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      • KCI등재

        The Neuroprotective Potential of Cyanidin-3-glucoside Fraction Extracted from Mulberry Following Oxygen-glucose Deprivation

        Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Bhuiyan,Hyun-Bok Kim,Seong Yun Kim,Kyung-Ok Cho 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.6

        In this study, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) fraction extracted from the mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) was investigated for its neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death in rat primary cortical neurons. Cell membrane damage and mitochondrial function were assessed by LDH release and MTT reduction assays, respectively. A time-course study of OGD-induced cell death of primary cortical neurons at 7 days in vitro (DIV) indicated that neuronal death was OGD duration-dependent. It was also demonstrated that OGD for 3.5 h resulted in approximately 50% cell death, as determined by the LDH release assay. Treatments with mulberry C3G fraction prevented membrane damage and preserved the mitochondrial function of the primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD for 3.5 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutamate-induced cell death was more pronounced in DIV-9 and DIV-11 cells than that in DIV-7 neurons, and an application of 50ՌM glutamate was shown to induce approximately 40% cell death in DIV-9 neurons. Interestingly, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction did not provide a protective effect against glutamate-induced cell death in primary cortical neurons. On the other hand, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD as assessed by the intensity of rhodamine-123 fluorescence. These results therefore suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mulberry C3G fraction are mediated by the maintenance of the MMP and mitochondrial function but not by attenuating glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurons.

      • KCI등재

        Mechanisms and Prospects of Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Cerebral Preconditioning

        Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Bhuiyan,김연정 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2010 International Neurourology Journal Vol.14 No.4

        In the brain, brief episodes of ischemia induce tolerance against a subsequent severe episode of ischemia. This phenomenon of endogenous neuroprotection is known as preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms and potential applications of cerebral preconditioning and ischemic tolerance. Articles related to the terms ischemic preconditioning and ischemic tolerance were systematically searched via MEDLINE/ PubMed, and articles published in English related to the nervous system were selected and analyzed. The past two decades have provided interesting insights into the molecular mechanisms of this neuroprotective phenomenon. Although both rapid and delayed types of tolerance have been documented in experimental settings, the delayed type has been found to be more prominent in the case of neuronal ischemic tolerance. Many intracellular signaling pathways have been implicated regarding ischemic preconditioning. Most of these are associated with membrane receptors, kinase cascades, and transcription factors. Moreover, ischemic tolerance can be induced by exposing animals or cells to diverse types of endogenous and exogenous stimuli that are not necessarily hypoxic or ischemic in nature. These cross-tolerances raise the hope that, in the future, it will be possible to pharmacologically activate or mimic ischemic tolerance in the human brain. Another promising approach is remote preconditioning in which preconditioning of one organ or system leads to the protection of a different (remote) organ that is difficult to target, such as the brain. The preconditioning strategy and related interventions can confer neuroprotection in experimental ischemia, and, thus, have promise for practical applications in cases of vascular neurosurgery and endo-vascular therapy.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Involvement of Ceramide in Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Preconditioning with Sublethal Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Primary Cultured Cortical Neurons of Rats

        Bhuiyan, Mohammad Iqbal Hossain,Islam, Mohammad Nurul,Jung, Seo Yun,Yoo, Hye Hyun,Lee, Yong Sup,Jin, Changbae Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.1

        <P>The complex molecular cascades of ischemic tolerance in brain cells remain unclear. Recently, sphingolipid-related metabolite ceramide has been implicated as a second messenger in many biological functions, including neuronal survival and death. The present study, therefore, examined the roles of ceramide (Cer) in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning with sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) using primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Preconditioning of the neurons with sublethal 1-h OGD produced robust neuroprotection against cell death induced by lethal 3-h OGD imposed 12 h after preconditioning when measured by the MTT assay. Analysis of sphingolipids using LC-MS/MS showed that the ischemic preconditioning resulted in significant increases in the levels of C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>18 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>20 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>24 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>24 : 1</SUB> Cer and the total ceramide contents compared with the sham-washed control group. However, sphingomyelin contents were not significantly changed by the ischemic preconditioning, suggesting that ceramides were increased through the <I>de novo</I> synthetic pathway. In the case of severe OGD paradigm, levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin in the lethal OGD group were not significantly different from those of the control group or the lethal OGD group with preconditioning at any time points studied. Treatment with an inhibitor of <I>de novo</I> ceramide synthesis, fumonisin B<SUB>1</SUB>, during the ischemic preconditioning period completely blocked preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance. Moreover, application of a non-cytotoxic concentration of exogenous cell-permeable ceramide produced neuroprotection against lethal OGD. The results suggest that ceramides increased by sublethal OGD preconditioning play an important role in induction of ischemic tolerance.</P>

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        The Neuroprotective Potential of Cyanidin-3-glucoside Fraction Extracted from Mulberry Following Oxygen-glucose Deprivation

        Bhuiyan, Mohammad Iqbal Hossain,Kim, Hyun-Bok,Kim, Seong-Yun,Cho, Kyung-Ok The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.6

        In this study, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) fraction extracted from the mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) was investigated for its neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death in rat primary cortical neurons. Cell membrane damage and mitochondrial function were assessed by LDH release and MTT reduction assays, respectively. A time-course study of OGD-induced cell death of primary cortical neurons at 7 days in vitro (DIV) indicated that neuronal death was OGD duration-dependent. It was also demonstrated that OGD for 3.5 h resulted in approximately 50% cell death, as determined by the LDH release assay. Treatments with mulberry C3G fraction prevented membrane damage and preserved the mitochondrial function of the primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD for 3.5 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutamate-induced cell death was more pronounced in DIV-9 and DIV-11 cells than that in DIV-7 neurons, and an application of $50{\mu}M$ glutamate was shown to induce approximately 40% cell death in DIV-9 neurons. Interestingly, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction did not provide a protective effect against glutamate-induced cell death in primary cortical neurons. On the other hand, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD as assessed by the intensity of rhodamine-123 fluorescence. These results therefore suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mulberry C3G fraction are mediated by the maintenance of the MMP and mitochondrial function but not by attenuating glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurons.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Major Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Sublethal Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Cortical Neurons In Vitro

        Bhuiyan, Mohammad Iqbal Hossain,Jung, Seo-Yun,Kim, Hyoung-Ja,Lee, Yong-Sup,Jin, Chang-Bae 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6

        Ischemic preconditioning can provide protection to neurons from subsequent lethal ischemia. The molecular mechanisms of neuronal ischemic tolerance, however, are still not well-known. The present study, therefore, examined the role of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning with sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured rat cortical neurons. Ischemic tolerance was simulated by preconditioning of the neurons with sublethal 1-h OGD imposed 12 h before lethal 3-h OGD. The time-course studies of relative phosphorylation and expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK showed lack of their involvement in ischemic tolerance. However, there were significant increases in Akt phosphorylation levels during the reperfusion period following preconditioned lethal OGD. In addition, Bcl-2 associated death promoter (Bad) and GSK-$3{\beta}$ were also found to be inactivated during that reperfusion period. Finally, treatment with an inhibitor of PI3K, wortmannin, applied from 15 min before and during lethal OGD abolished not only the preconditioning-induced neuroprotection but also the Akt activation. Concomitant with blockade of the Akt activation, PI3K inhibition also resulted in activation of Bad and GSK-$3{\beta}$. The results suggest that ischemic tolerance induced by sublethal OGD preconditioning is primarily mediated through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, but not the MAPK pathway, in rat cortical neurons.

      • KCI등재

        Major Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Sublethal Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Cortical Neurons In Vitro

        Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Bhuiyan,진창배,정서윤,김형자,이용섭 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6

        Ischemic preconditioning can provide protection to neurons from subsequent lethal ischemia. The molecular mechanisms of neuronal ischemic tolerance, however, are still not well-known. The present study, therefore, examined the role of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning with sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cultured rat cortical neurons. Ischemic tolerance was simulated by preconditioning of the neurons with sublethal 1-h OGD imposed 12 h before lethal 3-h OGD. The time-course studies of relative phosphorylation and expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK showed lack of their involvement in ischemic tolerance. However, there were significant increases in Akt phosphorylation levels during the reperfusion period following preconditioned lethal OGD. In addition, Bcl-2 associated death promoter (Bad) and GSK-3β were also found to be inactivated during that reperfusion period. Finally, treatment with an inhibitor of PI3K, wortmannin, applied from 15 min before and during lethal OGD abolished not only the preconditioning-induced neuroprotection but also the Akt activation. Concomitant with blockade of the Akt activation, PI3K inhibition also resulted in activation of Bad and GSK-3β. The results suggest that ischemic tolerance induced by sublethal OGD preconditioning is primarily mediated through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, but not the MAPK pathway, in rat cortical neurons.

      • KCI등재

        Black Rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) Extract Reduces Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

        황선녕,김재천,Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Bhuiyan,김주윤,양지선,윤신희,윤기동,김성윤 한국뇌신경과학회 2018 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.27 No.2

        Rice is the most commonly consumed grain in the world. Black rice has been suggested to contain various bioactive compounds including anthocyanin antioxidants. There is currently little information about the nutritional benefits of black rice on brain pathology. Here, we investigated the effects of black rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) extract (BRE) on the hippocampal neuronal damage induced by ischemic insult. BRE (300 mg/kg) was orally administered to adult male C57BL/6 mice once a day for 21 days. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) was performed for 23 min on the 8th day of BRE or vehicle administration. Histological analyses conducted on the 22nd day of BRE or vehicle administration revealed that administering BRE profoundly attenuated neuronal cell death, inhibited reactive astrogliosis, and prevented loss of glutathione peroxidase expression in the hippocampus when compared to vehicle treatment. In addition, BRE considerably ameliorated BCCAO-induced memory impairment on the Morris water maze test from the 15th day to the 22nd day of BRE or vehicle administration. These results indicate that chronic administration of BRE is potentially beneficial in cerebral ischemia.

      • KCI등재후보

        Antimelanogenic effect of Pini Nodi Lignum extract in HM3KO melanoma cells

        Hee-Ryung Cho,강경아,Mohammad Iqbal Hossain Bhuiyan,Myung-Sook Oh,이무형,김연정 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2011 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.7 No.2

        The control of melanogenesis is an important strategy in the treatment of abnormal skin pigmentation for cosmetic purpose. In mammals, melanin synthesis is regulated by melanogenic enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP -2. Our aim was to study whether Pini Nodi Lignum (PNL), an extract of Pinus tabulaeformis nodes, possesses antimelanogenic activity. To examine the inhibitory effect of PNL on melanogenesis, tyrosinase inhibition assay, melanin content assay, RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 were performed using HM3KO melanoma cells. The results showed that treatment of HM3KO cells with PNL inhibited melanin formation without affecting normal cell growth. Cell-free tyrosinase inhibition assay exhibited that PNL directly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalytic activity. Moreover, it was found that application of PNL significantly suppressed tyrosinase and TRP-1 mRNA and protein expression, but not that of TRP-2, in HM3KO cells. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PNL on melanogenesis is not only by inhibiting tyrosinase catalytic activity but also by inhibiting expression of melanogenic proteins at the transcriptional and translational levels. The PNL can be exploited as the effective whitening agent that possesses antimelanogenic activity.

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