독일의 Kuhstedt 매립지의 공기주입(을 통한 안정화) - Full Scale 운전의 결과와 Lab Scale Investigations 의 비교 -

( Marco Ritzkowski ),( Rainer Stegmann ),( Kai-uwe Heyer ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

독일의 많은 오래된 매립지에서 수행된 조사를 통해, 혐기성분해로 인한 많은 양의 오염물질의 배출이 이루어진다는 것을 발견했다. 이러한 배출은 수십년간 또는 세기를 걸쳐 지속되었고, 환경에 상당히 부정적인 영향을 유발할 것이다. (Heyer et al., 1997). 독일의 법규(TASi, 1993)에서는, 복합적인 차수설계를 적용하는 폐기물의 캡슐화에 의해, 매립지 내부에서의 배출량에 대한 관리를 요구하고 있다. 현장 공기주입공법을 이용한 대규모 실험을 통해, 매립지 내부에서의 오염물질의 감소와 안정화에 의해, 배출 특성을 상당히 개선할 수 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 이를 위해 호기성 조건의 이행이 필수적인 조건이 된다. landfill simulation reactors (LSR) 에서 다양한 폐기물시료의 장기간 조사결과를 통해, 생물분해가능한 유기성 성분은 호기성 조건이므로 더욱 빨리 분해되고, 특히 침출수 내의 질소농도는 상당히 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. The results of investigations carried out in many old landfills in Germany show that significant emissions occur under anaerobic conditions as they normally appear in landfill bodies. These emissions last for decades or even centuries and may result in a significant negative impact on environment (Heyer et al., 1997). The German legislation (TASi, 1993) postulates the conservation of the emission potential inside the landfill body by encapsulation of the waste applying a combination liner system. Extensive laboratory investigations, large scale tests and results of the in situ-aeration operation show that a significant improvement of the emission behavior can be achieved by stabilization and reduction of the pollutant potential in the landfill body. A necessary requirement is the implementation of aerobic conditions as a result of a calculated, controlled and time-limited aeration measure. The results of long-term investigation of different waste samples in landfill simulation reactors (LSR) show that biodegradable organic components are converted faster due to aeration and that especially nitrogen concentrations in the leachate may significantly be reduced.

Structural Aspects in the Theory of Random Walk

Heyer, H. The Korean Statistical Society 1982 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.11 No.2

Random walks as specia Markov stochastic processes have received particular attention in recent years. Not only the applicability of the theory already developed but also its extension within the frame work of probability measures on algebraic-topological structures such as semigroups, groups and linear spaces became a new challenge for research work in the field. At the same time new insights into classical problems were obtained which in various cases lead to a more efficient presentation of the subject. Consequently the teaching of random walks at all levels should profit from the recent development.

Modification of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Transgenic Potato

Heyer, Arnd G. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2000 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2 No.1

Carbohydrates serve three different principal functions in the metabolism of plants. They are the primary products of energy fixation, they are important transport metabolites, and they are deposited as structural or storage compounds. Modification of carbohydrate metabolism therefore covers approaches to modify yield, to change sink/source relationships and thereby alter the ratio of harvestable material, and to improve the quality of crop plants. The scope of this article is to summarize research done at the Max-Planck-Institute related to the first two fields and to present in some detail what we learned, when we established a new carbohydrate storage form in potato.

Enabling of local Value Creation via Openness for Emergent Synthesis

Steffen Heyer,Nariaki Nishino,Bernd Muschard,Günther Seliger 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

To increase rationally demanded sustainability with its ecologic, environmental and social dimensions, innovative technology shallbe exploited. How to transform such technologies into useful application depends on the respective situations and local conditions. Supporting market dynamics with collaboration and competition, local material cycles and generation of wealth are criteria, on howto evaluate if an application is appropriate. Hypothesis is that local actions among many people may make a big difference globallyin the sense of Emergent Synthesis. A key element is a transition of people from passive recipients to active creators in developed anddeveloping regions. In this paper, the idea of local value creation is combined with knowledge transfer about sustainablemanufacturing into the layers invention, mediation and diffusion. Invention, the technological layer, addresses different aspect ofmanufacturing and is realized within a prototype with easy to use equipment. Mediation, the teaching layer, shall enable users tounderstand and possibly improve selected manufacturing as well as recycling technologies. To address local communities in a globalcontext, the diffusion layer addresses sharing innovative ideas via internet for all interested people via open access. All three layersand practical experiences with two prototypes are presented within this paper.

IN SITU AERATION OF THE OLD KUHSTEDT LANDFILL, GERMANY - Results of the Full Scale Operation and Comparison with the Lab Scale Investigations -

( Marco Ritzkowski ),( Raiuer Stegmann ),( Kai-uwe Heyer ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

The results of investigations carried out in many old landfills in Germany show that significant emissions occur under anaerobic conditions as they normally appear in landfill bodies. These emissions last for decades or even centuries and may result in a significant negative impact on environment (Heyer et al., 1997). The German legislation (TASi, 1993) postulates the conservation of the emission potential inside the landfill body by encapsulation of the waste applying a combination liner system. Extensive laboratory investigations, large scale tests and results of the in situ-aeration operation show that a significant improvement of the emission behavior can be achieved by stabilization and reduction of the pollutant potential in the landfill body. A necessary requirement is the implementation of aerobic conditions as a result of a calculated, controlled and time-limited aeration measure. The results of long-term investigation of different waste samples in landfill simulation reactors (LSR) show that biodegradable organic components are converted faster due to aeration and that especially nitrogen concentrations in the leachate may significantly be reduced.

Reversible Macroscopic Alignment of Ag Nanowires

Zhou, Hu,Heyer, Patrick,Kim, Ho-Jong,Song, Jung-Hoon,Piao, Longhai,Kim, Sang-Ho American Chemical Society 2011 Chemistry of materials Vol.23 No.16

<P>The macroscopic arrangement of one-dimensional nanowires (NWs)/nanorods is crucial for many technological applications, because of their structure-dependent physical properties. Using a simple flow-induced alignment method, reversible structural changes between aligned and random states were demonstrated in Ag NW suspensions. The alignment of the NWs was induced under high shear rates and was stable for at least 6000 s, because of depressed Brownian motion. An aligned Ag NW suspension could return to its original random state under low shear, because of the rotation of the Ag NWs. The practical implications of flow-induced alignment are shown through the dielectric, electric, and optical properties of the dispersions. Although the alignments were not perfect, these properties still exhibited marked direction dependence. It is remarkable that the macroscopic, reversible structural change between aligned and random states and the related changes of physical properties can be easily scalable to large areas for many potential applications.</P><P>Reversible alignment and disordering of Ag nanowires were demonstrated by shear. The critical shear rate is ca. 10 s<SUP>−1</SUP> for this reversible transition. Collective dielectric, electrical, and optical properties of Ag nanowires showed direction dependence after alignment.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2011/cmatex.2011.23.issue-16/cm200848h/production/images/medium/cm-2011-00848h_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm200848h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

EVIDENCE FOR 1000 km s ^-1 MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS IN THE LOCAL ULIRG POPULATION

Chung, Aeree,Yun, Min S.,Naraynan, Gopal,Heyer, Mark,Erickson, Neal R. IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.732 No.1

<P>The feedback from galactic outflows is thought to play an important role in shaping the gas content, star formation history, and ultimately the stellar mass function of galaxies. Here we present evidence for massive molecular outflows associated with ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) in the co-added Redshift Search Receiver (CO)-C-12 (1-0) spectrum. Our stacked spectrum of 27 ULIRGs at z = 0.043-0.11 (nu(rest) = 110-120 GHz) shows broad wings around the CO line with Delta V (FWZI) approximate to 2000 km s(-1). Its integrated line flux accounts for up to 25%+/- 5% of the total CO line luminosity. When interpreted as a massive molecular outflow wind, the associated mechanical energy can be explained by a concentrated starburst with star formation rate (SFR) >= 100 M-circle dot yr(-1), which agrees well with their SFR derived from the FIR luminosity. Using the high signal-to-noise stacked composite spectrum, we also probe (CO)-C-13 and (CN)-C-12 emission in the sample and discuss how the chemical abundance of molecular gas may vary depending on the physical conditions of the nuclear region.</P>

미국 환경주의에 대한 역사적 개관: 환경이념과 집합행동을 중심으로

허창덕 ( Chang Deog Huh ),( Sarah Heyer ) 한국환경철학회 2007 환경철학 Vol.0 No.6

12CO and 13CO Observations toward the Two Extraordinary Filaments in the Orion-Monoceros Molecular Cloud Complex

Jeewon Lee,Sungsoo S. Kim,Mark Morris,Mark Heyer 한국천문학회 2007 天文學會報 Vol.32 No.1

Commissioning of the Redshift Search Receiver

Aeree Chung,Min S. Yun,Gopal Narayanan,Mark Heyer,Neal A. Erickson,Ronald L. Snell,William M. Irvine 한국천문학회 2010 天文學會報 Vol.35 No.2