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Some Problems with Early Koguryǒ-Silla Relations Described in the Samguk sagi
( Mark E Byington ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2016 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.29 No.1
According to the Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms), exchanges between the kingdoms of Koguryǒ and Silla commenced with military engagements in the middle of the third century. The broader interregional circumstances of the time, evidenced by both historical and archaeological data, make such an early encounter between these two polities highly unlikely. In this paper I examine data from historical and archaeological contexts to identify contradictions in accounts of the mid-third-century circumstances of the Korean peninsula, demonstrating the anomalous nature of the early depictions of Koguryǒ-Silla relations found in the Samguk sagi. Further, I will discuss how the issue at hand points to a much more pervasive problem with the early chronology of the Silla records in the Samguk sagi, demanding a considerable degree of caution for scholars who use that resource for the study of the history of the Korean peninsula. Lastly, I will discuss briefly how current trends in Korean academia (involving forces that are not limited to the academic realm) pose a challenge for an open and critical evaluation of the chronology of the Samguk sagi.
MARK E. BYINGTON 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2006 Acta Koreana Vol.9 No.1
Reviewer’s Preface This review was originally intended to be a brief description and critique of the volume in question. After having read the first two chapters of the book, however, it became clear to me that certain of the author’s claims and interpretations of historical events demanded a more thorough treatment than a review in standard format would permit. With so little published scholarship on Koguryŏ in the English language, the majority of Western readers would be likely to approach the book without the specialized historical and archaeological background necessary to place the author’s claims in perspective. Since many of these claims are novel and the conclusions sweeping and provocative, a more careful and detailed critique is called for, lest some readers be tempted to accept the unchallenged book as the final word on the topic under consideration. I therefore offer the following extended review in the hope that it will serve to highlight some of the more problematic areas in the author’s work and, perhaps, stimulate academic debate as well.
Development of Social Complexity and First Generation States in the Korea-Manchuria Region
Mark E. Byington 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2019 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.32 No.1
Early societies of the Korean peninsula experienced a variety of developmental forms ranging from simple social configurations to state-level organizations, with stark regional variation. Research on the social and political history of the peninsula prior to the tenth century must account for these regional variations, which frustrate attempts to create a general periodization applicable to the entire peninsula. This study advocates an approach that focuses on social development from the simple to the complex, and finally to the state-level organizations, using a variety of analytical indexes and taking into account the strong variability of social structures in different regions of the peninsula. Employing both archaeological and textual data as a basis, a provisional general periodization would first delimit the lithic periods (characterized by uniformity and simple social structures) from the so-called bronze period (in which social complexity begins to appear). The following phase from the third century BC to the third century CE was a period of accelerating social change and of first-generation state formation. Then from the fourth century we see a period of competing first-generation states. With the fall of Silla in 935, subsequent peninsular polities can be understood as regime transitions of nth-generation states, with more sophisticated modes of historiography now providing the mainstream analytical data.