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Jang, Hwi Young,Choi, Joon-Il,Lee, Young Joon,Park, Michael Yong,Yeo, Dong Myung,Rha, Sung Eun,Jung, Eun Sun,You, Young Kyoung,Kim, Dong Goo,Byun, Jae Young Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2017 Journal of computer assisted tomography Vol.41 No.1
<P>Conclusions: Gd-EOB-MRI showed high specificity but poor sensitivity for assessing transplant eligibility based on MC when adopting the conventional radiological hallmarks of HCC. Our modified criteria showed significantly better sensitivity and accuracy than the conventional radiological hallmarks.</P>
Re-engineering the mitochondrial genomes in mammalian cells
Young Geol Yoon,Michael D Koob,Young Hyun Yoo 대한해부학회 2010 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.43 No.2
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles composed of two discrete membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They have long been recognized as the generators of energy for the cell and also have been known to associate with several metabolic pathways that are crucial for cellular function. Mitochondria have their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), that is completely separated and independent from the much larger nuclear genome, and even have their own system for making proteins from the genes in this mtDNA genome. The human mtDNA is a small (~16.5 kb) circular DNA and defects in this genome can cause a wide range of inherited human diseases. Despite of the significant advances in discovering the mtDNA defects, however, there are currently no effective therapies for these clinically devastating diseases due to the lack of technology for introducing specific modifications into the mitochondrial genomes and for generating accurate mtDNA disease models. The ability to engineer the mitochondrial genomes would provide a powerful tool to create mutants with which many crucial experiments can be performed in the basic mammalian mitochondrial genetic studies as well as in the treatment of human mtDNA diseases. In this review we summarize the current approaches associated with the correction of mtDNA mutations in cells and describe our own efforts for introducing engineered mtDNA constructs into the mitochondria of living cells through bacterial conjugation.
( Michael Hae Jin Pak ),( Won Hyung Lee ),( Young Kwon Ko ),( Sang Young So ),( Hyun Joong Kim ) 대한통증학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.2
Background: Previous studies have shown that if performed without radiographic guidance, the loss of resistance (LOR) technique can result in inaccurate needle placement in up to 30% of lumbar epidural blocks. To date, no study has shown the efficacy of measuring the depth of the posterior complex (ligamentum flavum, epidural space, and posterior dura) ultrasonographically to distinguish true and false LOR. Methods: 40 cervical epidural blocks were performed using the LOR technique and confirmed by epidurograms. Transverse ultrasound images of the C6/7 area were taken before each cervical epidural block, and the distances from the skin to the posterior complex, transverse process, and supraspinous ligament were measured on each ultrasound view. The number of LOR attempts was counted, and the depth of each LOR was measured with a standard ruler. Correlation of false and true positive LOR depth with ultrasonographically measured depth was also statistically analyzed. Results: 76.5% of all cases (26 out of 34) showed false positive LOR. Concordance correlation coefficients between the measured distances on ultrasound (skin to ligamentum flavum) and actual needle depth were 0.8285 on true LOR. Depth of the true positive LOR correlated with height and weight, with a mean of 5.64 ± 1.06 cm, while the mean depth of the false positive LOR was 4.08 ± 1.00 cm. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of the ligamentum flavum depth (or posterior complex) preceding cervical epidural block is beneficial in excluding false LOR and increasing success rates of cervical epidural blocks. (Korean J Pain 2012; 25: 99-104)
Computational discovery of pathway-level genetic vulnerabilities in non-small-cell lung cancer
Young, Jonathan H.,Peyton, Michael,Seok Kim, Hyun,McMillan, Elizabeth,Minna, John D.,White, Michael A.,Marcotte, Edward M. Oxford University Press 2016 Bioinformatics Vol.32 No.9
<P><B>Motivation:</B> Novel approaches are needed for discovery of targeted therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are specific to certain patients. Whole genome RNAi screening of lung cancer cell lines provides an ideal source for determining candidate drug targets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Unsupervised learning algorithms uncovered patterns of differential vulnerability across lung cancer cell lines to loss of functionally related genes. Such genetic vulnerabilities represent candidate targets for therapy and are found to be involved in splicing, translation and protein folding. In particular, many NSCLC cell lines were especially sensitive to the loss of components of the LSm2-8 protein complex or the CCT/TRiC chaperonin. Different vulnerabilities were also found for different cell line subgroups. Furthermore, the predicted vulnerability of a single adenocarcinoma cell line to loss of the Wnt pathway was experimentally validated with screening of small-molecule Wnt inhibitors against an extensive cell line panel.</P><P><B>Availability and implementation:</B> The clustering algorithm is implemented in Python and is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/youngjh/nsclc_paper.</P><P><B>Contact:</B>marcotte@icmb.utexas.edu or jon.young@utexas.edu</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B>Supplementary data are available at <I>Bioinformatics</I> online.</P>
Genotoxicity Studies on Carrageenan : Short-term In Vitro Assays
Young-Shin Chung,Ki-Hwan Eum,Seon-A Choi,Se-Wook Oh,Sue Nie Park,Young-Na Yum,Joo-Hwan Kim,Young-Rok Seo,Michael Lee 한국독성학회 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.1
Carrageenan is a naturally-occurring sulfated polygalactan which has been widely used in the dairy industry and a gelling agent in non-dairy products. In this study, four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of carrageenan. The mutagenicity of carrageenan was evaluated up to a maximum dose of 5 ㎎/plate in Ames test. There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control at any dose in all of strains tested. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. Carrageenan was not considered to be clastogenic in this assay at up to the highest feasible concentration which could be evaluated. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that carrageenan has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, our results indicate that carrageenan was not genotoxic based on four in vitro genotoxicity results.
In Vitro Studies on the Genotoxic Effects of Wood Smoke Flavors
Young-Shin Chung,Jun-Ho Ahn,Ki-Hwan Eum,Seon-A Choi,Se-Wook Oh,Yun-Ji Kim,Sue Nie Park,Young-Na Yum,Joo-Hwan Kim,Michael Lee 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.4
Smoke flavors based on the thermal decomposition of wood have been applied to a variety of food products as an alternative for traditional smoking. Despite its increasing use, the available genotoxicity data on wood smoke flavors (WSF) are still controversial. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of WSF in four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. WSF did not cause any mutation in the Ames assay using five tester strains at six concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ㎕/plate. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. No statistically significant increase in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations was observed at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ㎕/㎖. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that WSF has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, based on the results obtained from these four in vitro studies, it is concluded that WSF is not a mutagenic agent in bacterial cells and causes no chromosomal and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro.