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Hydrodynamic cavitation and its application in water treatment combined with ozonation: A review
Bing Wang,Yunxian Liu,Huan Zhang,Wen Shi,Mingyang Xiong,Chunyang Gao,Mingcan Cui 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.114 No.-
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as cavitation and ozonation have been used as an alternativeand effective option for the treatment of wastewater with difficult to biodegrade compounds. In thisreview, the necessity and advantages of combining hydrodynamic cavitation with ozonation (HC/O3)were initially discussed. The discussion of the mechanism of the HC/O3 process revealed the presenceof both mechanical and chemical effects. Overviews of earlier work with HC/O3 technology were thensummarised to show the positive synergies and the HC devices in different wastewater treatments. Recommendations were given for parameter selection by analysing the impact of important operatingparameters on process performance. Energy efficiency and cost comparisons indicated that the HC/O3process was more cost effective than the individual process. Overall, the HC/O3 process with optimisedconditions is able to increase the degradation rate of refractory pollutants by more than 40% comparedto the HC process alone.
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Characteristics of registered studies for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review
Ming Yang,Ya-xi Shang,Zi-yu Tian,Min Xiong,Chun-li Lu,Jiang Yue,Zhang Yao,Zhang Ying-ying,Jin Xin-yan,Jin Qiu-bai,Zhang Ying-ying,Willcox Merlin L.,Liu Jian-ping 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3
Background: The World Health Organization characterized the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11th. Many clinical trials on COVID-19 have been registered, and we aim to review the study characteristics and provide guidance for future trials to avoid duplicated effort. Methods: Studies on COVID-19 registered before March 3rd, 2020 on eight registry platforms worldwide were searched and the data of design, participants, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Results: Three hundred and ninety-three studies were identified and 380 (96.7%) were from mainland China, while 3 in Japan, 3 in France, 2 in the US, and 3 were international collaborative studies. Two hundred and sixty-six (67.7%) aimed at therapeutic effect, others were for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, etc. Two hundred and two studies (51.4%) were randomized controlled trials. Two third of therapeutic studies tested Western medicines including antiviral drugs (17.7%), stem cell and cord blood therapy (10.2%), chloroquine and derivatives (8.3%), 16 (6.0%) on Chinese medicines, and 73 (27.4%) on integrated therapy of Western and Chinese medicines. Thirty-one studies among 266 therapeutic studies (11.7%) used mortality as primary outcome, while the most designed secondary outcomes were symptoms and signs (47.0%). Half of the studies (45.5%) had not started recruiting till March 3rd. Conclusion: Inappropriate outcome setting, delayed recruitment and insufficient numbers of new cases in China implied many studies may fail to complete. Strategies and protocols of the studies with robust and rapid data sharing are warranted for emergency public health events, helping the timely evidence-based decision-making.
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