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ShadowCam Instrument and Investigation Overview
Mark Southwick Robinson,Scott Michael Brylow,Michael Alan Caplinger,Lynn Marie Carter,Matthew John Clark,Brett Wilcox Denevi,Nicholas Michael Estes,David Carl Humm,Prasun Mahanti,Douglas Arden Peckham 한국우주과학회 2023 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.40 No.4
ShadowCam is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Exploration Systems funded instrument hosted onboard the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) satellite. By collecting high-resolution images of permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), ShadowCam will provide critical information about the distribution and accessibility of water ice and other volatiles at spatial scales (1.7 m/pixel) required to mitigate risks and maximize the results of future exploration activities. The PSRs never see direct sunlight and are illuminated only by light reflected from nearby topographic highs. Since secondary illumination is very dim, ShadowCam was designed to be over 200 times more sensitive than previous imagers like the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Narrow Angle Camera (LROC NAC). ShadowCam images thus allow for unprecedented views into the shadows, but saturate while imaging sunlit terrain.
The catalytic potential of high-κ dielectrics for graphene formation
Scott, Andrew,Dianat, Arezoo,Bö,rrnert, Felix,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Warner, Jamie H.,Borowiak-Paleń,, Ewa,Knupfer, Martin,Bü,chner, Bernd,Cuniberti, Gianaurelio,Rü,mmeli, Mark H. American Institute of Physics 2011 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Vol.98 No.7
Local Atomic and Electronic Structure of Boron Chemical Doping in Monolayer Graphene
Zhao, Liuyan,Levendorf, Mark,Goncher, Scott,Schiros, Theanne,Pá,lová,, Lucia,Zabet-Khosousi, Amir,Rim, Kwang Taeg,Gutié,rrez, Christopher,Nordlund, Dennis,Jaye, Cherno,Hybertsen, Mar American Chemical Society 2013 Nano letters Vol.13 No.10
<P>We use scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the atomic and electronic structure of boron-doped and nitrogen-doped graphene created by chemical vapor deposition on copper substrates. Microscopic measurements show that boron, like nitrogen, incorporates into the carbon lattice primarily in the graphitic form and contributes ∼0.5 carriers into the graphene sheet per dopant. Density functional theory calculations indicate that boron dopants interact strongly with the underlying copper substrate while nitrogen dopants do not. The local bonding differences between graphitic boron and nitrogen dopants lead to large scale differences in dopant distribution. The distribution of dopants is observed to be completely random in the case of boron, while nitrogen displays strong sublattice clustering. Structurally, nitrogen-doped graphene is relatively defect-free while boron-doped graphene films show a large number of Stone-Wales defects. These defects create local electronic resonances and cause electronic scattering, but do not electronically dope the graphene film.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2013/nalefd.2013.13.issue-10/nl401781d/production/images/medium/nl-2013-01781d_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl401781d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Review : Rectal Hyposensitivity
( Rebecca E Burgell ),( S Mark Scott ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.4
Impaired or blunted rectal sensation, termed rectal hyposensitivity (RH), which is defined clinically as elevated sensory thresholds to rectal balloon distension, is associated with disorders of hindgut function, characterised primarily by symptoms of constipation and fecal incontinence. However, its role in symptom generation and the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the sensory dysfunction remain incompletely understood, although there is evidence that RH may be due to ‘primary’ disruption of the afferent pathway, ‘secondary’ to abnormal rectal biomechanics, or to both. Nevertheless, correction of RH by various interventions (behavioural, neuromodulation, surgical) is associated with, and may be responsible for, symptomatic improvement. This review provides a contemporary overview of RH, focusing on diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology, and treatment paradigms. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012,18:373-384)
Collective Experience: A Database-Fuelled, Inter-Disciplinary Team-Led Learning System
Celi, Leo A.,Mark, Roger G.,Lee, Joon,Scott, Daniel J.,Panch, Trishan Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2012 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.6 No.1
We describe the framework of a data-fuelled, interdisciplinary team-led learning system. The idea is to build models using patients from one's own institution whose features are similar to an index patient as regards an outcome of interest, in order to predict the utility of diagnostic tests and interventions, as well as inform prognosis. The Laboratory of Computational Physiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed and maintains MIMIC-II, a public deidentified high- resolution database of patients admitted to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. It hosts teams of clinicians (nurses, doctors, pharmacists) and scientists (database engineers, modelers, epidemiologists) who translate the day-to-day questions during rounds that have no clear answers in the current medical literature into study designs, perform the modeling and the analysis and publish their findings. The studies fall into the following broad categories: identification and interrogation of practice variation, predictive modeling of clinical outcomes within patient subsets and comparative effectiveness research on diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions. Clinical databases such as MIMIC-II, where recorded health care transactions - clinical decisions linked with patient outcomes - are constantly uploaded, become the centerpiece of a learning system.
Wong, Sook-San,Yoon, Sun-Woo,Zanin, Mark,Song, Min-Suk,Oshansky, Christine,Zaraket, Hassan,Sonnberg, Stephanie,Rubrum, Adam,Seiler, Patrick,Ferguson, Angela,Krauss, Scott,Cardona, Carol,Webby, Richard Elsevier 2014 Virology Vol.468 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The cleavage motif in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of highly pathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes of avian influenza viruses is characterized by a peptide insertion or a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS). Here, we isolated an H4N2 virus from quails (Quail/CA12) with two additional arginines in the HA cleavage site, PEK<B>RR</B>TR/G, forming an MBCS-like motif. Quail/CA12 is a reassortant virus with the HA and neuraminidase (NA) gene most similar to a duck-isolated H4N2 virus, PD/CA06 with a monobasic HA cleavage site. Quail/CA12 required exogenous trypsin for efficient growth in culture and caused no clinical illness in infected chickens. Quail/CA12 had high binding preference for α2,6-linked sialic acids and showed higher replication and transmission ability in chickens and quails than PD/CA06. Although the H4N2 virus remained low pathogenic, these data suggests that the acquisition of MBCS in the field is not restricted to H5 or H7 subtypes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An H4N2 influenza virus with a multibasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin protein was isolated from quails. </LI> <LI> This virus remained lowly pathogenic in chickens and required trypsin for <I>in vitro</I> growth. </LI> <LI> This virus showed higher preference for mammalian-type sialic acid receptors. </LI> <LI> This virus transmitted better in chicken than a duck-origin H4N2 virus. </LI> </UL> </P>
Collective Experience: A Database-Fuelled, Inter-Disciplinary Team-Led Learning System
Leo A. Celi,Roger G. Mark,Joon Lee,Daniel J. Scott,Trishan Panch 한국정보과학회 2012 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.6 No.1
We describe the framework of a data-fuelled, interdisciplinary team-led learning system. The idea is to build models using patients from one’s own institution whose features are similar to an index patient as regards an outcome of interest, in order to predict the utility of diagnostic tests and interventions, as well as inform prognosis. The Laboratory of Computational Physiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed and maintains MIMIC-Ⅱ, a public deidentified high- resolution database of patients admitted to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. It hosts teams of clinicians (nurses, doctors, pharmacists) and scientists (database engineers, modelers, epidemiologists) who translate the day-to-day questions during rounds that have no clear answers in the current medical literature into study designs, perform the modeling and the analysis and publish their findings. The studies fall into the following broad categories: identification and interrogation of practice variation, predictive modeling of clinical outcomes within patient subsets and comparative effectiveness research on diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions. Clinical databases such as MIMIC-Ⅱ, where recorded health care transactions - clinical decisions linked with patient outcomes - are constantly uploaded, become the centerpiece of a learning system.