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Hwang, Hyeon Seok,Park, Mahn-Won,Yoon, Hye Eun,Chang, Yoon Kyung,Yang, Chul Woo,Kim, Suk Young,Cho, Jung Sun,Kim, Chan Joon,Park, Gyung-Min,Park, Chul-Soo,Choi, Yun-Seok,Koh, Yoon-Seok,Lee, Jong Min,S S. Karger AG 2014 American journal of nephrology Vol.40 No.4
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> Atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexists with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk for AMI. However, the combined impact of CKD and AF on the mortality and morbidity in AMI population has not been determined. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Between January 2004 and December 2009, a total of 4,738 AMI patients were enrolled prospectively. Patients were divided into four groups according to the combined status of CKD and AF. The primary endpoint was a combination of 5-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). <B><I>Results:</I></B> The prevalence of AF was significantly higher in CKD patients than in non-CKD patients (6.76 vs. 3.31%, p < 0.001). The highest cumulative event rate of MACCE and death was observed in patients with both CKD and AF (68.5 and 64.0%), respectively. In multivariable analyses, compared with patients with neither AF nor CKD, hazard ratios (HR) for composite of MACCE were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.14-2.41), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.06-1.46), and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.42-3.13) for patients with AF only, those with CKD only, and those with both CKD and AF, respectively (p for interaction = 0.935). Patients with both CKD and AF had a greatest risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.54; 95% CI, 1.60-4.53), and the significant synergistic interaction was observed between CKD and AF (p for interaction = 0.015). <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> The combined effect of AF and CKD on the risk of MACCE after an AMI is stronger than any separate condition, and it confers a synergistic effect on the all-cause mortality risk.</P><P>© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
A 21 cm SPECTRAL AND CONTINUUM STUDY OF IC 443 USING THE VERY LARGE ARRAY AND THE ARECIBO TELESCOPE
Lee, Jae-Joon,Koo, Bon-Chul,Yun, Min S.,Stanimirović,, Snež,ana,Heiles, Carl,Heyer, Mark American Institute of Physics 2008 The Astronomical journal Vol.135 No.3
<P>We report 21 cm spectral-line and continuum observations of the Galactic supernova remnant IC 443 using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Arecibo telescope. By combining the VLA and Arecibo data, both covering the full extent of IC 443, we have achieved an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution, over the continuous range of angular scales from ~40'' to ~1°. Our new radio observations not only reveal previously unknown features of IC 443 but also show the details of the remnant more clearly. The radio morphology of IC 443 consists of two nearly concentric shells. Our 21 cm radio continuum data show that the two shells have distinctly different radial intensity distributions. This morphology supports the scenario whereby the western shell is a breakout portion of the remnant into a rarefied medium. We have developed a dynamical model accounting for the breakout, which provides an estimate for the remnant age of ~2 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> yr. The southeastern boundary of the remnant shows interesting features, seen in our observations for the first time: a faint radio continuum halo and numerous 'spurs.' These features are mainly found in the region where IC 443 overlaps with another remnant, G189.6+3.3. These features most likely originate from the interactions of IC 443 with the surrounding medium. The H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> emission associated with IC 443 appears over the velocity range between −100 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> and 50 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>. The strongest absorption is seen around v<SUB>LSR</SUB> ~ −5 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>, which corresponds to the systemic velocity of IC 443. We identify a broad, extended lane of H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> gas near the systemic velocity as preshock gas in the southern part of the remnant. Most of the shocked H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> gas is located along the southern supernova remnant (SNR) boundary and is blueshifted. We derive an accurate mass of the shocked H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> gas using template HCO<SUP>+</SUP> (1-0) spectra, which is 493 ± 56 M<SUB>☉</SUB>. Our high-resolution H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> data enable us to resolve the shocked H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> in the northeastern region into a few filamentary structures, which are well correlated with radiative filaments, in both position and velocity. This represents the first unambiguous detection of the recombined H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> in an atomic shock. The characteristics of the filaments are not consistent with a clumpy shock model where the radiative signature is from dense clumps. Instead we propose that the shock has been propagating through a uniform medium of n<SUB>H</SUB> ~ 10 cm<SUP>−3</SUP>.</P>
THE AzTEC/SMA INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING SURVEY OF SUBMILLIMETER-SELECTED HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Younger, Joshua D.,Fazio, Giovanni G.,Huang, Jia-Sheng,Yun, Min S.,Wilson, Grant W.,Ashby, Matthew L. N.,Gurwell, Mark A.,Peck, Alison B.,Petitpas, Glen R.,Wilner, David J.,Hughes, David H.,Aretxaga, IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.704 No.1
<P>We present results from a continuing interferometric survey of high-redshift submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with the Submillimeter Array, including high-resolution (beam size similar to 2 arcsec) imaging of eight additional AzTEC 1.1 mm selected sources in the COSMOS field, for which we obtain six reliable (peak signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 5 or peak S/N > 4 with multiwavelength counterparts within the beam) and two moderate significance (peak S/N > 4) detections. When combined with previous detections, this yields an unbiased sample of millimeter-selected SMGs with complete interferometric follow up. With this sample in hand, we (1) empirically confirm the radio-submillimeter association, (2) examine the submillimeter morphology-including the nature of SMGs with multiple radio counterparts and constraints on the physical scale of the far infrared-of the sample, and (3) find additional evidence for a population of extremely luminous, radio-dim SMGs that peaks at higher redshift than previous, radio-selected samples. In particular, the presence of such a population of high-redshift sources has important consequences for models of galaxy formation-which struggle to account for such objects even under liberal assumptions-and dust production models given the limited time since the big bang.</P>
민정기,윤호영,이승훈,정승환,박태규,한동철 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-
Hydrodynamic focusing or sheathflow focusing has been used to confine the sample within a certain volume of a fluid stream. Using that focusing method, flowcytometers equipped with microchips should have microchannels which are horizontal to the ground. Accordingly, the sedimentation phenomena of cells which lead to the erroneous counting of cells or the problem of clogging with cells around the channel entrance are inevitable. Three-dimensional(3D) hydrodynamic focusing can solve those problems with ease. This paper presents a simple microchannel design for an effective 3D focusing of the sample in microchip type flowcytometers and experimental results of CD4+ T-cells counting using our proposed microchip for HIV screening
培養土의 種類 및 盆內 栽植 方法이 濟州寒蘭 組織培養苗의 生育에 미치는 影響
尹斗煥,兪性泰,宋寅丞,閔炳訓,高王仁,李政明 경희대학교 부설 식량자원개발연구소 1993 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-
조직배양으로 육성된 제주한란의 유묘를 6개월간 백수태에서 순화시킨 후 유묘의 크기와 배양토의 종류 그리고 화분내의 재식 방법을 달리하여 15개월간에 걸쳐 재배 실험을 실시하였다. 조직배양으로 생산된 유묘의 크기가 포장 재배에서 신초의 최장엽장과 최장근장 그리고 뿌리수에 영향을 주었는데 유묘의 크기가 크면 신초의 최장엽장과 최장근장 그리고 뿌리수가 높게 나타났으며 유묘의 크기가 작으면 신초의 최장엽장과 최장근장 그리고 뿌리수도 적었다. 마사토, 일향토와 하이드로볼의 단용 처리구 보다는 두가지 이사의 동요적비의 혼용처리가 제주한란 유묘의 생육에 좋았으며, 특히 이들 3가지가 혼합된 용토에 솔잎을 각각의 동용적비로 첨가하였던 배양토에서 가장 좋은 생육을 나타냈다. 제주한란 유묘를 화분에 재식시 화분의 중앙에 모아심는 것보다 화분의 가장자리에 분산시켜 심는 것이 뿌리수와 생체중 증가율의 증가에 효과적이었다. Seedlings of Cymbidium kanran, Jeju Hanran, regenerated form rhizome in vitro, were transplanted into white moss and hardened at 75% shade and 70% humudity for 6 months. The hardened seedlings were cultured in various media for 15 months to investigate effects of seedling size and potting position on the root growth, leaf length and plant fresh weight of Cymbidium kanran. The size of flask seddling affected the leaf length, the length of the longest root and number of roots; the larger the size of flask seedlings, the higher the growth promotion, in general. The mixed media of Masa, Ilhyang and Hydroball showed a good influence on the growth of Cymbidium kanran. The mixture of Masa, Ilhyang, Hydro-ball pine leaf in the same propotion gave the best influence on increase in the growth of roots and shoot in Cymbidium kanran. The number of roots and percent increase in fresh weight Cymbidium kanran were influenced by the position in 4 1/2 inch plastic pot. Seedlings planted at the peripheral position in pot exhibited growth promotion than those planted together at the center of the pot.