A Revolution in Whitehall : Conservative Governments and the Reform of the British State

Martin J . Smith 한국정책학회 1995 한국정책학회 기타자료 Vol.1995 No.3

The state after modernism

Martin J. Smith 서울대학교행정대학원 2016 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.24 No.3

In his book Democratic Governance Mark Bevir has highlighted a number of key issues facing those of us who want to understand the state and its role in governing. Not only has the role of the state changed significantly in the last 30 years but those changes need to be understood in terms of the implications for the nature of the state’s interaction with society and the ways in which the state exercises power within a democratic context. Perhaps what Bevir highlights most is how the conceptions of the state amongst elites is being challenged by changes in the form of government but more importantly by changes in the nature of knowledge and how citizens understand their relationship to the state. Whilst Mark Bevir is right to acknowledge the role and influence of ideas, he has a tendency to overemphasize their impact and as a consequence pays insufficient attention to the role that institutions and structures more generally play in mediating the way in which beliefs and ideas affect outcomes. This simplification leads to an overestimation of the degree of change that has occurred in Britain in particular and in states in general.

Matrics, Risk and Project Management

마틴스미스(Martin Smith) 한국BIM학회 2017 한국BIM학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

Matrics 는 management of activities, time, and resources for international construction solutions를 의미합니다. 이 방법은 프로젝트 초기부터 준공에 이르기 까지 전 단계에 걸쳐 다양한 관점에서 복잡한 연관성을 가진 프로젝트 정보를 효과적으로 기획하고 관리함으로써 리스크 예측, 대응, 관리는 물론 프로젝트 관리를 누락과 중복없이 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 방법입니다. Matrics is solutions for management of activities, time and resources for international construction. This is provided by a transparent project model which includes the use of a common database, technical dictionary and library for all construction information. The model is structured into a series of inter-related matrices so as to enable all parties to a construction project independent of language, location, organisation or activity to access and apply information with the minimum of effort.

Performance Bounds for MMSE Linear Macrodiversity Combining in Rayleigh Fading, Additive Interference Channels

Smith, Peter J.,Gao, Hongsheng,Clark, Martin V. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2002 Journal of communications and networks Vol.4 No.2

The theoretical performance of MMSE linear microdiversity combining in Rayleigh fading, additive interference channels has already been derived exactly in the literature. In the macrodiversity case the fundamental difference is that any given source may well have different average received powers at the different antennas. This makes an exact analysis more difficult and hence for the macrodiversity case we derive a bound on the mean BER and a semi-analytic upper bound on outage probabilities. Hence we provide bounds on the performance of MMSE linear microdiversity combining in Rayleigh fading with additive noise and any number of interferers with arbitrary powers.

Fatalities Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infections

Smith, Gordon S.,Blaser, Martin J. MediMedia Korea 1986 JAMA-Korea Vol.1 No.2

ICE-KSCE AWARD FOR MASTERS THESIS WRITTEN IN ENGLISH

Ian Cowan,Martin Smith,In Keun Lee 대한토목학회 2014 대한토목학회지 Vol.62 No.5

Dual antiplatelet therapy does not scare away the erector spinae plane block

Christopher A. Smith,Kelly M. Martin 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.3

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Nanopatterned Human iPSC-Based Model of a Dystrophin-Null Cardiomyopathic Phenotype

Macadangdang, Jesse,Guan, Xuan,Smith, Alec S. T.,Lucero, Rachel,Czerniecki, Stefan,Childers, Martin K.,Mack, David L.,Kim, Deok-Ho Springer-Verlag 2015 Cellular and molecular bioengineering Vol.8 No.3

<P>Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer unprecedented opportunities to study inherited heart conditions in vitro, but are phenotypically immature, limiting their ability to effectively model adult-onset diseases. Cardiomyopathy is becoming the leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but the pathogenesis of this disease phenotype is not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to test whether biomimetic nanotopography could further stratify the disease phenotype of DMD hiPSC-CMs to create more translationally relevant cardiomyocytes for disease modeling applications. We found that anisotropic nanotopography was necessary to distinguish structural differences between normal and DMD hiPSC-CMs, as these differences were masked on conventional flat substrates. DMD hiPSC-CMs exhibited a diminished structural and functional response to the underlying nanotopography compared to normal cardiomyocytes at both the macroscopic and subcellular levels. This blunted response may be due to a lower level of actin cytoskeleton turnover as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Taken together these data suggest that DMD hiPSC-CMs are less adaptable to changes in their extracellular environment, and highlight the utility of nanotopographic substrates for effectively stratifying normal and structural cardiac disease phenotypes in vitro.</P>

Characterization of a CLYC Detector and Validation of the Monte Carlo Simulation by Measurement Experiments

Kim, Hyun Suk,Smith, Martin B.,Koslowsky, Martin R.,Kwak, Sung-Woo,Ye, Sung-Joon,Kim, Geehyun The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2017 방사선방어학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays have become much more practicable, by taking advantage of good gamma-ray discrimination properties using pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique. Recently, we introduced a commercial CLYC system in Korea, and performed an initial characterization and simulation studies for the CLYC detector system to provide references for the future implementation of the dual-mode scintillator system in various studies and applications. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a CLYC detector with 95% $^6Li$ enrichment using various gamma-ray sources and a $^{252}Cf$ neutron source, with validation of our Monte Carlo simulation results via measurement experiments. Absolute full-energy peak efficiency values were calculated for gamma-ray sources and neutron source using MCNP6 and compared with measurement experiments of the calibration sources. In addition, behavioral characteristics of neutrons were validated by comparing simulations and experiments on neutron moderation with various polyethylene (PE) moderator thicknesses. Results and Discussion: Both results showed good agreements in overall characteristics of the gamma and neutron detection efficiencies, with consistent ~20% discrepancy. Furthermore, moderation of neutrons emitted from $^{252}Cf$ showed similarities between the simulation and the experiment, in terms of their relative ratios depending on the thickness of the PE moderator. Conclusion: A CLYC detector system was characterized for its energy resolution and detection efficiency, and Monte Carlo simulations on the detector system was validated experimentally. Validation of the simulation results in overall trend of the CLYC detector behavior will provide the fundamental basis and validity of follow-up Monte Carlo simulation studies for the development of our dual-particle imager using a rotational modulation collimator.

Extensive Drug Resistance Acquired During Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Cegielski, J. Peter,Dalton, Tracy,Yagui, Martin,Wattanaamornkiet, Wanpen,Volchenkov, Grigory V.,Via, Laura E.,Van Der Walt, Martie,Tupasi, Thelma,Smith, Sarah E.,Odendaal, Ronel,Leimane, Vaira,Kvasnov Oxford University Press 2014 Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol.59 No.8

<P>Nearly 15% of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis cases developed resistance to the fluoroquinolones, the second-line injectable drugs, or both during treatment for MDR tuberculosis. The rate of acquired resistance was significantly lower in programs that met specific performance criteria.</P><P><B><I>Background.</I></B> Increasing access to drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is crucial but could lead to increasing resistance to these same drugs. In 2000, the international Green Light Committee (GLC) initiative began to increase access while attempting to prevent acquired resistance.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> To assess the GLC's impact, we followed adults with pulmonary MDR tuberculosis from the start to the end of treatment with monthly sputum cultures, drug susceptibility testing, and genotyping. We compared the frequency and predictors of acquired resistance to second-line drugs (SLDs) in 9 countries that volunteered to participate, 5 countries that met GLC criteria, and 4 countries that did not apply to the GLC.</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> In total, 832 subjects were enrolled. Of those without baseline resistance to specific SLDs, 68 (8.9%) acquired extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, 79 (11.2%) acquired fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance, and 56 (7.8%) acquired resistance to second-line injectable drugs (SLIs). The relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) of acquired resistance was lower at GLC-approved sites: 0.27 (.16–.47) for XDR tuberculosis, 0.28 (.17–.45) for FQ, and 0.15 (.06–.39) to 0.60 (.34–1.05) for 3 different SLIs. The risk increased as the number of potentially effective drugs decreased. Controlling for baseline drug resistance and differences between sites, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.21 (.07–.62) for acquired XDR tuberculosis and 0.23 (.09–.59) for acquired FQ resistance.</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> Treatment of MDR tuberculosis involves substantial risk of acquired resistance to SLDs, increasing as baseline drug resistance increases. The risk was significantly lower in programs documented by the GLC to meet specific standards.</P>