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Mansik Lee 21세기영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학21 Vol.21 No.3
Modern-day citizens are well informed by repetitive daily news reports on the worsening condition of environment caused by the ideological engine of industrial revolution that has treated the earth as an exploitable resource. I think the only valuable reference point is an ecocentric perspective, even though many thinkers write that the crucial transition taking place now is from the industrial era to the information or electronic era. Because I believe we humans have the utterly ethical, if not theological, obligation to take care of the planet earth. I'd like to explicitly express agreement with the ultimate goals of DEM(Deep Ecology Movement). But as to means I have to find out a lot of suggestions for concrete ideas drastically foreign to the supporters of DEM. The utopian dreams of some supporters of DEM are dangerous because they are not sufficient enough to produce power to change the course of modern history. I cannot but be a critical supporter of DEM because feasible solutions for sustainable development or ecological sustainability cannot be deduced from DEM platform principles. The platform principles of DEM must be implemented with the plans based upon something like the system of three level transclusion because any one of plans, such as political action, is not so efficient in environmental problems. Derrida does not describe the process of historical transition from one world view to another by the dichotomous mechanism. I coined a term ‘transclusion[包越]' which is the combination of two concepts, transcendence[超越] and inclusion[包含], for the Derridian description of historical transition. For example, feminist critics can read with the system of three level transclusion, such as (1) their own biological experience, (2) political identity and (3) cultural experiencer not only in the diachronic process but also in the synchronic process. This system can be applied for the social problems including ecological crisis, but only in the form of negotiation. The processes of human negotiation with nature as well as with other humans have been already carried out since the last Ice Age. The major task of ecological studies should be to read and write what has been already happening in between. We can and do systematically negotiate boundaries and other practices with adjacent human and non-human societies if we know how to negotiate the borders of their respective living spaces. The negotiation will produce alternative action plans for ecological sustainability required not by manufacturing it according to a specific set of rules, but by making available an incredible diversity of material from which the appropriate plan is selected. The deep questioning approach of DEM to ecology is very praiseworthy. Unfortunately it is not enough to meet the present crisis. Ever deepening questioning process is desperately needed to cope with the ever-changing world. This is why I'd like to call DEM Deeper Ecology Movement instead of Deep Ecology Movement.
Biodegradable Photonic Melanoidin for Theranostic Applications
Lee, Min-Young,Lee, Changho,Jung, Ho Sang,Jeon, Mansik,Kim, Ki Su,Yun, Seok Hyun,Kim, Chulhong,Hahn, Sei Kwang American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.1
<P>Light-absorbing nanoparticles for localized heat generation in tissues have various biomedical applications in diagnostic imaging, surgery, and therapies. Although numerous plasmonic and carbon-based nano particles with strong optical absorption have been developed, their clearance, potential cytotoxicity, and long-term safety issues remain unresolved. Here, we show that 'generally regarded as safe (GRAS)' melanoidins prepared from glucose and amino acid offer a high light-to heat conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonmutagenicity, and efficient renal clearance, as well as a low cost for synthesis. We exhibit a wide range of biomedical photonic applications of melanoidins, including in vivo photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes, photoacoustic tracking of gastrointestinal tracts, photothermal cancer therapy, and photothermal lipolysis. The biodegradation rate and renal clearance of melanoidins are controllable by design. Our results confirm the feasibility of biodegradable melanoidins for various photonic applications to theranostic nanomedicines.</P>
이만식(Mansik Lee) 한국동서비교문학학회 2015 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.33
‘The state of not to rely on letters’ [不立文字] is thought as one of the main characteristics of Zen Buddhism partly because letters are generally considered as the tool to cross the gateway without a door [無門關] and to be thrown away after crossing especially when you are enlightened, you are a Buddha [見性成佛]. The world of being spiritually awakened, namely, the world of Buddha can be achieved only by the Self Awakening of the Original Enlightenment [本證自覺]. Thus you are told to penetrate the real meaning of letters according to the ancient meditative atmosphere of Buddhism instead of relying on the letters. This paper is written in order to find a new way to explain the essence of ‘the state of not to rely on letters’ in Jo Oh-Hyun’s zen poetry because transcendental wisdom [般若] can not be said by a normal language. However, languages have been used by zen masters like Jo Oh-Hyun himself, especially when he writes his poems out of the Bodhisattva Ideal [菩薩思想] and Compassion Thought [慈悲思想], in order to help their students realize the way to the Enlightenment especially in the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism [大乘佛敎]. Most Buddhist monks and scholars talk about the insufficient efforts to communicate Dharma Talk [法語] in terms of modern languages. But the problem of communication in Buddhism has not been caused by the lack of its methods but by the discourse itself. ‘The state of not to rely on letters’ is to be explained to the public in this post-modern age, when language is no longer a reliable device for meaningful communication. Modern western thoughts, including Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction, have been suggested to solve the traditional communication problem of Buddhism. This paper is written to prove that Jo Oh-Hyun’s zen poetry, which began with the traditional poetic form of Si Jo in the history of Korean literature, can be explained properly with the ideas of modern western thinkers, whose works are explicated here as one of the practical programs to elucidate the achievement of Jo Oh-Hyun’s zen poetry as well as to solve the communication problem of Buddhism. This paper also shows that Korean zen poetry has been adequately updated along with Jo Oh-Hyun’s zen poetry.
Jo, Mansik,Bae, Seunghwan,Oh, Injong,Jeong, Ji-hun,Kang, Byungsoo,Hwang, Seok Joon,Lee, Seung S.,Son, Hae Jung,Moon, Byung-Moo,Ko, Min Jae,Lee, Phillip American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.11
<P>Stretchability and areal coverage of active devices are critical design considerations of stretchable or wearable photovoltaics and photodetections where high areal coverages are required. However, simultaneously maximizing both properties in conventional island-bridge structures through traditional two-dimensional manufacturing processes is difficult due to their inherent trade-offs. Here, a 3D printer-based strategy to achieve extreme system stretchability and high areal coverage through combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) and flexible conductive nanocomposites is reported. Distinguished from typical approaches of using conductive filaments for FDM which have a flexibility dilemma and conductivity trade-offs, the proposed axiomatic approach to embed a two-dimensional silver nanowire percolation network into the surfaces of flexible 3D printed structures offers sufficient conductivity and deformability as well as additional benefits of electrical junction enhancement and encapsulation of silver nanowires. Kirigami/origami-pattern-guided three-dimensional arrangements of encapsulated interconnections provide efficient control over stretchability and areal coverage. The suggested process enables a perovskite solar module with an initial areal coverage of ∼97% to be electrically and mechanically reversible with 400% system stretchability and 25 000% interconnect stretchability under the 1000 cycle test, by folding down or hiding the origami-applied interconnects under the islands. This 3D printing strategy of potentially low cost, large size capabilities, and high speed is promising for highly flexible future energy conversion applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>