개미에 대한 여러 가지 생각과 표현

姜玟求 ( Kang¸ Min-koo ) 동방한문학회 2021 東方漢文學 Vol.- No.88

개미는 매우 작은 곤충이기에 미약한 자신의 존재를 정확히 아는 것이 중요하다는 논리를 전개할 때 차용되는 자연물이었다. 한편 개미는 지극히 작지만 제 몸의 크기를 뛰어넘는 힘이 있다는 사실로부터 大小와 强弱을 단순히 결부하는 것은 편견에 불과하다는 논거로도 활용되었다. 미물인 개미가 제 주제도 모르고 强大한 상대에 덤비며, 그것이 추구하는 목표도 하찮고 추잡한 것에 불과하다는 부정적 평가와 시각이 존재하였다. 또 한편으로는 미물이지만 큰 힘을 내는 존재라는 긍정적 시각과 평가도 있었다. 한문학에서 ‘槐安國’·‘槐國’은 허구 세계를 의미하고 ‘槐安夢’·‘槐夢’은 인생이란 꿈을 꾸는 것과 같고 부귀 득실은 無常하다는 것을 비유하는 말로 쓰였다. 士人들은 科場에서 경쟁적으로 답안을 작성하는 수험생들의 모습을 ‘개미의 전쟁’이라고 비유적으로 표현하였다. 한문학에서는 특히 ‘개미의 전쟁’에 가치를 부여하려는 의식이 강하였다. 개미의 전쟁에 대한 긍정적 인식은 개미가 종족과 영역을 지키기 위해 치열하게 싸우는 것으로부터 군신의 의리를 알고 나라를 지키고 임금을 보위하기 위하여 목숨도 아끼지 않아야 한다는 윤리적 가치를 추출하는 것이다. 부정적 인식은 ‘분쟁’ 자체에 대한 거부감으로 표출된다. 그리고 개미가 미물이기에 그것들의 전쟁을 하찮은 짓으로 간주하였다. 개미의 처지에서는 생사가 걸린 일이지만, 인간의 눈으로 볼 때는 하찮기 그지없고 의미도 없다. 그와 같은 의식을 확장한다면 사람의 전쟁도 매한가지이다. 인간의 전쟁도 인간계 너머에서는 하찮게 보일 것이다. 그러나 엄밀히 생각해 본다면 인간의 윤리와 가치를 개미에게 투사하여 역으로 증명해 내려는 시도일 수도 있다. 한편 옛날 사람들에게 개미가 싸우는 광경은 하나의 소일거리였다. 무료한 한때를 개미 싸움을 보면서 보냈고 그것을 시의 소재로 삼기도 하였다. 이런 경우 개미의 싸움에 대한 가치나 의미에 대한 평론은 유로하지 않았다. As ants are very tiny insects, it has been one of the most popularly-referred natural objects to set out a logical argument saying that it’s important to exactly know one’s humble place. However, it’s been also often referred as a ground for an argument that tying largeness- and-smallness and strongness-and- weakness is just the prejudice since it was found that ants are able to lift objects that are much bigger than they are. Nevertheless, there have been negative perspective and thoughts, on the one hand, that small and insignificant ants dare to challenge big and strong opponents, not knowing themselves, and what they seek to achieve is just trivial and vulgar. On the other hand, there have been also positive perspective and thoughts that they have great potentials in spite of their small body. In Sino-Korean Literature, ‘Goeanguk(槐安國, the Imaginary Kingdom of Ants)’, also called Gueguk(槐國), was used to refer to a fictional world, and ‘Goeanmong(槐安夢, a Fond Dream), also called ’Goemong(槐夢)’, was used to imply that life is just like a dream and that obtainment and loss of wealth and honor are all meaningless. In old times, scholars also referred to examinees competitively writing answers at the exam venue as ‘the battle of ants’ in the metaphorical sense. Especially in Sino-Korean Literature, the intention to give meaning to ant wars was strongly shown. The positive perspective on the ant wars was to extract ethical values - to know the fidelity between sovereign and subject, defend the country, and willingly die for the king - from the ants fiercely fighting against the enemy to protect those species and territory. On the contrary, the negative perspective was expressed as the repulsion against strife itself. It, also, considered ants’ wars as mere trifles because they are just small and insignificant creatures. Although it’s such a life-and-death matter for ants, it looks just trivial and meaningless to humans. When extending this viewpoint, human wars also could be regarded in the same way. If it’s seen from beyond the world of human beings, it could be looked just trivial. But technically, it could be an attempt to reversely prove human ethics and values by projecting those to ants. To people in old days, watching ants fighting each other was a kind of a good time killer. They spent time watching them, and people were sometimes inspired by those to write poems as well. And in that case, they didn’t express reviews about the values or meaning of ants’ battles.

A Case of Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome as a Differential Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis

( Minkoo Kang ),( So Young Bang ),( Jeong Ah Ryu ),( Seungjun Gim ),( Eun Sik Park ),( Hyeyoung Lee ),( Hye Soon Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2016 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) syndrome is an uncommon cause of gluteal and hip pain. We report on a case of a 20-year-old man who presented with chronic gluteal and hip pain with low back pain without a history of trauma or surgery. He was misdiagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at another clinic. The patient was finally diagnosed with IFI syndrome according to pelvic magnetic resonance imaging findings at our hospital. After two weeks of medical and physical treatment, his pain showed gradual improvement. Because IFI syndrome is rarely reported in male patients, it might be misdiagnosed as AS. Therefore, IFI syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis of AS, particularly in young male patients with atypical pain characteristics. (J Rheum Dis 2016;23:179-182)

FlexRay 메시지 프레임 길이에 따른 정적 구간 크기 결정과 네트워크 이용률 분석

강민구(Minkoo Kang),박기진(Kiejin Park) 한국정보과학회 2008 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.35 No.2

최근 높아진 사용자의 요구를 만족시키기 위해 자동차 시장에서는 더 많은 전자장치와 소프트웨어를 차량 내에 탑재하고 있으며, 이에 따라 차량 내부 네트워크(In-Vehicle Network)에 대한 연구가 활발하다. FlexRay는 차세대 업계 표준(de facto standard)인 차량 내부 네트워크 프로토콜이며, 자동차 업계에서 실질적으로 사용되기 위해서는 FlexRay 메시지의 응답 시간 분석에 대한 연구가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 프레임 포맷, 물리적인 전송 규칙 및 Payload 길이가 고려하여 실제로 FlexRay 버스에서 전공되는 메시지 프레임의 길이를 계산하였고, FlexRay 통신 사이클 정적 구간 정의에 필요한 Static Slot 의 크기를 결정하였다. 또한 FlexRay 네트워크를 구성하는 임의의 메시지 프레임을 정의하였을 때, 정적 구간의 네트워크 이용률을 분석할 수 있는 수식을 도출하였다.

CAN 메시지의 Stuffing-bit 최소화

강민구(Minkoo Kang),박기진(Kiejin Park),신동민(Dongmin Shin) 한국정보과학회 2006 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.33 No.2A

CAN (Controller Area Network) 프로토콜은 데이터 링크 계층(Data Link Layer) 에서 여러 가지 결함 허용(Faulttolerant) 메커니즘을 기본적으로 제공하기 때문에, 고신뢰성, 고안전성이 요구되는 임베디드 제어 시스템(예: 자동차, 산업제어 등) 에서 많이 사용되고 있다. 하지만 제한된 네트워크 대역폭과 이에 따른 응답시간 지연이라는 문제점을 가지고 있으며, 이에 본 논문에서는 전송될 CAN 메시지의 길이를 감소시키기 위해 CAN 메시지의 Stuffing-bit를 최소화 하는 메커니즘을 제안하였다. 실험을 통해, CAN 메시지 길이의 축소로 인해 CAN 버스의 부하(Load)를 덜게 되었으며, 네트워크 대역폭 이용률이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

Stemness-Attenuating miR-503-3p as a Paracrine Factor to Regulate Growth of Cancer Stem Cells

Seo, Minkoo,Kim, Seung Min,Woo, Eun Young,Han, Ki-Cheol,Park, Eun Joo,Ko, Seongyeol,Choi, Eun wook,Jang, Mihue Hindawi 2018 Stem cells international Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal abilities endorse cellular heterogeneity, resulting in metastasis and recurrence. However, there are no promising therapeutics directed against CSCs. Herein, we found that miR-503-3p inhibited tumor growth via the regulation of CSC proliferation and self-renewal. miR-503-3p, isolated from human adipose stem cell- (ASC-) derived exosomes, suppressed initiation and progression of CSCs as determined by anchorage-dependent (colony formation) and anchorage-independent (tumorsphere formation) assays. The expression of pluripotency genes was significantly decreased in miR-503-3p-treated CSCs. Furthermore, xenografts, which received miR-503-3p, exhibited remarkably reduced tumor growth <I>in vivo</I>. Thus, miR-503-3p may function as a stemness-attenuating factor via cell-to-cell communications.</P>

A Novel Secretory Vesicle from Deer Antlerogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media (DaMSC-CM) Promotes Tissue Regeneration

Seo, Minkoo,Kim, Jin-Chul,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Choi, Eun wook,Jeong, Suyeong,Nam, Ki Chang,Jang, Mihue Hindawi 2018 Stem cells international Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Multipotent stem cells have the capacity to generate terminally differentiated cell types of each lineage; thus, they have great therapeutic potential for a wide variety of diseases. The most widely available stem cells are derived from human tissues, and their use for therapeutic application is limited by their high cost and low productivity. Herein, we report that conditioned media of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from deer antlers enhanced tissue regeneration through paracrine action via a combination of secreted growth factors and cytokines. Notably, DaMSC-conditioned media (DaMSC-CM) enhanced hair regeneration by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, DaMSC-CM had regenerative potential in damaged skin tissue through induction of skin regeneration-related genes. Remarkably, we identified round vesicles derived from DaMSC-CM, with an average diameter of ~120 nm that were associated with hair follicle formation, suggesting that secretory vesicles may act as paracrine mediators for modulation of local cellular responses. In addition, these secretory vesicles could regulate the expression of Wnt-3a, Wnt-10b, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1), which are related to tissue renewal. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the use of DaMSC-CM as a unique natural model for rapid and complete tissue regeneration has possible application for therapeutic development.</P>

인공신경망을 활용한 선형재료절단문제의 휴리스틱 기법 선택

강민구(Minkoo Kang),오지웅(Jiwoong Oh),이유철(Youcheol Lee),박기진(Kiejin Park),박상철(Sangchul Park) (사)한국CDE학회 2020 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

One-dimensional cutting stock problem (1DCSP) is a problem mainly applied in the pipes, cables, and paper rolls industries, and it is a problem of minimizing the trim loss of the stock while satisfying the demand of orders. 1DCSP can be solved by the integer linear programming to get an optimal solution. However, the computation time is exponentially increased depending on the number of types of orders and its quantity demanded. Although many heuristic methods have been proposed to solve the problem, it is difficult to develop a heuristic method that always provides a good solution to various problems due to the performance that is highly dependent on problem domain. In this paper, we propose a method to generate observations by producing various 1DCSPs, and then use the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm to select the heuristic method that provides a good near-optimal solution for any 1DCSP. ANN models were implemented using the Sequential module of TensorFlow 2.0 Keras. According to the experimental results, the minimum value of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), accuracy, precision and recall are found with specific combination of parameters of batch size, epoch number and optimizer.

Molecular Genetic Analysis of nm23-H1 Gene in Korean Colorectal Cancers

Park, Minkoo,Yoon, Wan Hee,Lee, Kong-Joo,Kim, Eunhee 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

We have performed molecular genetic analysis of the nm23-H1 gene on 17 Korean colorectal cancer patients. The cDNA, intron I, and intron Ⅳ of nm23-H1 gene were used as probes to examine the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in Korean colorectal tumor. Southern blot analysis using three probes suggested that functional and/or non-functional nm23-H1 homologous gene copies might exist in the human genome. Among the three probes, intron Ⅳ probe seemed to be the most specific one under our hybridization condition. Southern blot analysis with colon cancer cell lines showed 7.6 kb and/or 2.3 kb bands. None of the colon cancer cell lines displayed loss of both bands. Southern blot analysis of Korean colorectal tumors and corresponding normal mucosas with BglⅡ using intron Ⅳ probe demonstrated 3 size bands: 7.6, 4.3, and 2.3 kb. This deserves attention because only 7.6 and 23 kb bands appeared in Caucasian and Japanese cases. The identity of the 4.3 kb band is not yet understood. Three out of 17 Korean colon cancer patients (17.6%) showed LOH when 7.6 kb and 2.3kb bands were considered. This frequency is slightly higher than that in Japanese colorectal tumors, where 10.3% of LOH was reported (Okada et, al., 1994). However this frequency is lower than those of two independent studies, in which the LOH of colorectal tumors were 52.3% and 22%, respectively (Cohn et al., 1991; Leone et al., 1991a).

Molecular Genetic Analysis of nm23-H1 Gene in Korean Colorectal Cancers

Park, Minkoo,Yoon, Wan Hee,Lee, Kong-Joo,Kim, Eunhee 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

We have performed molecular genetic analysis of the nm23-H1 gene on 17 Korean colorectal cancer patients. The cDNA, intron Ⅰ, and intron Ⅳ of nm23-HⅠ gene were used as probes to examine the loss of heterizygosity(LOH) in Korean colorectal tumor. Southern blot analysis using three proces suggested that functional and/or non-functional nm23-HⅠ homologous gene copies might exist in the human genome. Among the three proves, intron Ⅳ probe seemed to be the most specific one under our hybridization condition. Southern blot analysis with colon cancer cell lines showed 7.6 kb and/or 2.3 kb bands. none of the colon cancer cell lines displayed loss of both bands. Southern blot analysis of Korean colorectal tumors and corresponding normal mucosas with BglⅡ using intron Ⅳ probe demonstrated 3 size bands: 7.6, 4.3, and 2.3 kb. This deserves attention because only 7.6 and 2.3 kb bands appeared in Causasian and Japanese cases. The identity of the 4.3 kb band is not yet understood. Three out of 17 Korean colon cancer patients (17.6%) showed LOH when 7.6 kb and 2.3 kb bands were considered. This frequency is slightly higher than that in Japanese colorectal tumors, where 10.3% of LOH was reported (Okada et al., 1994). However whis frequency is lower than those of two independent studies, in which the LOH of colorectal tumores were 52.3% and 22%, respectively (Cohn et al., 1991; Leone et al., 1991a)

MicroRNA miR-466 inhibits Lymphangiogenesis by targeting prospero-related homeobox 1 in the alkali burn corneal injury model

Seo, Minkoo,Choi, Jun-Sub,Rho, Chang Rae,Joo, Choun-Ki,Lee, Suk Kyeong BioMed Central 2015 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE -BASEL- Vol.22 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Lymphangiogenesis is one of the major causes of corneal graft rejection. Among the lymphangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D are considered to be the most potent. Both bind to VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) to activate Prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1), a transcription factor essential for the development and maintenance of lymphatic vasculature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of target genes in a sequence-specific manner and suppress gene expression. In the current study, we searched for miRNAs that target the pro-lymphangiogenic factor Prox1.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among the miRNAs predicted by the bioinformatic analysis to seed match with the 3' UTR of Prox-1, we chose 3 (miR-466, miR-4305, and miR-4795-5p) for further investigation. Both the miR-466 and miR-4305 mimics, but not the miR-4795-5p mimic, significantly reduced the luciferase activity of the Prox-1 3' UTR reporter vector. In primary lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC), miR-466 mimic transfection suppressed Prox1 mRNA and protein expression, while miR-4305 mimic transfection did not. Experiments using mutated reporter constructs of the two possible seed match sites on the 3' UTR of Prox1 suggested that the target site 2 directly bound miR-466. HDLEC transfected with the miR-466 mimic suppressed tube formation as compared to the scrambled control. Furthermore, HDLEC transfected with a miR-466 inhibitor showed enhanced tube formation as compared to control inhibitor transfected cells, and this inhibitory effect was counteracted by Prox1 siRNA. The miR-466 mimic reduced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis resulting in clearer corneas in an cornea injury rat model compared to the scrambled control.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our data suggest that miR-446 may have a protective effect on transplanted corneas by suppressing Prox1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. The results of the current study may provide insights into the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis resulting from corneal graft rejection and alkali-burn injuries, as well as into the development of new treatments for lymphangiogenic eye diseases.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0104-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>