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        Flow Analyses Inside Jet Pumps Used for Oil Wells

        Samad, Abdus,Nizamuddin, Mohammad Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2013 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.6 No.1

        Jet pump is one type of artificial lifts and is used when depth and deviation of producing wells increases and pressure depletion occurs. In the present study, numerical analysis has been carried out to analyze the flow behavior and find the performance of the jet pump. Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations were solved and k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was used for simulations. Water and light oil as primary fluids were used to pump water, light oil and heavy oil. The ratios of area and length to diameter of the mixing tube were considered as design parameters. The pump efficiency was considered to maximize for the downhole conditions. It was found that the increase in viscosity and density of the secondary fluid reduced efficiency of the system. Water as primary fluid produced better efficiency than the light oil. It was also found that the longer throat length increased efficiency upto 40% if light oil was used as primary fluid and secondary fluid viscosity was 350 cSt.

      • KCI등재후보

        Flow Analyses Inside Jet Pumps Used for Oil Wells

        Abdus Samad,Mohammad Nizamuddin 한국유체기계학회 2013 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.6 No.1

        Jet pump is one type of artificial lifts and is used when depth and deviation of producing wells increases and pressure depletion occurs. In the present study, numerical analysis has been carried out to analyze the flow behavior and find the performance of the jet pump. Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations were solved and k-ε turbulence model was used for simulations. Water and light oil as primary fluids were used to pump water, light oil and heavy oil. The ratios of area and length to diameter of the mixing tube were considered as design parameters. The pump efficiency was considered to maximize for the downhole conditions. It was found that the increase in viscosity and density of the secondary fluid reduced efficiency of the system. Water as primary fluid produced better efficiency than the light oil. It was also found that the longer throat length increased efficiency upto 40% if light oil was used as primary fluid and secondary fluid viscosity was 350 cSt.

      • KCI등재

        Recent trends in the synthesis of graphene and graphene oxide based nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals — A review

        Jihn Yih Lim,N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Mohammad Khalid,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.66 No.-

        The advanced synthesis and development of raw graphene based on various significant functionalization has been outstanding in the wastewater treatment compared to the other alternatives such as carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials. Nano size graphene is known to possess large surface area and some promising properties in terms of mechanical, electrical, chemical and magnetism. Besides, the graphene can be generated via both Top-down and Bottom-up methods such as chemical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition and other techniques so that it can be further functionalized to form graphene oxide-based nanomaterials. Hence, graphene oxide-based nanomaterials are discovered to be useful in the application of heavy metal removal from wastewater. In short, this paper critically reviewed on the synthesis method of graphene and application of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in the term of heavy metal removal. The advantages, drawbacks, comparison of the data efficiencies, and research requirements are further highlighted, elaborated and discussed detailly. Lastly, the future challenges of graphene are elaborated. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that the wastewater discharged should be detected with the minimum or none of the heavy metals so that minimum effects on the ecosystem is discovered.

      • KCI등재

        A review on the properties and applications of chitosan, cellulose and deep eutectic solvent in green chemistry

        Xin Xiong Chang,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Shaukat Ali Mazari,Abdul Sattar Jatoi,Awais Ahmad,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah,Rama Rao Karri,M.T.H Siddiqui,Sabzoi Nizamuddin 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-

        The concept of green chemistry has attracted attention due to the green synthesis and ecofriendly natureof the compounds leading to the green and sustainable chemical industries and processes. Chitosan is anecofriendly material, which is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. It has the potential to bemodified into biofilms for various applications such as biomedical, packaging, and pharmaceutical fields. Nevertheless, some poor properties of chitosan restrict its wide applications. The incorporation ofnanocellulose fillers into chitosan matrix can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan. Cellulose nanomaterials can be achieved through chemical and mechanical modifications. The commontype of nanocellulose are cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs), tunicate CNCs (t-CNCs), algae cellulose particles (AC) and bacterial cellulose particles (BC). Nanocellulose are applied asthe reinforcement fillers in various polymer matrices such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polylacticacid etc. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are relatively novel green solvents, which can be applied in variousfields. DES are widely applied in metal processing, polymer processing and synthesis. Even though thereare not much studies available on DES for synthesis of nanocomposite films; however they are used aseco-friendly solvents in manufacturing processes. This study reviews the discovery, structure, propertiesof chitosan and cellulose, their derivatives and applications. In addition, the paper also discusses theproperties of DES and their applications.

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