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Historical review and surveillance of Japanese encephalitis, Republic of Korea, 2002–2004
김흥철,Michael J. TURELL,Monica L. O’'GUINN,John S. LEE,정성태,주영란,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2007 Entomological Research Vol.37 No.4
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted by culicine mosquitoes, is endemic throughout much of South-East Asia, extending to the Korean Peninsula. The zoonotic cycle is from large water birds to culicine mosquitoes, with swine as an amplifying host and man as an incidental host. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the primary JEV vector in the Republic of Korea, populations peak in late August through to early September when most cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) are reported. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were observed near the Demilitarized Zone in each of the years that mosquitoes were assayed for JEV. Each year that vector mosquitoes were assayed for JEV, minimum field infection rates (number of JEV positive mosquites/1000Cx. tritaeniorhynchus assayed) ranged from 0.31 to 3.27. The epidemiology of JE has been recorded in Korea for more than half a century, from 1949 to 2005. During a major epidemic in 1949, there were 5616 cases and 2729 deaths reported, with levels persisting near epidemic levels of 1000 cases annually thereafter until 1969. Following the introduction and government mandated mass immunization in 1971, JE decreased dramatically. Since 1984, 0-6 cases of JE have been reported each year. However, continued evidence of mosquitoes positive for JEV indicates that JE continues to be a civilian and military health threat to immunocompromised persons in Korea, as well as non-immune US soldiers, civilians and their family members.
Seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes collected from light traps in the Republic of Korea in 2003
김흥철,정승태,Lisa L. O'BRIEN,Monica L. O'GUINN,Michael J. TURELL,이희춘,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2006 Entomological Research Vol.36 No.3
Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted at 29 US military installations and training sites in six provinces in the Republic of Korea during 2003. Adult mosquitoes were collected in New Jersey light traps and dry ice-baited New Jersey light traps from 1 May to 15 October. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine threshold levels to initiate pesticide applications and identify malaria infection rates at selected army installations and training sites. A total of 42 024 adult mosquitoes (32 594 females [77.6%] and 9430 males [22. 4%]) comprising 14 species and Anopheles sinensis s.l. (a complex of five species), representing seven genera, were collected. The most common species were members of theAnopheles sinensis Wiedemann complex (54.9%), followed by Aedes vexans nipponii(Theobald) (19.0%), Culex pipiens Coquillett (14.3%) and Culex tritaeniorhynchusGiles (10.6%). Trap indices varied widely for species over their range, due in part to geographical distribution and degree of association with urban communities.
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in the Republic of Korea, 2002
김흥철,정성태,Jason G. PIKE,Monica L. O'GUINN,Laura A. PACHA,이희춘,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2004 Entomological Research Vol.34 No.3
Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted during 2002 at 30 US military installationsand training sites located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoeswere collected in New Jersey and dry ice-baited New Jersey light traps from 1 May through15 October. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine threshold levels to initiate pesticideapplications and identify malaria infection rates at selected Army installations and trainingsites. A total of 100,617 adults [82,410 (81.9%) females and 18,207 (18.1%) males] comprising 17species and 7 genera were collected during 2002. The most common species collected were Culextritaeniorhynchus Giles (49.5%), Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (30.9%), Culex pipiensCoquillett (11.8%) and Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (7.1%). Trap indices (TIs) varied widelyfor species over their range, due in part, to geographical distribution and degree of association withurban communities. Anopheles sinensis were collected at the same level while Culex tritaeniorhynchusincreased by 27.2% in 2001, due in part to very high populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchusat Gunsan Air Base. The weekly population densities for some species werevariable for each of the years, apparently as a result of variable annual weather conditions. None ofAnopheles sp. assayed for plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria infections by Enzyme LinkedImmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were positive.
김흥철,Richard C. WILKERSON,James E. PECOR,이원자,John S. LEE,Monica L. O'Guinn,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2005 Entomological Research Vol.35 No.1
Mosquito collections were carried out during 2003-2004 on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Eighteen species of mosquitoes in 7 genera were collected, including three new records, Culex (Culex) mimeticus, Culex (Culiciomyia) sasai and Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) nipponicus. Based on the available information, a total of 28 species representing 7 genera have been recorded from Jeju Island. Larval habitat characteristics, collection sites, bionomics, and vector potential for each of these species are described.
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in the Republic of Korea,2001
김흥철,Oscar S. FRIENDLY,Jason G. PIKR,Anthony L. SCHUSTER,Monica L. O'GUINN,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2003 Entomological Research Vol.33 No.3
Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted during 2001 at 28 US military installations and training sites located in five provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoes were collected in New Jersey and dry ice-baited CDC-type light traps from 1 May through 15 October. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine threshold levels to initiate pesticide applications and identify malaria infection rates at selected Army installations and training sites. A total of 61,584 adults [45,814 (74.4%) females and 15,770 (25.6%) males] comprising 17 species and 7 genera were collected during 2001. The most common species collected were Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (36.3%), Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (23.1%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (22.3%) and Culex pipiens Coquillett (17.6%). Trap indices (TIs) varied widely for species over their range, due in part, to geographical distribution and degree of association with urban communities. During 2001, the TI for An. sinensis was 19.6 females/trap night compared to years 1999 and 2000, when the TI for the Munsan area was 1.4 and 2.9 times (27.7 and 57.4 TI) greater, respectively. The weekly population densities for some species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of variable annual weather conditions. None of the 16,302 Anopheles sinensis assayed for plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria infections by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were positive.
Detection of Bartonella species from ticks, mites and small mammals in Korea
채준석,김철민,김지영,Ying-Hua Yi,이미진,조매림,Devendra H. Shah,Terry A. Klein,김형철,송진원,정성태,Monica L. O'Guinn,John S. Lee,이인용,박진호 대한수의학회 2005 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.6 No.4
We investigated the prevalence of Bartonella infections in ticks, mites and small mammals (rodents, insectivores and weasels) collected during 2001 through 2004, from various military installations and training sites in Korea, using PCR and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA and groEL heat shock protein genes. The prevalence of Bartonella spp. was 5.2% (n = 1,305 sample pools) in ticks,19.1% (n = 21) in mesostigmatid mites and 13.7% (n = 424 individuals) in small mammals. The prevalence within the family Ixodidae was, 4.4% (n = 1,173) in Haemaphysalis longicornis (scrub tick), 2.7% (n = 74) in H. flava, 5.0% (n = 20) in Ixodes nipponensis, 11.1% (n = 9) in I. turdus, 33.3% (n = 3) in I. persulcatus and 42.3% (n = 26) in Ixodes spp. ticks. In rodents, the prevalence rate was, 6.7% (n = 373) in Apodemus agrarius (striped field mouse) and 11.1% (n = 9) in Eothenomys regulus (Korean red-backedvole) and in an insectivore,Crocidura lasiura, 12.1% (n = 33). Neither of the two weasels were positive for Bartonella spp. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acidsequence of a portion of the groEL gene amplified from one A. agrarius spleen was identical to B. elizabethae species. We demonstrated the presence of Bartonella DNAin H. longicornis, H. flava and I. nipponensis ticks, indicating that these ticks should be added to the growing list of potential tick vectors and warrants further detailedinvestigations to disclose their possible roles in Bartonella infection cycles.
Song, Jin-Won,Kang, Hae Ji,Gu, Se Hun,Moon, Sung Sil,Bennett, Shannon N.,Song, Ki-Joon,Baek, Luck Ju,Kim, Heung-Chul,O'Guinn, Monica L.,Chong, Sung-Tae,Klein, Terry A.,Yanagihara, Richard American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of virology Vol.83 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Until recently, the single known exception to the rodent-hantavirus association was Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a long-unclassified virus isolated from the Asian house shrew (<I>Suncus murinus</I>). Robust gene amplification techniques have now uncovered several genetically distinct hantaviruses from shrews in widely separated geographic regions. Here, we report the characterization of a newly identified hantavirus, designated Imjin virus (MJNV), isolated from the lung tissues of Ussuri white-toothed shrews of the species <I>Crocidura lasiura</I> (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae, subfamily Crocidurinae) captured near the demilitarized zone in the Republic of Korea during 2004 and 2005. Seasonal trapping revealed the highest prevalence of MJNV infection during the autumn, with evidence of infected shrews' clustering in distinct foci. Also, marked male predominance among anti-MJNV immunoglobulin G antibody-positive Ussuri shrews was found, whereas the male-to-female ratio among seronegative Ussuri shrews was near 1. Plaque reduction neutralization tests showed no cross neutralization for MJNV and rodent-borne hantaviruses but one-way cross neutralization for MJNV and TPMV. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the different MJNV genomic segments revealed nearly the same calculated distances from hantaviruses harbored by rodents in the subfamilies Murinae, Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length S, M, and L segment sequences demonstrated that MJNV shared a common ancestry with TPMV and remained in a distinct out-group, suggesting early evolutionary divergence. Studies are in progress to determine if MJNV is pathogenic for humans.</P>
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in 4 US Soldiers, South Korea, 2005
Song, Jin-Won,Moon, Sung-Sil,Gu, Se Hun,Song, Ki-Joon,Baek, Luck Ju,Kim, Heung Chul,Kijek, Todd,O’Guinn, Monica L.,Lee, John S.,Turell, Michael J.,Klein, Terry A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.15 No.11
<P>Four US soldiers acquired hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome while training near the Demilitarized Zone, South Korea, in 2005. Hantaan virus sequences were amplified by reverse transcription–PCR from patient serum samples and from lung tissues of striped field mice (<I>Apodemus agrarius</I>) captured at training sites. Epidemiologic investigations specified the ecology of possible sites of patient infection.</P>