Examining the Policy Agenda on Food Security: A Question of Food Availability in Malaysia

( Mohamed,Ahmad Martadha ),( Damin,Zahrul Akmal ),( Kim,Pan Suk ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2015 東南亞硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Food security implies the ability of the country to ensure a stable supply for domestic consumption. To achieve that, the Malaysian Federal Government has to allocate a certain percentage of the national budget for food production. Within this framework, this article attempts to examine policies regarding food security in Malaysia. Since the Malaysian government initiated agricultural policies to provide sustainable food production, the percentage of budgetary allocation for food has varied substantially over the years. Prior to the establishment of the industrial policy, the budgetary allocation for food related policies was quite high. However, the influence of global warming as well as a series of catastrophic events in food producing nations such as Thailand and Australia has forced Malaysia to relook at its food security agenda. Using a content analysis method, based on the documents of the Malaysia economic development plans, this paper first explores government policies on food and agriculture. Then, the paper examines how these policies affect the balance of trade in regards to food availability in terms of three major commodities (rice, fruit, and vegetables). Finally, the researchers analyze the future direction of Malaysia in regards to the food security agenda focusing on food availability. It is hopeful that the recommendations will help policymakers formulate agricultural policies which can help the country to sustain its food production and at the same time protect the country from any unforeseen circumstances relating to food security issues.

Effect of acute pentylenetetrazol injection induced epileptic seizures on rat dentate gyrus at different postnatal ages

Heba K,Mohamed1,Sohair A,Eltony 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.1

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, its prevalence approximately from 0.5% to 2% of the general population. Generalized seizures could lead to several morphological changes in the brain. This study aimed to investigate the morphological effects of a single convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on rat dentate gyrus at different postnatal ages. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used at the following postnatal ages: P10, P21, and P90 (12 rats per each age). The animals in each age were equally divided into two groups: group I, control and group II, treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (55 mg/kg). After confirmation of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, specimens from the right dentate gyrus were processed for light and electron microscopy. In PTZ-treated groups, the number of granule cells significantly decreased. Dark granule cells appeared in the deep layers of the granule cells in P10 and with the progress of age, they significantly increased in number and extended into the superficial layers of the granule cells. The dendritic spines diminished. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and caspase-3 expression increased. Ultrastructurally, granule cells showed irregular shaped nucleus, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae, mitochondria with damaged cristae, large vacuoles, lysosomes, and lipofuscin granules. Dark granule cells characterized by electron-dense nucleus and cytoplasm containing disorganized Golgi bodies, swollen mitochondria with damaged cristae, numerous free ribosomes and few long strands of RER. Astrocytes had hypertrophied cell body. Acute treatment with PTZ-induced epileptic seizures caused toxic effect on the structure of rat dentate gyrus at different postnatal ages.

A modified trans-anconeus approach to facilitate fixation of a posterior radial head fracture: a cadaveric feasibility study

Ahmed Mohamed Desouky(Ahmed Mohamed Desouky ),Ahmed Naeem Atiyya(Ahmed Naeem Atiyya ),Mohamed Elbishbishi(Mohamed Elbishbishi ),Marwa Mohamed El Sawy(Marwa Mohamed El Sawy ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

Fixation of radial head fracture with minimally invasive posterior approach remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of trans-anconeus posterior elbow approach and to observe lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) in extended elbows. This cadaveric study was performed in twenty upper limbs of fresh fixed adult male cadavers. An oblique incision was made in the middle segment of anconeus until the lateral ligament complex and the joint capsule had been revealed. A deep dissection was explored to observe the anatomical relationship of the LUCL to the anconeus. Measurements of the LUCL were recorded while the elbow was fully extended. The mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the proximal insertion of the LUCL was 13.3 mm (11.5–16.2 mm); the mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal insertion of the LUCL was 20.9 mm (19.2–23.4 mm); the distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal edge of the annular ligament was 11.2 mm (8.22–11.7 mm). By estimate correlation of the previous measurements, the direct and accessible way to expose the posterolateral articular capsule of the elbow joint was through a window in medial 2/3 of the middle segment of anconeus muscle. These trans-anconeus approach is useful. It provides good visualization, facilitates applying the implants, and lessens the risk of radial nerve injury. Awareness of the anatomy is mandatory to avoid injury of LUCL.

The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in Achieving Economic Goals of the Vision of Saudi Arabia 2030

Mohammed Ali Mohamed Ahmed ALI(Mohammed Ali Mohamed Ahmed ALI ),Ahmed Saied Rahama ABDALLAH(Ahmed Saied Rahama ABDALLAH ),SalimAhmed Mohamed AlSHEHRI(SalimAhmed Mohamed AlSHEHRI ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

This research aims to identify the role that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can play in achieving the economic goals of the vision of Saudi Arabia 2030. The study relied on descriptive analysis, designing a standard model, and analyzing it using the Eviews9 program. The study also adopted the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study area covered Alkharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim governorates. The sample size of the study was 142 participants. The study’s results confirmed the existence of a significant impact of changes in independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4), which are (GDP, non-oil exports, number of employees, and public revenues), respectively. The dependent variable (Y) represents the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it was found that 61.3% of small and medium-sized enterprises in the governorates of Al-Kharj and Hawtat Bani Tamim operate in the commercial sector. Most study participants concur that SMEs significantly lowered the unemployment rate and helped boost the GDP rate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The obstacles and difficulties facing the establishment of these enterprises were financial problems, marketing problems, and corporate monopoly. Furthermore, most of the small and medium l enterprises faced financing problems.

Butyrate regulates leptin expression through different signaling pathways in adipocytes

Mohamed Mohamed Soliman,Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed,Alaa-eldin Salah-eldin,Abeer Abdel-Alim Abdel-Aal 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.4

Leptin is an adipocytokine that regulates body weight, and maintains energy homeostasis by promoting reduced food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Leptin expression and secretion is regulated by various factors including hormones and fatty acids. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that acts as source of energy in humans. We determined whether this fatty acid can play a role in leptin expression in fully differentiated human adipocytes. Mature differentiated adipocytes were incubated with or without increasing concentrations of butyrate. RNA was extracted and leptin mRNA expression was examined by Northern blot analysis. Moreover, the cells were incubated with regulators that may affect signals which may alter leptin expression and analyzed with Northern blotting. Butyrate stimulated leptin expression, and stimulated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospho-CREB signaling in a time-dependent manner. Prior treatment of the cells with signal transduction inhibitors as pertusis toxin, Gi protein antagonist, PD98059 (a MAPK inhibitor), and wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished leptin mRNA expression. These results suggest that butyrate can regulate leptin expression in humans at the transcriptional level. This is accomplished by: 1) Gi protein-coupled receptors specific for short-chain fatty acids, and 2) MAPK and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways.

Feasibility and efficacy of erector spinae plane block versus transversus abdominis plane block in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a randomized comparative trial

Elshazly Mohamed,EL-Halafawy Yasser Mohamed,Mohamed Dina Zakaria,Wahab Khaled Abd El,Mohamed Tamer Mohamed Kheir 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.6

Background: Overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns worldwide. Bariatric surgery is a modality of weight reduction; however, postoperative pain can increase the length of hospital stay, with all the associated consequences. While regional anesthesia is an available option, the feasibility of performing abdominal wall blocks on patients with obesity is questionable. Methods: Sixty adult patients with a body mass index of 40–50 kg/m2 undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to receive either an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) or erector spinae plane (ESP) block. The primary outcome was the analgesic effect in the first 24 h postoperatively, assessed using the mean visual analog scale (VAS) score. Secondary outcomes were the time required for a successful block, incidence of complications, time to first rescue analgesia, time to flatus or stool passage, and total opioid consumption. Results: The mean VAS score during the first 24 h was higher with the TAP block than with the ESP block (2.78 ± 0.34 vs. 2.32 ± 0.12, P < 0.001). Additionally, the time to first rescue analgesia was greater with the ESP block (P = 0.001) and the time required for a successful block was higher with the TAP block (P = 0.001). However, the incidence of complications, total opioid consumption, and other secondary outcomes was similar between the groups. Conclusions: Compared with the TAP block, the bilateral ESP block is a more feasible and effective method for intra- and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Mohamed Mustafa Ahmed Younus: The Impact of the Environment on Child Language Acquisition

( Mohamed Mustafa Ahmed Younus ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2014 중동연구 Vol.33 No.1

Interested in the subject to study the impact of the environment surrounding the child in language acquisition, where it displays a summary of some of the environmental factors that speed up the acquisition of child language or slow down in it, to confirm that a child - any child - is able to acquire any language of humanity, only that the child live in a society linguist speaks this language, also confirmed that the mother had a significant impact very into it, especially in the early stages of a child, this may be impact positively or negatively on the role of the mother may be a mother too in dealing with her child, which adversely affect the acquisition of her language may be spoiled his impact and one in both of which, it is slow to gain a child`s language, but the ideal mother is doing its part with the child, where mating between the happiness of the child and the educated. The research aims to find the difference between language acquisition and learning. Language acquisition: a spontaneous process is carried out by the child inadvertently or choose, and be in the context of an informal language acquisition and their practice. The learning: it is a process in which the child deliberately optional collection of language in formal dress learns the rules of the language was intended for and awareness of, and directly. The research aims to find out the factors that help the child to language acquisition and development, and the role of environmental factors in the acquisition of language; the child and that he was prepared to acquire any language and has adequate tools to complete this process, as it has the inherent ability to acquire language, and has centers cerebral that qualify for it , and members of pronunciation which actually translate this ability, but it can never, to acquire the language that has the tools in advance, and is qualified to acquire, unless you lived in the linguistic environment enabled him to this acquisition. The research found some of the results of the most important: to prove that there is a difference between language acquisition and learning, and that there are factors that help the child to acquire language and its growth, the most important of the surrounding environment where the children have a significant impact on it.

Role of protease inhibitors and acylation stimulating protein in the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

Mohamed Mohamed Soliman,Yakut Abdel-Fattah El-Senosi,Maysara Mahmoud Salem,Omniya Mahmoud Abdel Hamid,Kimura Kazuhiro 대한수의학회 2009 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.10 No.3

Treatment of AIDS (HIV) and hepatitis C virus needs protease inhibitors (PI) to prevent viral replication. Uses of PI in therapy are usually associated with a decrease in body weight and dyslipidemia. Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a protein synthesized in adipocytes to increase triglycerides biosynthesis, for that the relation of PI and ASP to adipogenesis is tested in this work. ASP expression was increased during 3T3-L1 differentiation and reached a peak at day 8 with cell maturation. Addition of PI during adipocytes differentiation dose dependently and significantly (p < 0.5) inhibited the degree of triglycerides (TG) accumulation. Moreover, presence of ASP (450 ng/mL) in media significantly (p < 0.5) stimulated the degree of TG accumulation and there was additive stimulation for ASP when added with insulin (10 μg/mL). Finally, when ASP in different doses (Low, 16.7; Medium, 45 and High, 450 ng/mL) incubated with a dose of ×150 PI, ASP partially inhibited the PI-inhibited adipogenesis and TG accumulation. The results in this study show that PI inhibit lipids accumulation and confirm role of ASP in TG biosynthesis and adipogenesis.

Modeling and Control of pH Neutralization Using Neural Network Predictive Controller

Mohamed Gaberalla Mohamed Khai,Suhaila Badarol Hisham 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

The difficulty of controlling pH neutralization processes resides in the non-linearity of such processes. This behavior is due to the logarithmic relationship between the hydrogen ions concentrations [H+] and the level of pH. The control strategy to be developed very much depends on the feasibility of the mathematical model that represents the process. This paper illustrates feasible modeling of the pH neutralization plant using empirical techniques and investigates the performance of an artificial neural network predictive controller against the more traditional PID controllers. As a conclusion, a feasible empirical model was found closest to a second?rder with dead time. The artificial neural network predictive controller has outperformed the conventional PI / PID controllers.

Nonlinear buckling and free vibration of curved CNTs by doublet mechanics

Mohamed A. Eltaher,Nazira Mohamed,Salwa A. Mohamed 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.26 No.2

In this manuscript, static and dynamic behaviors of geometrically imperfect carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subject to different types of end conditions are investigated. The Doublet Mechanics (DM) theory, which is length scale dependent theory, is used in the analysis. The Euler-Bernoulli kinematic and nonlinear mid-plane stretching effect are considered through analysis. The governing equation of imperfect CNTs is a sixth order nonlinear integro-partial-differential equation. The buckling problem is discretized via the differential-integral-quadrature method (DIQM) and then it is solved using Newton's method. The equation of linear vibration problem is discretized using DIQM and then solved as a linear eigenvalue problem to get natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The DIQM results are compared with analytical ones available in the literature and excellent agreement is obtained. The numerical results are depicted to illustrate the influence of length scale parameter, imperfection amplitude and shear foundation constant on critical buckling load, post-buckling configuration and linear vibration behavior. The current model is effective in designing of NEMS, nano-sensor and nano-actuator manufactured by CNTs.