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Fabrication of bioanode by using electrically conducting polythiophene via entrapment technique
Inamuddin,Beenish,Mu. Naushad 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.1
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was tailored with conducting polymer polythiophene and further immobilized by an enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx). A thin film of polymer was developed by electrochemical polymerization of thiophene monomer. During electrochemical polymerization of the monomer the enzyme GOx and the redox active mediator ferritin (Frt) were entrapped within this polymer matrix. In this novel approach, the entrapment of enzyme and mediators within a polymer matrix occurs without chemical reaction that could affect their activity. The entrapment of enzyme and mediator within the conducting polymer matrices increases the surface area of the electrode. The tailored GCE/Ptp/Frt/GOx electrode showed a high catalytic activity. The increased surface area causes a high rate of electron transfer between the electrode and Frt engaged as an electron transfer mediator. The electrochemical properties of the electrode were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The fabricated bioanode showed a current density of 3.9mA cm−2 at 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a 45 mM glucose solution and suggests proficient chances in biofuel cells (BFCs) applications.
Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan,Inamuddin,Rafiuddin 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.5
The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based polyvinyl alcohol Sn(IV) tungstate composite membrane was prepared by solution casting method. The sample was characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) studies. The membrane potential of composite membrane for various univalent electrolyte was found to follow the increasing order KCl < NaCl < LiCl. The order of surface charge density for univalent electrolytes solution was found to be LiCl < NaCl < KCl.
Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan,Inamuddin,Rafiuddin 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.4
The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based carboxymethyl cellulose Ce(IV) molybdophosphate composite membrane are prepared and characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies. The inorganic–organic composite membrane was found to be crystalline in nature with consistent arrangement of particles and indicating no sign of visible cracks. The FTIR spectra verify the binding of organic polymer with inorganic component. The membrane was found to be cation-selective. The order of surface charge density for uni-univalent electrolytes solution was found to be KCl > NaCl > LiCl.
Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan,Rafiuddin,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4
The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based polyvinyl alcohol zinc oxide composite membrane was successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Membrane properties were studied in terms of water uptake,porosity, thickness, ion-exchange capacity and swelling. The physico-chemical characterization of the material was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The important application of this composite ion-exchange membrane is in environmental separation of heavy metal ions transport. The increasing order of transport number of cation as HgCl2 < PbCl2 < CdCl2.
M. Naushad,Z.A. ALOthman,Inamuddin,H. Javadian 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.25 No.-
EDTA-Zr(IV) iodate was prepared via the incorporation of aqueous solution of EDTA into the inorganic precipitate of Zr(IV) iodate. Distribution coefficient values for different metals showed that EDTA-Zr(IV) iodate had the highest adsorption capacity for Pb(II). The practical applicability of EDTA-Zr(IV) iodate was explored by separating Pb(II) metal from a synthetic mixture of metal ions. Dependence of adsorption on contact time, pH of the solution, exchanger dose and temperature was studied to achieve the optimum conditions. Kinetic studies showed better applicability for pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters viz. – entropy change, enthalpy change and Gibb’s free energy change were also calculated.
Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan,Rafiuddin,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1
The polystyrene based barium phosphate composite membrane was prepared by co-precipitation method. The composite membrane has been characterized on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. Ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, porosity,thickness and stability studies were also carried out to determine the preliminary ion-exchange properties of the composite membrane. The order of transport number of cation for univalent electrolytes solution was found to be KCl < NaCl < LiCl. The antibacterial activity of composite membrane was investigated against some bacteria.
Jihn Yih Lim,N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Mohammad Khalid,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.66 No.-
The advanced synthesis and development of raw graphene based on various significant functionalization has been outstanding in the wastewater treatment compared to the other alternatives such as carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials. Nano size graphene is known to possess large surface area and some promising properties in terms of mechanical, electrical, chemical and magnetism. Besides, the graphene can be generated via both Top-down and Bottom-up methods such as chemical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition and other techniques so that it can be further functionalized to form graphene oxide-based nanomaterials. Hence, graphene oxide-based nanomaterials are discovered to be useful in the application of heavy metal removal from wastewater. In short, this paper critically reviewed on the synthesis method of graphene and application of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in the term of heavy metal removal. The advantages, drawbacks, comparison of the data efficiencies, and research requirements are further highlighted, elaborated and discussed detailly. Lastly, the future challenges of graphene are elaborated. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that the wastewater discharged should be detected with the minimum or none of the heavy metals so that minimum effects on the ecosystem is discovered.
Ji, Min-Kyu,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Sapireddy, Veer Raghavulu,Yun, Hyun-Shik,Abou-Shanab, Reda A I,Choi, Jaeyoung,Lee, Wontae,Timmes, Thomas C,Inamuddin,Jeon, Byong-Hun Springer International 2013 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.97 No.6
<P>The feasibility of using a microalga Chlorella vulgaris YSW-04 was investigated for removal of nutrients from piggery wastewater effluent. The consequent lipid production by the microalga was also identified and quantitatively determined. The wastewater effluent was diluted to different concentrations ranging from 20 to 80 % of the original using either synthetic media or distilled water. The dilution effect on both lipid production and nutrient removal was evaluated, and growth rate of C. vulgaris was also monitored. Dilution of the wastewater effluent improved microalgal growth, lipid productivity, and nutrient removal. The growth rate of C. vulgaris was increased with decreased concentration of piggery wastewater in the culture media regardless of the diluent type. Lipid production was relatively higher when using synthetic media than using distilled water for dilution of wastewater. The composition of fatty acids accumulated in microalgal biomass was dependent upon both dilution ratio and diluent type. The microalga grown on a 20 % concentration of wastewater effluent diluted with distilled water was more promising for generating high-efficient biodiesel compared to the other culture conditions. The highest removal of inorganic nutrients was also achieved at the same dilution condition. Our results revealed the optimal pretreatment condition for the biodegradation of piggery wastewater with microalgae for subsequent production of high-efficient biodiesel.</P>