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Moon, Byung-Seok,Kim, Sang-Wook,Lee, Tae-Sup,Ahn, Soon-Hyuk,Lee, Kyo-Chul,An, Gwang-Il,Yang, Seung-Dae,Chi, Dae-Yoon,Choi, Chang-Woon,Lim, Sang-Moo,Chun, Kwon-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.1
O-(3-[$^{18}$F]Fluoropropyl)-L-tyrosine (L-[$^{18}$F]FPT) was synthesized by nucleophilic radiofluorination followed by acidic hydrolysis of protective groups and evaluated with 9 L tumor bearing rat. L-[$^{18}$F]FPT is an homologue of O-(2-[$^{18}$F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (L-[$^{18}$F]FET) which recently is studied as a tracer for tumor imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). [$^{18}$F]FPT was directly prepared from the precursor of O-(3-ptoluenesulfonyloxypropyl)- N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-tyrosine methyl ester. FPT-PET image was obtained at 60 min in 9 L tumor bearing rats. The radiochemical yield of [$^{18}$F]FPT was 0-45% (decay corrected) and the radiochemical purity was more than 95% after HPLC purification. The total time elapsed for the synthesis of [$^{18}$F]FPT was 100 min from EOB (End-of-bombardment). A comparison of uptake studies between [$^{18}$F]FPT and [$^{18}$F]FET was performed. In biodistribution, [$^{18}$F]FPT showed similar pattern with [$^{18}$F]FET in various tissues, but [$^{18}$F]FPT showed low uptake in brain. Furthermore, [$^{18}$F]FPT showed higher tumor-to-brain ratio than [$^{18}$F]FET. In conclusion, [$^{18}$F]FPT seems to be more useful amino acid tracer than [$^{18}$F]FET for brain tumors imaging with PET.
Moon, Byung Seok,Lee, Kyo Chul,An, Gwang Il,Chi, Dae Yoon,Yang, Seung Dae,Choi, Chang Woon,Lim, Sang Moo,Chun, Kwon Soo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceutica Vol.49 No.3
<P>Although 3′-deoxy-3′-[<SUP>18</SUP>F]fluorothymidine ([<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT) is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for the imaging of proliferating tumor cell, it is difficult to prepare large amount of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT. We herein describe the preparation of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT in an ionic liquid, [bmim][OTf] (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate). At optimized condition, [<SUP>18</SUP>F]fluorinationin ionic liquid with 5 µl of 1 M KHCO<SUB>3</SUB> and 5 mg of the precursor yielded 61.5 ± 4.3% (n=10). Total elapsed time was about 70 min including HPLC purification. The rapid synthesis of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT can be achieved by removing all evaporation steps. Overall radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity were 30 ± 5% and >95%, respectively. This method can use a small amount of a nitrobenzenesulfonate precursor and can be adapted for automated production. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
An Analytical Approach for Design of Nth-band FIR Digital Filters with Equi-Ripple Passband
Moon, Dong-Wook,Kim, Lark-Kyo,Lim, Cheng-Chew The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2009 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.4 No.3
In FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter applications, Nth-band FIR digital filters are known to be important due to their reduced computational requirements. The conventional methods for designing FIR filters use iterative approaches such as the well-known Parks-McClellan algorithm. The Parks-McClellan algorithm is also used to design Nth-band FIR digital filters after Mintzer's research. However, a disadvantage of the Parks-McClellan algorithm is that it needs a large amount of design time. This paper describes a direct design method for Nth-band FIR Filters using Chebyshev polynomials, which provides a reduced design time over indirect methods such as the Parks-McClellan algorithm. The response of the resulting filter is equi-ripple in passband. Our proposed method produces a passband response that is equi-ripple to within a minuscule error, comparable to that of Mintzer's design method which uses the Parks-McClellan algorithm.
심교문(Kyo-Moon Shim),정지선(Ji-Sun Jeong),소규호(Kyu-Ho So),임송택(Song-Tak Lim),노기안(Kee-An Roh),김건엽(Gun-Yeob Kim),정현철(Hyun-Cheol Jeong),이덕배(Deog-Bae Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.2
전 세계적으로 지구온난화의 원인인 대기 중 온실가스 농도를 감축하는 여러 정책들이 모든 산업을 망라하여 추진되고 있다. 식량안보라는 특수성은 있지만, 농업도 예외는 아니다. 이런 취지에서 최근에 농산물의 전체 생산과정에서 발생하는 탄소배출량을 산정하고, 이를 토대로 탄소배출량이 적은 농산물 생산방식을 도입하고자하는 요구가 증가하고 있다. LCA 도구를 농업분야의 환경평가에 적용한 해외 연구 사례들을 살펴보면, 스위스는 Ecoinvent가 주축이 되어 농작물, 농업기반시설, 농자재, 농기계 등 농축산 전반에 대한 LCI D/B를 구축하여 제공하고 있고, 우리와 농업시스템이 유사한 일본은 산업연관분석을 이용하여 농업을 위한 Top-down 방식의 LCA 수행 방법론을 개발하였으며, 이를 농작물생산 방식에 따라 평가하고 농업분야에 대한 영향평가 방법론과 가중치를 개발하였다. 반면에 국내의 LCA를 통한 농업환경영향평가는 출발 단계에 있다. 따라서 농업환경에 있어 주요 인자인 비료 및 농약에 대한 환경영향을 평가하고 이를 위한 국내 비료와 농약의 흐름 모델링, 방법론 개발이 요구되며, 국내 농업 시스템을 반영한 기타 농자재, 농기계 및 농업기반시설에 대한 환경영향평가 역시 수행되어야 한다. Many policies have been implemented to mitigate the greenhouse gases in atmosphere overall of sectors. With considering the distinct characteristics of the food security, agricultural sector is no exception to this situation. To this regard, total amount of carbon which is emitted through all of the agricultural production process is calculated, and being based on this result, the demand for the introduction of agricultural production system with low carbon has been rising. Case studies on the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) technique to agricultural sector are found in many countries. For example, life cycle inventory (LCI) data bases of crop, farm infrastructure, fertilizer, farm machinery, and etc., have been constructed and provided by Ecoinvent (Swiss centre for life cycle inventories) of Swiss. In Japan, Top-down typed LCA methodology for agriculture is developed based on the inter-industry analysis, and is evaluated according to the productive method of crop. On the other hand, environmental impact assessment of agricultural system using LCA in Korea is just in the beginning stages. So it is required to assess environmental impact on agricultural fertilizer and pesticide, and to develop their flow modeling, and methodology of LCA of agricultural sector. Environmental impact assessment on agricultural materials, machinery, and infrastructure will also be carried out.
Neisseria cinerea에 의한 급성 화농성 관절염과 피부 농양
손효문,이고은,임수경,최윤이,정은교,이미애,김재광,최희정 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.S
Neisseria 균주는 Neisseria gonorrhea와 Neisseria meningitidis 이외에는, 일반적으로 비 병원성 균으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 드물게 면역 저하자의 경우 N. gonorrhea와 N. meningitidis 이외의 Neisseria 종에 의해서도 기회 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이중 N. cinerea는 일반적으로 비 병원성 균으로 알려져 있으며 호흡기계, 비뇨 생식기 및 눈에서 주로 동정된다[1]. N. cinerea가 일으키는 질병으로는 신생아 안염, 직장염, 폐렴, 복막투석 환자의 복막염, 심내막염, 뇌수막염 등이 보고 되었으며 패혈증을 일으키는 경우도 있었다[2-8]. 국내에서는 최근 뇌수막염이 보고되었고[6], N. cinerea로 인한 화농성 관절염과 피부 농양은 특별히 보고된 바가 없는 상태로, 균혈증을 동반한 손가락의 화농성 관절염과 피부 농양을 진단하고 치료하였기에 보고하는 바이다.