Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Wang Qi,Dai Huajie,Hou Tianzhichao,Hou Yanan,Wang Tiange,Lin Hong,Zhao Zhiyun,Li Mian,Zheng Ruizhi,Wang Shuangyuan,Lu Jieli,Xu Yu,Liu Ruixin,Ning Guang,Wang Weiqing,Bi Yufang,Zheng Jie,Xu Min 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3

Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites. Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family, <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all <i>P</i><0.044). The causal associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all <i>P</i><0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (<i>P</i>=0.028) and 4.6% (<i>P</i>=0.033); the association between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (<i>P</i>=0.019), 4.2% (<i>P</i>=0.035), and 9.1% (<i>P</i>=0.013), respectively. Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.

Influence of Peanut Cultivars and Environmental Conditions on the Diversity and Community Composition of Pod Rot Soil Fungi in China

Wang, Mian,Chen, Mingna,Yang, Zhen,Chen, Na,Chi, Xiaoyuan,Pan, Lijuan,Wang, Tong,Yu, Shanlin,Guo, Xingqi The Korean Society of Mycology 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.4

Peanut yield and quality are seriously affected by pod rot pathogens worldwide, especially in China in recent years. The goals of this study are to analyze the structure of fungal communities of peanut pod rot in soil in three peanut cultivars and the correlation of pod rot with environmental variables using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 46,723 internal transcribed spacer high-quality sequences were obtained and grouped into 1,706 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cut-off level. The coverage, rank abundance, and the Chao 1 and Shannon diversity indices of the operational taxonomic units were analyzed. Members of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant, such as Fusarium, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Sordariomycetes, followed by Basidiomycota. The results of the heatmap and redundancy analysis revealed significant variation in the composition of the fungal community among the three cultivar samples. The environmental conditions in different peanut cultivars may also influence on the structure of the fungal community. The results of this study suggest that the causal agent of peanut pod rot may be more complex, and cultivars and environmental conditions are both important contributors to the community structure of peanut pod rot fungi.

Influence of Peanut Cultivars and Environmental Conditions on the Diversity and Community Composition of Pod Rot Soil Fungi in China

( Mian Wang ),( Mingna Chen ),( Zhen Yang ),( Na Chen ),( Xiaoyuan Chi ),( Lijuan Pan ),( Tong Wang ),( Shanlin Yu ),( Xingqi Guo ) 한국균학회 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.4

Peanut yield and quality are seriously affected by pod rot pathogens worldwide, especially in China in recent years. The goals of this study are to analyze the structure of fungal communities of peanut pod rot in soil in three peanut cultivars and the correlation of pod rot with environmental variables using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 46,723 internal transcribed spacer high-quality sequences were obtained and grouped into 1,706 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cut-off level. The coverage, rank abundance, and the Chao 1 and Shannon diversity indices of the operational taxonomic units were analyzed. Members of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant, such as Fusarium, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Sordariomycetes, followed by Basidiomycota. The results of the heatmap and redundancy analysis revealed significant variation in the composition of the fungal community among the three cultivar samples. The environmental conditions in different peanut cultivars may also influence on the structure of the fungal community. The results of this study suggest that the causal agent of peanut pod rot may be more complex, and cultivars and environmental conditions are both important contributors to the community structure of peanut pod rot fungi.

Structural and magnetic properties of Si1−xGex thin films implanted with Fe ions

Li Wang,Deng-Lu Hou,Jingsheng Yu,Wengang Wei,Cong-Mian Zhen,Li Ma,Fengchun Hu,Chao Wang 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.4

A series of Si1-xGex (x = 1, 0.848, 0.591, 0.382, 0.209, 0.064, 0) thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering were implanted with Fe ions to different doses using the metal vapor vacuum arc technique. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) was used to characterize the local microstructure around the Fe atoms in Fe-doped Si1-xGex samples. Structural analysis showed that for annealed samples of Ge-rich thin films (including pure Ge) implanted with low doses of Fe ions, almost all the Fe ions substituted at Ge sites. However, an anti-ferromagnetic Fe6Ge5 impurity phase existed in the annealed samples implanted with high doses of Fe. It was also found that the solubility of Fe ions was highest in pure Ge films and that with increasing Si concentration, the solubility decreased. Magnetic analysis showed that for the as-implanted and annealed samples of Ge-rich thin films implanted with Fe ions, room-temperature ferromagnetism was strongest in the pure Ge series of samples and that as the Ge concentration decreased, the ferromagnetism at room temperature weakened. In addition, annealing could increase the number of Fe ions at substitution sites, which resulted in the observed increase in the saturated magnetization after annealing. Experiment and theoretical analysis showed that the ferromagnetism of Fe-doped Ge-rich Si1xGex thin films samples originated from the s, ped exchange interactions between the Si1-xGex matrix and those Fe ions which substituted at Ge sites and that the ferromagnetism was mediated by carriers.

Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution to Ni-doped bamboo charcoal

Yin Wang,Xuejiang Wang,Xin Wang,Mian Liu,Zhen Wu,Lianzhen Yang,Siqing Xia,Jianfu Zhao 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1

Bamboo charcoal (BC) obtained by pyrolysis of Makino bamboo in the absence of oxygen was used as support for the preparation of Ni-doped adsorbent (Ni-BC). The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from water. The results showed that both BET surface area and total pore volume of Ni-BC increased. The adsorption of Pb(II) strongly depended on solution pH,temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) at 298 K were 25.0 and 142.7 mg/g for BC and Ni-BC,respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorptions of Pb(II) onto both adsorbents were feasible,spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Ni-BC could be readily regenerated for reuse.

Robust Multi-mode Flight Control Design for an Unmanned Helicopter Based on Multi-loop Structure

Hong-qiang Wang,Dao-bo Wang,Hai-bin Duan,Ashfaq Ahmad Mian 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2009 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.7 No.5

In this paper, a novel multi-mode flight control strategy for unmanned helicopter, in presence of model uncertainty, atmospheric disturbances and handling qualities specification requirements (as in ADS-33E), based on multi-loop control structure combining robust H-infinity and PI control is presented. In inner loop H-infinity optimal control technique is utilized ensuring the stability of flight control system in case of change of helicopter dynamics, model uncertainties and eliminates effect of gust disturbance on helicopter states and collective/cyclic inputs. PI control in outer loop is used to improve the dynamic and static operation characteristics. Attitude control and attitude holding flight mode with satisfactory command response and decoupling characteristics is designed using the proposed control strategy. Analysis and simulation results show that Level 1 handling requirements as defined in ADS-33E are accomplished even when helicopter is under constant wind circumstance.

HIGH FIDELITY PARAMETRIC MODELING OF WHOLE WIND TURBINE AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ITS SIMULATION RESULTS

Mian Jiang,Jigang Wu,Guangbin Wang,Xuejun Li 한국신재생에너지학회 2014 AFORE Vol.2014 No.-

Dioxygen Activation and O-O Bond Formation Reactions by Manganese Corroles

Guo, Mian,Lee, Yong-Min,Gupta, Ranjana,Seo, Mi Sook,Ohta, Takehiro,Wang, Hua-Hua,Liu, Hai-Yang,Dhuri, Sunder N.,Sarangi, Ritimukta,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,Nam, Wonwoo American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.44

<P>Activation of dioxygen (O-2) in enzymatic and biomimetic reactions has been intensively investigated over the past several decades. More recently, O-O bond formation, which is the reverse of the O-2-activation reaction, has been the focus of current research. Herein, we report the O-2-activation and O-O bond formation reactions by manganese corrole complexes. In the O-2-activation reaction, Mn(V)-oxo and Mn(IV)-peroxo intermediates were formed when Mn(III) corroles were exposed to O-2 in the presence of base (e.g., OH-) and hydrogen atom (H atom) donor (e.g., THE or cyclic olefins); the O-2-activation reaction did not occur in the absence of base and H atom donor. Moreover, formation of the Mn(V)-oxo and Mn(IV)-peroxo species was dependent on the amounts of base present in the reaction solution. The role of the base was proposed to lower the oxidation potential of the Mn(III) corroles, thereby facilitating the binding of O-2 and forming a Mn(IV)-superoxo species. The putative Mn(IV)-superoxo species was then converted to the corresponding Mn(IV)-hydroperoxo species by abstracting a H atom from H atom donor, followed by the O-O bond cleavage of the putative Mn(IV)-hydroperoxo species to form a Mn(V)-oxo species. We have also shown that addition of hydroxide ion to the Mn(V)-oxo species afforded the Mn(IV)-peroxo species via O-O bond formation and the resulting Mn(IV)-peroxo species reverted to the Mn(V)-oxo species upon addition of proton, indicating that the O-O bond formation and cleavage reactions between the Mn(V)-oxo and Mn(IV)-peroxo complexes are reversible. The present study reports the first example of using the same manganese complex in both O-2-activation and O-O bond formation reactions.</P>

Botnet Detection Based on Correlation of Malicious Behaviors

Chunyong Yin,Mian Zou,Darius Iko,Jin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.6 No.6

Preparation of High-purity 1,3-Diacylglycerol Using Performanceenhanced Lipase Immobilized on Nanosized Magnetite Particles

Jiong-feng Zhao,Tao-Wang,Jianping Lin,Lirong Yang,Mian-bin Wu 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.2

Early research on the nutritional value of 1,3- diacylglycerols (1,3-DAGs) has resulted in a significant interest in their synthesis. 1,3-DAGs can be produced chemically and biologically. In this work, a regioselective lipase from Rhizopus oryzae was efficiently immobilized on nanosized magnetite particles (NSM) in an oriented way, resulting in significant enhancement of activity. The specific hydrolytic and esterification activities of the immobilized enzyme were 1,660% and 260% of those of the free enzyme, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was then used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid with glycerol in a solvent-free system for preparation of 1,3-DAG in a 1 L reactor. The catalytic process was studied in detail, the final concentration of 1,3-DAG reached >76% under the optimal condition when the molar ratio of oleic acid to glycerol was 2.8:1. The regioselectivities of free and immobilized enzyme were both >97%. The immobilized enzyme was reused for 55 cycles with only ~30% activity loss at 30ºC. The purity of 1,3-DAG was up to ~95% (w/w) after a simple purification step with the recovery ratio ~85%. This is the first report of efficient 1,3-DAG purification by neutralization without acyl migration.