A Diallel Analysis of Drought Tolerance Indices at Seedling Stage in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

( Mahmoud A El-rawy ),( Mohamed I Hassan ) 한국육종학회 2014 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.2 No.3

Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting wheat production and development of tolerant genotypes is limited by the lack of effective selection criteria. A genetic analysis of drought tolerance indices at seedling stage (i.e. root length, shoot length, root/shoot ratio and seedling dry weight) was performed for a seven-parent half diallel cross of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Egypt. The parents and their F2 progenies were evaluated in the laboratory under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with five treatments (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% PEG-6000). Grain yield per spike was also evaluated under drought stressed field conditions. The parent P7 had maximum root and shoot lengths under stress conditions, highest root/shoot ratio under 20% PEG and higher grain yield per spike than the other parents suggesting that P7 possessed stress tolerance genes. Grain yield/spike was significantly correlated with root length (r= 0.41, P<0.05) and seedling dry weight (r= 0.46, P<0.05) at 15% PEG. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in the genetic control of all traits. Rather low to moderately narrow-sense heritability was obtained for root length (0.18 and 0.12) and shoot length (0.19 and 0.12) at 15 and 20% PEG, respectively; root/shoot ratio (0.15) and seedling dry weight (0.16) at 15% PEG. Moderate genetic advance was observed for root length (41.24%) and shoot length (29.96%) under stress conditions suggesting that selection could be practiced on both traits for improving drought tolerance in wheat breeding programs.

Resistance Potential of Bread Wheat Genotypes Against Yellow Rust Disease Under Egyptian Climate

Amer F. Mahmoud,Mohamed I. Hassan,Karam A. Amein 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in Egypt and worldwide. In order to identify wheat genotypes resistant to yellow rust and develop molecular markers associated with the resistance, fifty F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between resistant and susceptible bread wheat landraces were obtained. Artificial infection of Puccinia striiformis was performed under greenhouse conditions during two growing seasons and relative resistance index (RRI) was calculated. Two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars i.e. Giza-168 (resistant) and Sakha-69 (susceptible) were also evaluated. RRI values of two-year trial showed that 10 RILs responded with RRI value >6 <9 with an average of 7.29, which exceeded the Egyptian bread wheat cultivar Giza-168 (5.58). Thirty three RILs were included among the acceptable range having RRI value >2 <6. However, only 7 RILs showed RRI value <2. Five RILs expressed hypersensitive type of resistance (R) against the pathogen and showed the lowest Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with eight simple sequence repeat (SSR), eight sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and sixteen random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers revealed that three SSR, three SRAP and six RAPD markers were found to be associated with the resistance to yellow rust. However, further molecular analyses would be performed to confirm markers associated with the resistance and suitable for marker-assisted selection. Resistant RILs identified in the study could be efficiently used to improve the resistance to yellow rust in wheat.

Resistance Potential of Bread Wheat Genotypes Against Yellow Rust Disease Under Egyptian Climate

Mahmoud, Amer F.,Hassan, Mohamed I.,Amein, Karam A. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in Egypt and worldwide. In order to identify wheat genotypes resistant to yellow rust and develop molecular markers associated with the resistance, fifty F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between resistant and susceptible bread wheat landraces were obtained. Artificial infection of Puccinia striiformis was performed under greenhouse conditions during two growing seasons and relative resistance index (RRI) was calculated. Two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars i.e. Giza-168 (resistant) and Sakha-69 (susceptible) were also evaluated. RRI values of two-year trial showed that 10 RILs responded with RRI value >6 <9 with an average of 7.29, which exceeded the Egyptian bread wheat cultivar Giza-168 (5.58). Thirty three RILs were included among the acceptable range having RRI value >2 <6. However, only 7 RILs showed RRI value <2. Five RILs expressed hypersensitive type of resistance (R) against the pathogen and showed the lowest Average Coefficient of Infection (ACI). Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with eight simple sequence repeat (SSR), eight sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and sixteen random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers revealed that three SSR, three SRAP and six RAPD markers were found to be associated with the resistance to yellow rust. However, further molecular analyses would be performed to confirm markers associated with the resistance and suitable for marker-assisted selection. Resistant RILs identified in the study could be efficiently used to improve the resistance to yellow rust in wheat.

Review : Production of Biopharmaceuticals in E. coli: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives

( Mohammed N. Baeshen ),( Ahmed M. Al Hejin ),( Roop S. Bora ),( Mohamed M. M. Ahmed ),( Hassan A. I. Ramadan ),( Kulvinder S. Saini ),( Nabih A. Baeshen ),( Elrashdy M. Redwan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7

Escherichia coli is the most preferred microorganism to express heterologous proteins for therapeutic use, as around 30% of the approved therapeutic proteins are currently being produced using it as a host. Owing to its rapid growth, high yield of the product, costeffectiveness, and easy scale-up process, E. coli is an expression host of choice in the biotechnology industry for large-scale production of proteins, particularly non-glycosylatedproteins, for therapeutic use. The availability of various E. coli expression vectors and strains, relatively easy protein folding mechanisms, and bioprocess technologies, makes it very attractive for industrial applications. However, the codon usage in E. coli and the absence ofpost-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and proteolytic processing, limit its use for the production of slightly complex recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Several new technological advancements in the E. coli expression system to meet the biotechnology industry requirements have been made, such as novel engineered strains,genetically modifying E. coli to possess capability to glycosylate heterologous proteins an express complex proteins, including full-length glycosylated antibodies. This review summarizes the recent advancements that may further expand the use of the E. coli expression system to produce more complex and also glycosylated proteins for therapeutic use in the future.

Evaluating Interspecific Wheat Hybrids Based on Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance

Mohamed I. Hassan,엘자에드 압델몬세프 모하메드 이스마엘,Mahmoud A. El-Rawy,Karam A. Amein 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1

Three durum and three bread wheat genotypes were crossed to produce three tetraploid, three hexaploid and nine interspecific (pentaploid) F1 hybrids. All genotypes were evaluated for heat tolerance in the field and for drought using polyethylene glycol in vitro. Chromosome numbers and meiotic behavior in pentaploid F1 hybrids (2n=5x=35, genomes AABBD) were confirmed. Heat stress significantly reduced grain yield/plant and 1000-kernel weight (1000-KW), while grain protein content (GPC) was increased. Drought caused a significant reduction in root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight, whereas root/shoot ratio was increased. P3 (durum), P4 (bread) and their pentaploid F1 hybrid could be considered as the most heat-tolerant genotypes. However, P2 (durum), P6 (bread) and their F1 were most tolerant to drought. The addition of a D genome single dose into pentaploid F1 hybrids obviously reduced grain yield/plant, 1000-KW and seedling traits, however GPC was increased. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were obtained for the most investigated traits. Grain yield/plant was strongly positively correlated with stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (HM) under heat stress and with root length under drought condition, suggesting that STI, YI, MP, GMP and HM are powerful indices for heat tolerance, while root length is most effective for drought. Successful interspecific hybridization obtained in the study is only an initial step for desired genes introgression. Successive progenies are going to be evaluated for further genetic studies aiming at improving abiotic stress tolerance in wheat.

Increased Hypermethylation of Glutathione S-Transferase P1, DNA-Binding Protein Inhibitor, Death Associated Protein Kinase and Paired Box Protein-5 Genes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Saudi Females

Hafez, Mohamed M.,Al-Shabanah, Othman A.,Al-Rejaie, Salim S.,Al-Harbi, Naif O.,Hassan, Zeinab K.,Alsheikh, Abdulmalik,Theyab, Abdurrahman I. Al,Aldelemy, Meshan L.,Sayed-Ahmed, Mohamed M. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher metastatic rate and both local and systemic recurrence compared to non-TNBC. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to oxidative stress is associated with DNA damage, chromosomal degradation and alterations of both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA. This study concerns differential methylation of promoter regions in specific groups of genes in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi females in an effort to understand whether epigenetic events might be involved in breast carcinogenesis, and whether they might be used as markers for Saudi BCs. Methylation of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), T-cadherin (CDH13), Paired box protein 5 (PAX5), death associated protein kinase (DAPK), twist-related protein (TWIST), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID4), High In Normal-1 (HIN-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), cyclin D2 and retinoic acid receptor-${\beta}$ ($RAR{\beta}1$) genes was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 200 archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded BC tissues divided into 3 groups; benign breast tissues (20), TNBC (80) and non-TNBC (100). The relationships between methylation status, and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients and tumors were assessed. Higher frequencies of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 hypermethylation were found in TNBC than in non-TNBC. Hypermethylation of GSTP1, CDH13, ID4, DAPK, HIN-1 and PAX5 increased with tumor grade increasing. Other statistically significant correlations were identified with studied genes. Data from this study suggest that increased hypermethylation of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 genes in TNBC than in non-TNBC can act as useful biomarker for BCs in the Saudi population. The higher frequency of specific hypermethylated genes paralleling tumor grade, size and lymph node involvement suggests contributions to breast cancer initiation and progression.

Agar-Carrageenan Hydrogel Blend as a Carrier for the Covalent Immobilization of β-D-Galactosidase

Marwa I. Wahba,Mohamed E. Hassan 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.9

κ-Carrageenan (Car) was mixed with agar in order to improve the treated gel’s ability to covalently immobilize enzymes. The treatment process of the produced agar-Car gel involved reacting with both polyethyleneimine and glutaraldehyde so as to provide the functional groups necessary for the covalent binding of enzymes. The positive effect imparted by the addition of Car to agar was confirmed through the statistical Plackett-Burman design (PBD). The PBD was employed to investigate the effects of 11 factors on the preparation of the treated agar-Car gel disks, and the immobilization of β-D-galactosidase (β-gal) onto these disks. The PBD provided recommendations on the levels at which 10 of the tested factors should be employed in the future as these factors were shown to be insignificant. On the other hand, the significant factor, the loading enzyme’s activity, was optimized in order to attain the maximum observed activity of immobilized β-gal which amounted to 166.2 U/g gel. It was also shown that the agar-Car immobilized β-gal maintained 97.7% of its initial observed activity during its fifteenth reusability cycle.

Synthesis and evaluation of some new hydrazones as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic media

Lgaz, Hassane,Chaouiki, Abdelkarim,Albayati, Mustafa R.,Salghi, Rachid,El Aoufir, Yasmina,Ali, Ismat H.,Khan, Mohammad I.,Mohamed, Shaaban K.,Chung, Ill-Min Springer-Verlag 2019 Research on chemical intermediates Vol.45 No.4

An Efficient Technique for Non-Uniformity Correction of Infrared Video Sequences with Histogram Matching

Abbass Mohammed Y.,Sadic Nevein,Ashiba Huda I.,Hassan Emad S.,El-Dolil Sami,Soliman Naglaa F.,Algarni Abeer D.,Alabdulkreem Eatedal A.,Algarni Fatimah,El-Banby Ghada M.,Abdel-Rahman Mohamed R.,Aldosar 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.5

Infrared (IR) image sequences are acquired with certain types of cameras. These cameras give the sequence of images according to the heat distribution. With time, some deterioration of the quality of the sequence occurs due the thermal noise eff ect generated in the camera. This thermal noise eff ect leads to some sort of non-uniformity in the obtained image sequence. Hence, it is necessary to perform some sort of non-uniformity correction in the video sequence according to the fi rst frame. This type of non-uniformity correction is scene-based. This paper introduces a scene-based non-uniformity correction technique that depends mainly on histogram matching. The noise eff ect on each frame in the sequence leads to some drift in the histogram of that frame. Hence, the proposed technique depends on the histogram matching concept to correct the histogram of each frame in the sequence based on the histogram of the fi rst frame that is free from the thermal noise eff ect. Diff erent image quality metrics including entropy, contrast, edge intensity, average gradient, and correlation with the fi rst frame are adopted to assess the quality of the obtained frames after adjustment. It is required in the frames to be corrected to reduce entropy, edge intensity and average gradient as these metrics are increased with the presence of thermal noise eff ect on all pixels represented as much details and unnecessary information. In addition, the contrast of the video sequences should be increased to determine objects in a better way. The correlation of the corrected frames with the fi rst one should be increased to reduce the noise eff ect. Simulation results reveal enhanced quality of the obtained video sequences after processing with the proposed technique.

Impacts of Selection for Spike Length on Heat Stress Tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Asmaa M. Mohamed,Mohamed K. Omara,Mahmoud A. El-Rawy,Mohamed I. Hassan 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.2

Two consecutive cycles of selection were imposed on five F2 populations of bread wheat. The first cycle was a divergent selection for spike length conducted in favorable environment (optimal sowing date) and the response was measured under favorable and heat stress conditions of a late sowing date. Positive responses to selection for longer spikes were obtained under favorable (13.43%) heat stress (8.66%) conditions, whereas the responses for shorter spikes were 2.24 and 5.02% in the two environments, respectively. The realized heritability of spike length was greater under favorable conditions (0.25-0.56) than under heat stress (0.18- 0.41). Concurrent positive responses to selection for longer spikes were obtained in grain yield per spike under favorable (25.35%) and heat stress (13.65%) environments. Selection for greater number of grains per spike imposed on F3 plants selected for spike length under heat stress resulted in significant responses (14.65%). Selection for greater number of grains per spike resulted in correlated responses in grain yield per spike (17.64%). The concurrent positive responses produced in spike length in F4 with selection for number of grains per spike (averaged 9.20%) was almost equal to that produced by the direct selection in F3 (8.66%), indicating that selection advance effected in F3 has been maintained in F4. High F4/F3 regression was obtained for spike length under heat stress (b = 0.85 ± 0.07), indicating high heritability. In conclusion, phenotypic selection for longer spikes under heat stress followed by a cycle of selection for number of grains per spike was capable of improving heat tolerance in wheat.