http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Markus Reinholz ),( Benjamin M. Clanner-engelshofen ),( Markus V. Heppt,Yoji Hirai1 ),( Thomas Ruzicka ),( Carola Berking ),( Tanja Von Braunmuhl ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.4
Ingenol mebutate (IM) is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and induces cell death in precancerous lesions. The efficacy of IM in the treatment of genital warts was investigated in a therapy-refractory patient. The 74-year-old male was treated with IM gel for three consecutive days. Treatment course and efficacy were evaluated by clinical inspection and non-invasive diagnostics namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Within 24 to 48 hours IM induced a strong local inflammatory reaction. One week later a complete response was observed. OCT and RCM showed a strong reaction after treatment with erosions, swelling of cells, and a subepidermal dark band in representative lesions. IM has the advantage of a short treatment period in contrast to other topical treatments and shows a promising clinical outcome. Larger studies are needed to validate the data. (Ann Dermatol 31(4) 434∼437, 2019)
( Markus Brem ),( Kyung Ryang Kim ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2003 Journal of Rural Development Vol.26 No.1
This paper focuses on firm restructuring in transition countries by suggesting mechanisms of governance change that can lead to self-reinforcing contracts. The urn-function model, by linking history, policy, and the relative governance share in a business sector, seeks to support the explanation of the stability of large-scale agriculture. Applied to agricultural restructuring, network externalities in governance structures and increasing transactional returns resulting socialist farming may cause the stability of large-scale farm organizations during transition, even though family farming is often expected to be more efficient according to transaction costs arguments. Some empirical evidence comes from the Czech case of post-socialist transition. Finally we try to draw out the lessons for a possible transition on the korean peninsula.
The Loom-LAG for syntax analysis Adding a language-independent level to LAG
( Markus Schulze ) 한국언어정보학회 2002 국제 워크샵 Vol.2002 No.-
The left-associative grammar model (LAG) has been applied successfully to the morphologic and syntactic analysis of various european and asian languages. The algebraic definition of the LAG is very well suited for the application to natural language pro-cessing as it inherently obeys de Saussure``s second law (de Saussure, 1913, p. 103) on the linear nature of language, which phrase-structure grammar (PSG) and categorial grammar (CG) do not. `` This paper describes the so-called Loom-LAGs (LLAG) -a specialisation of LAGS for the analysis of natural language. Whereas the only means of language-independent abstraction in ordinary LAG is the principle of possible continuations, LLAGs introduce a set of more detailed language-independent generalisations that form the so-called loom of a Loom-LAG. Every LLAG uses the very same loom and adds the language-specific information in the form of a declarative description of the language -much like an ancient mechanised Jacquard-loom would take a program-card providing the specific pattern for the cloth to be woven. The linguistic information is formulated declaratively in so-called syntax plans that describe the sequential structure of clauses and phrases. This approach introduces the explicit notion of phrases and sentence structure to LAG without violating de Saussure``s second law and without leaving the ground of the original algebraic definition of LAG. LLAGs can in fact be shown to be just a notational variant of LAG -but one that is much better suited for the manual development of syntax grammars for the robust analysis of free texts.
Markus, Josua,Wang, Dandan,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Ahn, Sungeun,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Wang, Chao,Yang, Deok Chun Springer US 2017 Nanoscale research letters Vol.12 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A facile synthesis and biological applications of silver (DH-AgNps) and gold nanoparticles (DH-AuNps) mediated by the aqueous extract of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Du Huo) are explored. Du Huo is a medicinal root belonging to <I>Angelica pubescens</I> Maxim which possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles in varying root extract and metal ion concentration, pH, reaction temperatures, and time were recorded by ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The presence of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~414 and ~540 nm, respectively. Field emission transmission electron micrograph (FE-TEM) analysis revealed the formation of quasi-spherical DH-AgNps and spherical icosahedral DH-AuNps. These novel DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps maintained an average crystallite size of 12.48 and 7.44 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps exhibited antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radicals and the former exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens including <I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, and <I>Salmonella enterica</I>. The expected presence of flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and phenols on the nanoparticle surface were conjectured to grant protection against aggregation and free radical scavenging activity. DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps were further investigated for their cytotoxic properties in RAW264.7 macrophages for their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation. In conclusion, this green synthesis is favorable for the advancement of plant mediated nano-carriers in drug delivery systems, cancer diagnostic, and medical imaging.</P><P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Schematic diagram of biosynthesis of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps and evaluation of their bioactivities.</P>
'Das weiche Wasser bricht den Stein' : Taoismus bei Do¨blin und anderen 되뷸린과 다른 독일 작가들에서 나타난 도교 사상
Markus, Joch 독일어문학회 2002 독일어문학 Vol.18 No.-
알프레드 되블린의 처녀작, 「왕륜의 세도약」은 그의 작품 「베를린 알렉산더광장」의 그늘에 가린 채 제대로 빛을 보지 못한 작품으로 도교사상을 주제로 하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 극동 사상이 표현주의자들에게 어떤 매력을 재현할 수 있었는지, 그리고 독일 작가들이 어떤 이유에서 전쟁 전야와 1차 대전 중에 중국에 대해 지대한 관심을 갖게 되었는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 뿐만 아니라 본 연구는 단순히 문예학적인 회고의 차원에서라기보다는 오히려 문화학적인 관점에 더 많은 비중을 두고자 하며 문학의 도교 사상 수용과 극동에서의 독일 식민주의 정책 사이의 관련성을 찾아보고자 한다.
Globale ökonomische Eliten? Eine Globalisierungsthese auf dem Prüfstand der Empirie
Markus Pohlmann 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2009 21세기의 글로벌화와 사회변동 Vol. No.
Ziel des Beitrages ist die U¨berprüfung der, in der Globalisierungsliteratur häufig formulierten Annahme, daβ die Internationalisierung des Managements jener der Unternehmen folge undglobale Märkte zu einem verschärften Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe führten. Anhand empirischer Daten und Analysen zur Internationalisierung des Managements u.a. bei den Top 100 Industrieunternehmen in den USA, Ostasien und Deutschland zeigt der Beitrag auf, daβ weder das mittlere Management noch die Spitzenmanager ihre Karrieren im Ausland machen. Vielmehr hat sich eine Entsendedynamik mit eher kurzfristigen Auslandsaufenthalten etabliert, die mit der Bevorzugung yon Insidern für Spitzenpositionen kompatibel ist. Je weniger revidierbar eine Rekrutierungsentscheidung erscheint, je stärker Clans oder dominante Koalitionen die Karrieremechanismen zur Statusreproduktion nutzen und je stärker kulturelle "Dunkelfaktoren" die Karrieresysteme beeinflussen, desto höher ist die Präferenz für Hauskarrieren. Der "brain drain" zwischen den entwickelten OECD-Ländern hält sich daher in engen Grenzen. Global Economic Elites? The Globalization-Hypothesis and its Empirical Proof Does globalization lead to global markets for managers and international careers? The hypothesis of the globalization literature, that a transnational management is emerging out of a global "war of talents" is examinded by using data on the migration of managers from the U.S., East Asia and Germany. The data show, that no significant brain drain between these countries is taking place and "brain circulation" of insiders with short-term stays abroad is the dominant career pattern. The less likely the exchange of an installed CEO, the more career systems are used for status achievement by Clans and the stronger the influence of informal cultural rules, the higher is the rate of insiders. Thus, between the U.S., Germany and East Aisa no significant global markets for managers are evolving.