The Effect of Lexical Frequency in Modulating Translation Asymmetries on L2 Learners

Cui Mao,오은혜 한국언어정보학회 2018 언어와 정보 Vol.22 No.1

The study examinedresponse time in Chinese-English two-way translation in order to explore the role ofword frequency in modulating translation asymmetries between forward and backwardtranslation. 23 Chinese learners of English at two different proficiency levels performed aword translation task of 90 concrete nouns, one-syllable in English words and twocharacters in Chinese words. The results showed that there were asymmetries betweenthe two translation directions, with backward translation taking significantly longer timethan forward translation. Word frequency played a role in modulating the asymmetriesin that translating high-frequency items, regardless of direction, took significantly shortertime than the mid- and low-frequency items. But backward translation displayed largermagnitude of sensitivity to the variation of frequency than forward translation. It wassuggested that both forward and backward translation were conceptually-mediated withdiffering strength in the linking between the lexical items and their conceptualrepresentations, being stronger with high-frequency items than mid- and low-frequencyitems. Conceptual activation is easier for high frequency items.

RALY RNA Binding Protein-like Reduced Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cui, Zhi-Wen,Xia, Ye,Ye, Yi-Wang,Jiang, Zhi-Mao,Wang, Ya-Dong,Wu, Jian-Ting,Sun, Liang,Zhao, Jun,Fa, Ping-Ping,Sun, Xiao-Juan,Gui, Yao-Ting,Cai, Zhi-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinical characteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluate the expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationships between expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months (range: 4~116months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistry analyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levels in ccRCC samples (${\chi}^2$-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage (p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than those with a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regression analysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expression of RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinical samples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic factor.

Research on Key Technologies of End to side Computing Network based on Field Level AI Reasoning for Terminal Equipment

Mao Ni,Ting Zhou,Hengjiang Wang,Fang Cui 대한전자공학회 2023 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.12 No.6

This study analyzes the field-level AI reasoning technology of its terminal equipment and applies it to optimizing computing resources under the cooperation of multiple UAVs. The experimental results indicates that the performance of the ICEM method is superior to the other three methods, and the maximum value is 15 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> bits/Joule. An increase of 10 thresholds can reduce the number of iterations 50-fold when the amount of CDF iterations is 0.9. This can reach more than 20 times if the number of UAVs and mobile terminal devices doubles. The UAV will run at the maximum speed in most time slots, and the maximum computation of the terminal equipment can reach 15 Mbits when the entire working cycle is 30 seconds. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this study achieves higher computing energy efficiency based on less convergence time and is effective in end-to-end computing power network computing resource scheduling.

Prognostic Value of PLCE1 Expression in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cui, Xiao-Bin,Peng, Hao,Li, Su,Li, Ting-Ting,Liu, Chun-Xia,Zhang, Shu-Mao,Jin, Ting-Ting,Hu, Jian-Ming,Jiang, Jin-Fang,Liang, Wei-Hua,Li, Na,Li, Li,Chen, Yun-Zhao,Li, Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: A number of studies have identified a shared susceptibility locus in phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA). However, the results of PLCE1 expression in esophageal and gastric cancer remain inconsistent and controversial. Moreover, the effects on clinicopathological features remain undetermined. This study aimed to provide a precise quantification of the association between PLCE1 expression and the risk of ESCC and GCA through meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were identified from PubMed, Wanfang Data, ISI Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Using RevMan5.2 software, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess the association of PLCE1 expression with clinicopathological features relative to ESCC or GCA. Results: Seven articles were identified, including 761 esophageal and gastric cancer cases and 457 controls. Overall, we determined that PLCE1 expression was associated with tumor progression in both esophageal cancers (pooled OR=5.93; 95%CI=3.86 to 9.11) and gastric cancers (pooled OR=9.73; 95%CI=6.46 to 14.7). Moreover, invasion depth (pooled OR=3.62; 95%CI=2.30 to 5.70) and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=4.21; 95%CI=2.69 to 6.59) were linked with PLCE1 expression in gastric cancer. However, no significant associations were determined between PLCE1 overexpression and the histologic grade, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Conclusions: Our metaanalysis results indicated that upregulated PLCE1 is significantly associated with an increased risk of tumor progression in ESCC and GCA. Therefore, PLCE1 expression can be appropriately regarded as a promising biomarker for ESCC and GCA patients.

A Noninvasive Online System for Biomass Monitoring in Shaker Flasks Using Backward Scattered Light

Jian Mao,Yingge Yan,Olaf Eichstädt,Xianshuai Chen,Zuowei Wang,Jinming Cui 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.2

This paper presents a noninvasive optical sensor system for monitoring cell growth in shaker flasks commonly used in biological laboratories. The system uses an open-source microprocessor board to monitor concentration of Escherichia coli host cells. To allow measurement for a range of filling degrees and shaker speeds, the backscattering angle is chosen to minimize interference from surface reflections and the measurement window is synchronized to the position of the shaker flask. A nonlinear calibration model of scattered light can predict offline optical density with a mean relative error of 5.2%, an accuracy which is comparable to the classical offline method and sufficient for biotechnology applications.

Reverse transfer of L3 on the Interpretation of L2 Reflexives

안희돈,Cui Mao 아시아테플 2019 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.16 No.4

English reflexives allow only for short-distance binding except for exempt anaphors, while Chinese and Korean reflexives can be both short- and long-distance bound. This study examines the cross-linguistic influence of L3 Korean on L2 English in the interpretation of reflexive bindings with Chinese and Korean participants. 30 Chinese-English (CE), 20 Korean-English (KE), and 23 Chinese-English-Korean (CEK) participants completed an English proficiency test and a Truth Value Judgment Task (TVJT). The results of proficiency test showed KE scored significantly higher than CE and CEK, while the latter two were comparable. Nevertheless, although the mean scores of TVJT revealed marginally significant variance, Post-hoc comparisons showed KE scored significantly higher than CE, but not than CEK. CEK displayed numerically higher score than CE, though not significantly. The findings mirrored the pattern in Ahn & Jang (2019) in that L3 seemed to play a more robust role in L2 acquisition. The variation in TVJT between CE and CEK was unlikely to be introduced by either L1or L2 proficiency. Aligning with the Foreign Language Effect Model, L2 may be changed to reflect patterns in L3 when a specific feature was not common for both languages.

Effects of a Cu-contained compound on the microstructures and thermoelectric properties of Zn–Sb based alloys

J.L. Cui,L.D. Mao,D.Y. Chen,X. Qian,X.L. Liu,W. Yang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Zn–Sb based alloys with Cu2Sb addition were prepared using spark plasma sintering technique and the effects of a Cu-contained intermetallic phase on the microstructures and thermoelectric properties were examined. Rietveld refinement reveals that there are many phases in the alloys, which involve β-Zn4Sb3, a major phase ZnSb, a small amount of an intermetallic compound Cu5Zn8 and unidentified impurity phases, the quantities of ZnSb and Cu5Zn8 increase from 67.3 wt.% to 91.8 wt.% and 0–4.3 wt.% with Cu2Sb additive increasing, respectively. The ZnSb plays a fundamental role in controlling the thermoelectric properties, and Cu5Zn8 is of great significance to optimize the transport properties. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 0.72 is obtained for the alloy (Cu2Sb)0.05–(Zn4Sb3)0.95 at 654 K, which is 0.25 higher than that of undoped β-Zn4Sb3 at the same conditions. Therefore, we conclude that a proper addition of Cu2Sb can contribute to the improvement of thermoelectric properties of Zn–Sb based alloys.

The acquisition of acoustic correlates of politeness by native Chinese speakers

Eunhae Oh,Mao Cui 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2020 언어연구 Vol.37 No.S

The current paper explores the acoustic correlates of polite speech in Chinese to examine the similarities and differences of phonetic features contributing to the conveyance of politeness between Korean and Chinese. Building on the previous research on different levels of politeness in Korean, Experiment 1 investigated the phonetic characteristics of deferential and non-deferential Chinese utterances produced by eight native Chinese speakers. The results showed that F0, intensity, H1-H2, HNR and duration played important roles in distinguishing deferential from non-deferential speech, which conform to the patterns shown in Korean. Experiment 2 further assessed deferential and non-deferential speech in Korean produced by Chinese learners of Korean under the assumption that Chinese learners will express deference in the L2 without much difficulty due to the shared phonetic knowledge in the L1. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of cross-cultural multimodal politeness and the implicit acquisition of sociopragmatic knowledge in the L2.

The Modulating Role of Mean Dependency Distance in the Backward Transfer of L3 on the Interpretation of L2 Reflexives

안희돈,조용준,황종배,임정현,Cui Mao 아시아테플 2022 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.19 No.3

Based on the supportive evidence for the existence of backward transfer of L3 on the interpretation of L2 reflexives detected by Ahn & Mao (2019), this paper explores potential factors that possibly affect the process of backward transfer of L3. Successful interpretation of reflexives--the searching for the antecedents to which the reflexives might be bound--is subject to the constraints of syntactic and discoursal factors, given that English is more syntactic-oriented, while Chinese and Korean are more pragmatic-oriented. The present study compares the accuracy rates in the Truth Value Judgment Task to examine the role of syntactic complexity in Chinese-English (CE), Korean-English (KE), and Chinese-English-Korean (CEK) language configurations. The results show that the Mean Dependency Distance (MDD) is a negative and significant predictor of the probability of accurate response in the TVJT. However, when the regression model is fitted by group, it is revealed that the regression coefficient of the MDD strikes a significant level with the CE and the CEK groups, but not with the KE group. The CEK group is more capable of rejecting the influence of syntactic complexity than the CE group, either because of their enhanced meta-linguistic knowledge or because of weakened reliance on syntactic constraints. The findings are in line with both the Cumulative Enhancement Model and the Foreign Language Effect Model.

An Improved Soft Actor-Critic-Based Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with a Nonlinear Fuel Cell Degradation Model

Dongfang Zhang,Yunduan Cui,Yao Xiao,Shengxiang Fu,Suk Won Cha,Namwook Kim,Hongyan Mao,Chunhua Zheng 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.1

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based energy management strategies (EMSs) have become an important research direction for hybrid electric vehicles recently, which still face some problems such as fragile convergence characteristics, slower convergence speed, and unsatisfactory optimization effects. In this research, a novel DRL algorithm, i.e. an improved soft actor-critic (ISAC) algorithm is applied to the EMS of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV), in which the priority experience replay (PER) and emphasizing recent experience (ERE) methods are adopted to improve the convergence performance of the algorithm and to enhance the FCHV fuel economy. In addition, the fuel cell durability is also considered in the proposed EMS based on a nonlinear fuel cell degradation model while considering the fuel economy. Results indicate that the FCHV fuel consumption of the proposed EMS is decreased by 7.87%, 2.79%, and 2.44% compared to that of the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based, the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3)-based, and the SAC-based EMSs respectively while the fuel consumption gap to the dynamic programming-based EMS is narrowed to 2.37% by the proposed EMS. Moreover, the proposed EMS presents the best training performance considering both the convergence speed and stability, and the convergence speed of the proposed EMS is increased by an average of 47.89% compared to that of the other DRL-based EMSs. Furthermore, the fuel cell durability is improved by more than 95% using the proposed EMS compared to that of the EMS without considering the fuel cell degradation.