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Executive turnovers in sub-Saharan Africa
Michelle Kuenzi,David F Damore 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2019 International Area Studies Review Vol.22 No.1
We use competing risks duration analysis to examine the role of ethnicity and governance institutions in executive turnovers of power in 47 sub-Saharan African countries between 1960 and 2008. Using measures that capture the politically important aspects of countries’ ethnic divisions, we find that as compared to countries characterized by one, and only one, potential majority ethnic grouping, leaders’ tenures are shorter in countries with a majority ethnic group that comprises a majority subgroup and that these leaders are at risk of losing power through both coups and elections. In contrast, leaders of countries with no ethnic majority group are better positioned to stave off coups, perhaps by undercutting rivals’ efforts to coordinate among different ethnic groups. Our results, however, suggest that the effectiveness of this strategy wanes over time. Although the results also suggest that the type of regime matters, they do not indicate a monotonic relationship between democracy and elections and authoritarianism and coups.
Michelle Garam Jae,정슬기 한국사례관리학회 2023 사례관리연구 Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of problematic alcohol use in the relationship between the level of satisfaction of familial relationships and quality of life amongst the older adults in Korea. The study sample included 4,814 participants who were selected from the 14th Korea Welfare Panel Survey. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis verified the mediating role of problematic alcohol use between family relationships satisfaction and quality of life among the older adults population in Korea. In other words, the quality of life among family members can have a direct impact on the quality of life among the elderly, but problematic alcohol use can also have a mediating impact between the two variables. Therefore, there are some important implications for social workers and other related healthcare professionals to consider in their practice, including educating and guiding our elderly people to healthier coping mechanisms as well as developing healthier family relationships. Further implications and limitations were discussed.
Michelle Li Nien Tan,Leilani Muhardi,Seksit Osatakul,Badriul Hegar,Yvan Vandenplas,Thomas Ludwig,Jacques Bindels,Eline M Van der Beek,Seng Hock Quak 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3
Purpose: Lactose intolerance (LI) is perceived to be frequent in Asia and has been reported to have considerable impact on dietary intake, nutritional status and the quality of life. We aimed to gather information from healthcare professionals on the perceived incidence, diagnosis and management of LI in 1 to 5 year old children in Southeast Asia. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was sent randomly among healthcare professionals registered in the database of the pediatric societies in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore between June and October 2016. Results: In total, 259 health care professionals responded of which 45.5% (n=118) were from Thailand, 37.4% (n=97) from Indonesia and 16.9% (n=44) from Singapore. Of the participants who responded (n=248), primary LI prevalence among children 1 to 3 years of age was estimated to be less than 5% by 56.8%. However, about 18.9% (n=47) an-swered they did not know/unsure. Regarding secondary LI, 61.6% of respondents (n=153) estimated the prevalence to be less than 15%. But again, 10.8% (n=27) answered they did not know or unsure. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was ranked as the top cause for secondary LI. There was considerable heterogeneity in the diagnostic methods used. The majority of respondents (75%) recommended lactose-free milk to manage primary and secondary LI. Conclusion: More education/training of pediatricians on this topic and further epidemiological studies using a more systematic approach are required.
Michelle L. Baglia,Yong Cui,Tao Zheng,Gong Yang,Honglan Li,Mingrong You,Liling Xu,Harvey Murff,Yu-Tang Gao,Wei Zheng,Yong-Bing Xiang,Xiao-Ou Shu 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2
Purpose Studies suggest that regular use of metformin may decrease cancer mortality. We investigated the association between diabetes medication use and cancer survival. Materials and Methods The current study includes 633 breast, 890 colorectal, 824 lung, and 543 gastric cancer cases identified from participants of two population-based cohort studies in Shanghai. Information on diabetes medication use was obtained by linking to electronic medical records. The associations between diabetes medication use (metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin) and overall and cancer-specific survival were evaluated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Results After adjustment for clinical characteristics and treatment factors, use of metformin was associated with better overall survival among colorectal cancer patients (hazards ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.88) and for all four types of cancer combined (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.98). Ever use of insulin was associated with worse survival for all cancer types combined (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.57 to 2.29) and for the four cancer types individually. Similar associations were seen for diabetic patients. Sulfonylureas use was associated with worse overall survival for breast or gastric cancer (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.22 to 6.80 and HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.84, respectively) among diabetic patients. Similar association patterns were observed between diabetes medication use and cancer-specific survival. Conclusion Metformin was associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer cases, while insulin use was associated with worse survival among patients of four major cancers. Further investigation on the topic is needed given the potential translational impact of these findings.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF HYDROXYLAPATITE BY WET PRECIPITATION
Michelle Khoo Shi Qing,Madeleine Cheng Chui Ru,G. Roshan Deen 국제과학영재학회 2012 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.4 No.-
Hydroxylapatite (HA) is an important part of mineral bone. Synthetic HA is widelyknown as a substitute material for decayed teeth and damaged bones. This is due to its biocompatability with bone material. We chose to investigate wet precipitation reaction as it synthesises a relatively large amount of HA, resulting in a cheaper cost compared to other techniques such as thermal preparation. Moreover, the reaction does not involve foreign materials, and produces a safe by-product, water. Other methods of synthesis exist such as reverse microemulsion, a technique which involves the use and production of harmful organic compounds. As such, we chose to focus our research on the effect of heat on HA synthesised by wet precipitation. This is to determine if a more biocompatible sample of HA can be obtained with application of heat. The synthesised HA powder was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Electron Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
Inhibitory G proteins and their receptors: emerging therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes
Michelle E Kimple,Joshua C Neuman,Amelia K Linnemann,Patrick J Casey 생화학분자생물학회 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.-
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is steadily increasing, nearly doubling between 1980 and 2008. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a costly chronic disease and serious public health problem. The underlying cause of T2DM is a failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to continue to produce enough insulin to counteract insulin resistance. Most current T2DM therapeutics do not prevent continued loss of insulin secretion capacity, and those that do have the potential to preserve beta cell mass and function are not effective in all patients. Therefore, developing new methods for preventing and treating obesity and T2DM is very timely and of great significance. Thereis now considerable literature demonstrating a link between inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in insulin-responsive tissues and the pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM. These studies are suggesting new and emerging therapeutic targets for these conditions. In this review, we will discuss inhibitory G proteins and GPCRs that have primary actions in the beta cell and other peripheral sites as therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM, improving satiety, insulin resistance and/or beta cell biology.