDAM process first utilizes the thermal effect of electrical discharge to soften the machining zone, thereby improving the machinability of the material. Subsequently, high-speed milling is performed to achieve efficient machining. The EDAM hybrid machining process has demonstrated effective reduction in cutting forces, improvement in surface quality, and extension of tool life. To further enhance the machinability of the EDAM method, a flexible electrode-based EDAM machining approach has been proposed. By comparing it with a conventional electrode, the superiority of the flexible electrode in conjunction with EDAM tools is emphasized. Additionally, due to the increased thermal source from electrical discharge machining, the material removal mechanism becomes more complex. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the physical processes involved in EDAM machining necessitates research on the multi-field temperature distribution and relevant mechanisms in the context of hybrid temperature fields. This understanding will facilitate the derivation of theoretical models for cutting forces and the optimization of their parameters, ultimately providing theoretical guidance for the precise control of machining quality.

Office automation : debunking the myths concerning its impact on the individual and the organization, a case study

Moran, Lisa N Mich., UMI 1982 국내박사

(A) Study of establishing an FTA between South Korea and El Salvador

Gracia Ivonne, Bonilla Moran 우석대학교 2011 국내석사

ABSTRACT 초록 한국과 엘실바도르 FTA체결에 관한 연구 우석대학교 대학원 국제비즈니스학과 국제무역 전공 이본 최근 세계 각국들은 국내저축의 증대와 지속 가능한 발전을 위해 상호적인 양자관계를 구축할 수 있는 나라들과 FTA를 체결하는 방안을 모색하기 시작했다. 예를 들어 멕시코의 경우 성공적인 FTA 적용의 모델로 일컬어지는데 1993년에 603억 달러였던 수출이 1994년 NAFTA (북미자유무역협정) 체결 이후 2006년에는 GDP의 41%에 해당하는 2,503억 달러에 이르게 된 것을 주목할 수 있다. FTA의 이점으로는 투자증대, 새로운 공급망과 생산, 소비자의 선택확대, 새로운 협력체계 구축과 시장 확대의 기회를 들 수 있다. 주요 저해요인으로는 보조금 등을 들 수 있다. 기본적으로 본 연구에 있어서 적용될 이론으로는 각 국가들은 두 국가들 간에 국제적 차원에서의 자유무역 지역을 형성할 수 있기 위한 자유 경제체제를 구축하여야 한다는 국제무역 이론과, 서로 다른 단계에 있는 국가들 간에 시장통합의 결과로서 변화를 추구하는 시장통합 이론 (관세동맹이론)을 들 수 있다. 엘살바도르는 경제자유도 측면에서 중미 전체에서 가장 높은 경제자유도를 보이고 (월스트리트저널, 해리티지 재단) 있는데 전체 183개국 중 39위를 기록하고 있다. 주요산업으로는 농산물가공, 식음료, 화학, 비료, 섬유, 가구, 경금속, 역외 가공수출, 커피, 사탕수수, 새우, 전력을 들 수 있다. 한국은 세계 11위 경제대국인 동시에 아시아 3위의 경제대국이다. 한국의 주요 산업으로는 조선, 건설, 반도체, 자동차, 전자산업을 들 수 있다. 엘살바도르와 한국 양국은 1962년 국교수립 이후 70년대부터 다양한 협력과 투자협정을 조인해왔다. 엘살바도르와 한국 간 자유무역 협정을 제안하는 주목적은 모든 관세/비관세적 장벽을 제거함으로서 제품과 용역, 투자의 제약이 없는 자유무역지역을 창설하는데 있다. 이러한 자유무역은 모든 산업부문에서 더 많은 비즈니스 기회를 창출하고 더 많은 고용과 생활수준의 향상, 그리고 양국간의 무역과 투자 확대를 가져올 것이다. 엘살바도르와 한국 간 양국의 경제 구조와 성격으로 볼 때 가장 크게는 한국은 엘살바도르의 원자재를 무관세로 수입하고, 반대로 엘살바도르는 한국의 전자제품의 무관세로 수입하는 형태로 상호보완을 이룰 수 있을 것이다. 양국 간의 자유무역은 엘살바도르 경제에 있어 주요 국가와의 경제관계의 지평을 넓히는 동시에 동아시아 시장에서의 활동 강화와 범태평양 비즈니스에 있어서의 근거지가 될 것이다. 또한 한국의 중미국가들과의 밀접한 관계 및 양지역 간 무역관계 증대에 대한 관심을 감안한다면 엘살바도르와의 FTA는 궁극적으로 한국이 중미지역 모든 국가와 FTA를 확대하는데 발판이 될 것이다.

Molecular mechanisms of peripheral B lymphocyte development

Moran, Stewart Thomas, III Harvard University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The development of mature B cell populations is dependent on the signals the immature lymphocyte receives from its environment. The signals generated through the B cell receptor of antigen (BCR) are of utmost importance, as its deletion results in a complete absence of all peripheral B cell populations. Here, three questions regarding how BCR signaling influences B cell development are addressed: (1) How is the transcription factor NF-kappaB activated following stimulation through the BCR?, (2) How does the NF-kappaB subunit p50 influence B cell development?, and (3) How does the BCR influence lineage choice during B cell development?. To address the first question we show that a novel protein kinase, PKK (Protein Kinase-C associated Kinase; RIP4/DIK) activates NFkappaB in both a kinase-dependent and a kinase-independent manner and functionally lies downstream of activated PKC. Moreover, we show that while the overexpression of a catalytically inactive form of PKK in the B lineage results in a block in development, a null mutation in PKK has no effect, suggesting a redundant role for PKK in B lymphocyte biology. Second, in NF-kappaB1/p50 mutant mice there is a significant reduction in the number of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Here, we attempt to identify the p50 target genes that are required for MZ B cell development. Through gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays we find that p50 positively and directly regulates the Notch target hairy/enhancer of split (Hes) 5, a gene that may play a role in B lymphocyte development. Additionally, we show that the p50 null mutation enhances the MZ B cell phenotype seen in the Notch2 haploinsufficient mouse. Taken together our data are consistent with the model that NF-kappaB and Notch cooperate in the development of peripheral B cell populations. Finally, our laboratory has suggested, based on the analysis of Aiolos null and xid mice, that BCR signal strength can influence B cell development. An expectation of this model is that B lymphocytes with the same BCR will receive identical signals and will, therefore, differentiate along the same lineage. Using a "quasi-monoclonal" mouse model we show that this is indeed the case. Additionally, we use this model to better define transitional B cell populations and to place Notch2 in a hierarchy with the BCR.

The Importance of Professional Development: A Single-Case Study Analysis

Moran, Kathleen Frances Harvard University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This study is designed to examine how an urban elementary school used professional development as a part of a whole-school change initiative. The goal is to offer insight into the opportunities and challenges that a school encounters in using professional development to make systemic changes that will be long-lasting and that will have a positive impact on student achievement. This research is important because of the need to understand and critique the many whole-school change initiatives at schools across the country. To better understand the use of best practices in the change process, I will pose the following research questions: (1) How did a Reading First school use professional development as a means of increasing student achievement? (2) Based on documents and recollections of teachers and administrators, what aspects of this change initiative led to changes in instructional practice? I will conduct a qualitative case study at the Urban School (pseudonym), an inner-city elementary school that received the Reading First grant in 2003. I will identify whether the professional development had an impact on instruction, and whether these teaching improvements have remained in place over time. Using several researchers that present data on the use of best practices, I will be able to explore the features that this site addressed as part of its professional development plan. I will include the works of Garet, et. al., Newmann, et. al., and Desimone, et. al. who have identified key features of successful professional development implementation plans that surface through the data collection and analysis. I will present the key factors of best practice that emerge including: active learning such as observations within the classroom, collective participation of groups of teachers that can lead to shared opportunities for teachers to discuss the professional development experiences, and the principal as a source of support that can reinforce the change process. The findings will include the idea that when professional development is planned with key features in mind, the results can be improvements in instructional practice, increased collegiality, and an impact on the school's culture that leads to a common understanding about improving student achievement.

Electrokinetic Locomotion

Moran, Jeffrey Lawrence University of Washington 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

The past decade has seen the rapid development of synthetic particles capable of propelling themselves at the micro- and nanometer scale through aqueous media. Several groundbreaking experiments have shown these so-called "nanomotors" to be capable of performing several useful microscale tasks. However, alongside this progress, the need has arisen to understand the physical mechanisms governing their motion, as well as the limitations on their capabilities. Explanations of the propulsion mechanisms driving synthetic nanomotors are critical not only for providing insight into novel physical phenomena, but also to guide and inform the design and implementation of nanomotors and nanomachines. Bimetallic rods, 2 microns in length, were first shown to move autonomously using hydrogen peroxide fuel in 2004. Since then, a number of theories have been proposed to explain how these particles convert chemical energy in the hydrogen peroxide to kinetic energy of motion. The leading theory states that the rod functions as a short-circuited electrochemical cell, with electrochemical reactions occurring asymmetrically on its surface. These reactions are thought to generate an electric field, which propels the particle via electrophoresis. However, until now, this mechanism has not received a rigorous theoretical treatment as it applies to bimetallic rods, hindering the development of these particles for practical applications. The goals of this dissertation are (i) to understand physically the motion of self-propelling metallic particles with electrochemical surface reactions, and (ii) to characterize the limitations on the propulsion mechanism. To accomplish these goals, I construct a complete numerical model for the motors using the finite-element method. The model includes the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations with Frumkin-corrected Butler-Volmer boundary conditions to represent the surface reactions. I devote special attention to the transport phenomena occurring in the interfacial layer near the particle/solution interface, which play a key role in the locomotion. The model enables one to understand how the rods' motion depends on the properties of their environment, such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, solution electrical conductivity, and solution viscosity. The numerical simulations are complemented with a scaling analysis based on the governing equations, which makes definite, verifiable predictions of these dependences. One of the most important trends that has been observed experimentally is the significant decrease in speed induced by adding sub-millimolar concentrations of inert electrolyte. It is important to understand the physical reasons for the electrolyte-induced speed decrease, in order to know whether it is fundamental to this propulsion mechanism, or if there is some feasible means to circumvent it. Successful completion of this research will result in an improved understanding of the capabilities, as well as the risks and limits of applicability, of the bimetallic nanomotors for applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Potential applications of the rods include the targeted delivery of drugs in the human body, sensing of chemical impurities in drinking water, and as engines to drive fabrication of microscale structures.

Phonetics Information Base and Lexicon

Moran, Steven Paul University of Washington 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

In this dissertation, I investigate the linguistic and technological challenges involved in creating a cross-linguistic data set to undertake phonological typology. I then address the question of whether more sophisticated, knowledge-based approaches to data modeling, coupled with a broad cross-linguistic data set, can extend previous typological observations and provide new ways of querying segment inventories. The model that I implement facilitates testing typological observations by aligning data models to questions that typologists wish to ask. The technological infrastructure that I create is conducive to data sharing, extensibility and reproducibility of results. I use the data set and data models in this work to validate and extend previous typological observations. In doing so, I revisit the typological facts proposed in the linguistics literature about the size, shape and composition of segment inventories in the world's languages and find that they remain similar even with a much larger sample of languages. I also show that as the number of segment inventories increases, the number of distinct segments also continues to increase. And when vowel systems grow beyond the basic cardinal vowels, they do so first by length and nasalization, and then diphthongization. Moving beyond segments, I show that distinctive feature sets in general lack the typological representation needed to straightforwardly map sets of features to the segment types found in a broad set of language descriptions. Therefore, I extend a distinctive feature set, devise a method to computationally encode features by combining feature vectors and assigning them to segment types, and create a system in which users can query by feature, by sets of features that define natural classes, or by omitting features in queries to utilize the underspecification of segments. I use this system and reinvestigate proposed descriptive universals about phonological systems and find that some, but not all universals hold up to the more rigorous testing made possible with this larger data set and a graph data model. Lastly, I reevaluate one of the many purported correlations between a non-linguistic factor and language: the claim that there exists a relationship between population size and phoneme inventory size. I show that this finding is actually an artifact of a small data set, which constrains the use of more nuanced statistical approaches that can control for the genealogical relatedness of languages. Thus, in this work I illustrate how researchers can leverage the data set and data models that I have implemented to investigate different aspects of languages' phonological systems, including the possible impact of non-linguistic factors on phonology.

Investigating the effects of protein structural context and hydrophobic burial on the thermodynamic selectivity and reactivity of tryptophan indole and mononuclear metal ion cofactors

Moran, Sean Douglas Columbia University 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

The properties of the numerous protein-bound cofactors dedicated to structural, catalytic, and electron transfer functions are in many ways determined by their specific interactions with the protein microenvironment in which they are contained. The protein architectures that encase them often exclude water in favor of interactions that tune their properties in such a way as to promote efficient reactivity while disfavoring those configurations that lead to the formation of harmful side products. The use of designed proteins and peptides as model systems for natural proteins of interest has allowed the isolation of many such interactions in a controlled environment, providing a significant advantage over the study of the large and often overwhelmingly complex natural systems. Herein, the use of a monomeric four-alpha-helical bundle protein, alpha 4W, as a model system for the protein structural control of various physiologically important cofactors is explored. Initially, the alpha4W protein was used to study the effects of hydrophobic burial on the redox chemistry of the tryptophan indole side chain. The dimeric helix-turn-helix RNA binding protein Rop was redesigned to produce a series of variants of the alpha4W protein structure, each of which contains a single buried tryptophan residue within its hydrophobic core. The folding thermodynamics and global structural characteristics of each variant were assessed, and the reduction potential of the most stable variants was found to be 150 mV more positive than that of aqueous tryptophan analogs, reflecting the influence of the protein microenvironment. The design of cysteine- and histidine- containing metal binding sites into the hydrophobic core of alpha4W resulted in a series of compounds related to the ferredoxin maquettes in connectivity, yet significantly different in overall structure. Metal binding studies indicated a significant attenuation of Zn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) affinities relative to the corresponding GGG peptides, as well as significant differences in protonation behavior and the relative strengths of histidine-metal and cysteine-metal bonds likely due to charge compensation effects in the buried metal sites. The Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes are proposed as putative model systems for investigating the structure-function relationships of natural proteins including zinc-dependent transcription factors and [NiFe] hydrogenases. The Ni(II)-alpha4W-Cys 4 variant, containing a Ni(II) ion bound by four cysteine thiolates in a square-planar geometry as shown by EXAFS spectroscopy, is a rare example of an aqueous monomeric, mononuclear nickel-thiolate complex that will be useful in studies aimed at producing minimal hydrogenase-like proteins.