Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of the Multifunctional β-Glycosyl Hydrolase (Cel44C-Man26A_P558) from Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 Using DNA Shuffling

강영민,강태호,윤한대,조계만,Kang, Young-Min,Kang, Tae-Ho,Yun, Han-Dae,Cho, Kye-Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구자들은 이전에 cellulase, xyalnase 및 lichenase의 다기능 효소활성을 지니는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$의 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase를 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 효소의 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키기 위해 DNA shuffling을 시도하였다. DNA shuffling에 의해 단일변이(P438A)를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 이중변이(A273T 및 P438A)를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$를 얻었다. 이중변이를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 효소활성이 낮게 나타났으나, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 약 1.3에서 2.2배 정도 높은 효소활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$는 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$보다 cellulase, xylanase 및 lichenase 효소활성이 약 1.5에서 2.2배 정도 높게 나타났다. ${\beta}$-Glycosyl hydrolase의 cellulase, linchenase 및 xylanase 최적 효소활성은 각각 pH 7.0, 7.0 및 6.0에서 이었다. 이러한 결과는, 아미노산 잔기인 Ala438이 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키는 중요한 역할을 한다고 추정할 수 있다. We previously reported that the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase protein exhibits multifunctional activities, including cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase. DNA shuffling of the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ enzyme was performed to enhance the enzymatic activity of the multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase. Two mutant enzymes, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries one mutation (P438A) and M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries two mutations (A273T and P438A) were obtained. The enzymatic activity of the M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ double mutant was lower than enzymatic activity of the single mutant (M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). However, both mutants displayed the enhancements in their enzyme activities that were ${\approx}1.3$- to 2.2-fold higher than the original enzymatic activity in Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$. In particular, the mutant M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ exhibited an approximate 1.5- to 2.2-fold increase in the cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase activities in comparison with the control (Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). The optimum cellulase, linchenase, and xylanase activities of ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase were observed at pH 7.0, pH 7.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. These results, therefore, suggest that the amino acid residue Ala438 plays important roles in the enhancement of the activity of multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase.

Domain Isolated Kernel: A lightweight sandbox for untrusted kernel extensions

Manè,s, Valentin J.M.,Jang, Daehee,Ryu, Chanho,Kang, Brent Byunghoon North-Holland 2018 Computers & security Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monolithic kernel is one of the prevalent configurations out of various kernel design models. While monolithic kernel excels in performance and management, they are unequipped for runtime system update; and this brings the need for <I>kernel extension</I>. Although kernel extensions are a convenient measure for system management, it is well established that they make the system prone to rootkit attacks and kernel exploitation as they share the single memory space with the rest of the kernel. To address this problem, various forms of isolation (e.g., making into a process), are so far proposed, yet their performance overhead is often too high or incompatible for a general purpose kernel. In this paper, we propose Domain Isolated Kernel (DIKernel), a new kernel architecture which securely isolates the untrusted kernel extensions with minimal performance overhead. DIKernel leverages hardware-based memory domain feature in ARM architecture; and prevents system manipulation attacks originated from kernel extensions, such as rootkits and exploits caused by buggy kernel extensions. We implemented DIKernel on top of Linux 4.13 kernel with 1500 LOC. Performance evaluation indicates that DIKernel imposes negligible overhead which is observed by cycle level microbenchmark.</P>

국내기업 적용을 위한 학습민첩성의 개념정의와 구성요인에 관한 탐색적 연구

강금만(Kang, Kum-man),김민재(Kim, Min-jae),송영수(Song, Youngsoo) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.6

[연구목적] 학습민첩성은 Lombardo and Eichinger(2000)가 그 개념을 최초로 주창한 이래 다양한 관점에서 개념정의와 구성요인 연구가 이루어졌으나 국내기업에의 적용을 위한 목적에서의 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하였다. 이에 실천적 관점에서 국내기업에의 적용을 위한 학습민첩성의 개념정의와 구성요인을 탐색해보고 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 선행연구에 대한 문헌고찰, 국내 인적자원개발 관련 산학연 전문가를 활용한 델파이 기법, 초점집단면접을 연구방법으로 채택함으로써 삼각검증을 실시하였다. 먼저 문헌고찰을 통해 사전적 구성요인을 도출하였고, 산학연 전문가 23명으로부터 3차에 걸친 델파이조사를 통하여 개념정의와 구성요인을 확인하였고, 2차와 3차 델파이조사 뒤에 초점집단면접을 실시하여 최종적인 개념정의와 구성요인을 확정하였다. 이 과정에서 내용타당도비율(CVR)을 파악하여 델파이조사의 타당도를 검토하였다. [연구결과] 국내기업에의 실질적 적용을 위한 학습민첩성의 개념적 정의에 있어서 포괄적 접근 관점에서의 개념정의가 이루어졌다. 구성요인은 크게 성장지향, 자아성찰, 관계지향, 변화지향, 유연한 사고, 도전적 실험의 6개가 도출되었다. [연구의 시사점] 학습민첩성 구성요인을 확인함으로써 실천적 관점에서의 교육과정 개발과 상관관계 분석을 위한 토대를 제공할 수 있다. [Purpose] Since Lombardo and Eichinger(2000) advocated the concept of learning agility, a lot of studies had been conducted worldwide. But the research for the purpose of applying to Korean companies is relatively insufficient. The purpose of this study is to explore the conceptual definition and constructs of learning agility from a practical point of view. [Methodology] For this purpose, we conducted triangulation by adopting literature review, 3-round Delphi method, and 2-round focus group interview. 23 experts from universities, research institutes and industries participated in the Delphi survey. CVR(Content Validity Ratio) was used as a criteria for the selection of constructs. [Findings] The characteristic of learning agility concept derived from Delphi method and FGI is that it takes the comprehensive approach. 6 major constructs of growth-oriented, self-reflective, relationship-oriented, change-oriented, flexible thinking, and challenging experiments are derived. [Implications] Identified constructs provide a foundation for curriculum development and correlation analysis from a practical perspective. As a result, it can help reinforce learning agility in Korean companies.

단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고의 원인과 방사선학적 소견: 중례보고 및 가스분석 결과

박충기,김만구,김흥철,안범규,박만수,황우철,최철순,강익원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

목 적:단무지 공장에서 질식사고를 일으켰던 가스의 종류를 알아내고, 이러한 가스중독의 방서선학적 소견을 소개하기 위하여 본 연구를 하였다. 대상 및 방법:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식 사고자 3예중 생존자 1예를 대상으로 단순흥부X-선검사와 CT 소견을 분석하였으며, 가스의 종류를 알아내기 위하여 단무지를 유리병에 넣어 발생된 가스를 가스크로마토그래픽을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과:단무지 공장에서 발생한 질식사고자중 생존한 1명의 방사선학적 검사에서 신속히 호전되는 폐경결(consolidation)을 볼 수 있었으며 이는 폐부종의 소견임을 알 수 있었다. 협기성 상태에서 단무지를 담은 유리병의 상층부 가스를 실험 분석한 결과 이산화탄소, 에칠알코올이 다량으로 검출되었으나 독성가스는 주로 황화수소이였다. 결 론:단무지 공장의 질식 사고자에서 폐방사선학적 소견은 폐경결을 보이는 폐부증으로서 이는 실험을 통해 단무지에서 발생되는 유독가스인 황화수소 때문임을 입증하였다. Purpose: To identify the main toxic gas released from salted radish in rice bran(Dan-M-Ji) and to introduce the radiological findings of the patient who was exposed to the gas. Materials and Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of one survivor among three men who were exposed to the gas from Dan-Mu-Ji were reviewed. Gas obtained from the closed bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was analized by using the gas chromatography. Results: The radiographlc examinations of the survivor were suggestive of pulmonary edema with it's rapidly improving consolidations in both lung. The headapace gas within the bottle containing Dan-Mu-Ji was mainly composed with carbon dioxide, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen sulfide, of which hydrogen sulfide was considered the main toxic gas released. Conclusion: Under the anaerobic condition, Dan-Mu-Ji released toxic hydrogen sulfide. Inhalation of hydrogen sulfide might produce non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

ADVANCED MMIS TOWARD SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN HUMAN ERRORS IN NPPS

Seong, Poong Hyun,Kang, Hyun Gook,Na, Man Gyun,Kim, Jong Hyun,Heo, Gyunyoung,Jung, Yoensub Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.2

This paper aims to give an overview of the methods to inherently prevent human errors and to effectively mitigate the consequences of such errors by securing defense-in-depth during plant management through the advanced man-machine interface system (MMIS). It is needless to stress the significance of human error reduction during an accident in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Unexpected shutdowns caused by human errors not only threaten nuclear safety but also make public acceptance of nuclear power extremely lower. We have to recognize there must be the possibility of human errors occurring since humans are not essentially perfect particularly under stressful conditions. However, we have the opportunity to improve such a situation through advanced information and communication technologies on the basis of lessons learned from our experiences. As important lessons, authors explained key issues associated with automation, man-machine interface, operator support systems, and procedures. Upon this investigation, we outlined the concept and technical factors to develop advanced automation, operation and maintenance support systems, and computer-based procedures using wired/wireless technology. It should be noted that the ultimate responsibility of nuclear safety obviously belongs to humans not to machines. Therefore, safety culture including education and training, which is a kind of organizational factor, should be emphasized as well. In regard to safety culture for human error reduction, several issues that we are facing these days were described. We expect the ideas of the advanced MMIS proposed in this paper to lead in the future direction of related researches and finally supplement the safety of NPPs.

國民學生의 育苗 學習 敎果 增進을 위한 敎材 硏究

姜萬寧 진주교육대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

Lectures have been currently substituted for practical experiments in elementary schools due to the shortage of experimental materials as well as experimental field for practice. The author devised the simple alternative teaching materials for seedling growth and grafting to do experiments. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) Seeds were germinated in a pot in the class room and then were brought home to grow as home projject. 2) Easy handling seeds for elementary students were selected, such seeds as light independent, long lasting, and lese sensitive to water content to germinate. 3) Disposable paper cups were used successfully as a pot. They were easy to get and handle for seediling growth. 4) Sawdust, bricket ashes, and commercial pot mix provided good aeration and proper water holding capacity. They can support seedling growth for 2-3 weeks. 5) Woodplate was used for grafting practice to fix branches.

비뇨생식기계 영역의 감염증에 있어서 Cefminox(Meicelin^(�))의 치료 효과

강순구,박만수,설종구 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.10

南韓에 있어서 季節別 氣壓配置型과 平均氣溫·降水量과의 相關에 관한 地域的 硏究

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this paper is to analyze the regional correlation between the pressure patterns and the mean temperatures and precipitation of every season which were obtained from the data observed at the thirteen stations in South korea during the period from 1956 to 1980. The results of the analysis may be summarized as follows. The correlation coefficients show the significant correlations all over the country. The positive correlations are shown between the summer temperature and the patternⅤ, between the summer precipitation and the patternⅣ and between the autumnal precipitation and the patternⅣ. The negative correlation is indicated between the autumnal precipitation and the patternⅢ on the other hand. On the basis of the distribution charts of the correlation coefficients, some reveal the significant correlations in the certain regions and the others do little significance. There is barely significant correlation between the spring temperature and the pattern I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. The drop in the spring temperature occurs in the entire South Korea under the influence of the pattern I, particularly in the southern region. The drop in the temperature by the pattern Ⅳ appears in the eastern slope. The spring temperature rises under the action of the patternⅢ and Ⅳ, and such rising trend moves toward the E-W direction. The summer temperature is primarily under the control of the patternⅤ and secondarily under the influence of pattern Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Such tendency is stronger when it moves from the middle region to the southern region. The correlations between the autumnal temperature and the pattern Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ have little significance. Such trend is becoming weaker in the direction of NE. The rising of the autumnal temperature is under the action of the patternⅣ. The significant correlation is found in the inland of Chonbuk and the island of Cheju. The dropping of the autumnal temperatures under the influence of the pattern I,ⅡandⅢ. The falling of the winter temperature is controlled by the pattern I. In the respect the significant correlation can be noticed in the Kyonggi district and the south-eastern region. The rising of the winter temperature is influenced by the pattern Ⅱand Ⅲ without showing any significance in terms of the degree of correlation. In the spring precipitation, the increasing trend controlled by the patternⅣ and the decreasing trend controlled by the decreasing trend controlled by the patternⅢ are greater when one moves from the east coast to the west cast. The summer precipitation is mainly increased by the influence of the patternⅣ all over the country. The precipitation indicates fairly significant correlation in the inland of the southern region. The decreasing phenomenon of the precipitation in summer influenced by the patternⅤincreases when it moves from the middle region to the southern region. In the autumnal precipitation, the increasing phenomenon controlled by the patternⅣ and the decreasing phenomenon influenced by the patternⅢ are composed of the regions of the fairly significant correlations in the entire South Korea except the eastern slope. Especially it is intensive in the Chonbuk district. The correlations between the winter precipitation and the pattern I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ are hardly significant. The changing trend of the correlations appears along the E-W direction.

韓國의 氣候的 植生帶

姜萬石 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1978 연구논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, I treat of the distribution of vegetation division by records of monthly mean temperature and monthly average precipitation from 1931 to 1960 in Korea, and explain climatic characteristics of vegetation regions which are composed of woody plant and herbaceous plant. the results of the analysis may be summarized as follows: (1) The vegetation zone of woody plant and herbaceous plant are divided into three types by three climatic regions. That zone of herbaceous plant is divided into six types based on the method of Klima-diagramm. (2) The forest zone is classified according to temperature and amount of precipitation. The approximate boundary line between the evergreen needle-leaved forest region and the deciduous brad-leaved forest region is decided by warmth index 85, precipitaiton effectiveness ratio 60, and potential evapotranspiration 650. And the demarcation between the deciduous broad-leaved forest region and the evergreen broad-leaved forest region is fixed on warmth index 110, continentality 58, and oceanity 13. (3) According to temperature of 0.5℃ and 1.0℃ in the type of the hotest month, the herbaceous plant is classified into the continental type (Forage type, Sasamorpha type), the transitional type (Miscanthus type, Pteridium type), and the maritime type (Zoysia type, Phragmites type). While, in case of setting up continentality 67 and 55 as a criterion of classifying grasslands, there are appeared some differences in location. (4) The grassland region based on temperature and precipitation are divided into six homoclimatic types which show N-S direction in southern are and E-W direction in northern are. The regional arrangement of three grassland types caused by temperature appears N-S direction in the whole country. (5) In the climatic characteristics of the vegetation zone, the frigid zone is cool in summer and severe in winter, and is belonged to the cold temperate climate within the annual range of temperature of being between 35℃ and 44℃. The amount of precipitation in this zone is between 500mm and 950mm. The temperate zone which has hat summer and comparatively cold winter is compounded the warm temperate climatic region and the cold temperate climatic region. Annual precipitation reached between 950mm and 1300mm is more than that of the frigid zone. The subtropical zone has hot summer and mild winter as a maritime climatic region, so the annual range of temperature becomes the smallest. Since it precipitates normally between 1300mm and 1800mm in a year, this zone forms the heaviest rainfall area.

부안 유천리 도자기의 과학적 분석

강현삼,이한형,박기철,김건한,서만철,서정호,최기영 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2003 문화재과학기술 Vol.2 No.1

전북 부안 유천리 청자요지에서 수습된 청자편 11점의 태토 및 유약에 대하여 화학조성을 분석하고, 기 발표되어진 문헌의 청자데이터들을 종합하여, 이와 비교함으로써 본 시료의 도자특성과 및 산지에 대한 정보를 유추하였다. 태토의 주요산화물 분석에는 XRF를 이용하였으며, 유약의 주요산화물분석에는 EPMA를 이용하였다. 태토 중 17개 미량성분의 분석에는 ICP-MS를 이용하였고, 자료의 비교분석에는 Seger식에 의한 방법과 주성분분석법에 의한 통계처리방법을 병행하였다. 태토의 주요산화물에 대한 비교분석결과 유천리 청자는 Seger 식과 주성분분석에서 RO_(2)와 RO+R_(2)O가 6~8 및 0.3~0.38 mole로, 또 높은 SiO_(2)함량과 낮은 Na_(2)O, CaO의 함량으로 전북지역의 데이터 범위에 분포함을 볼 수 있었다. 유약의 주요산화물에 대한 비교분석결과에서는 Seger식과 주성분분석에서 모두 명확한 지역구분이 나타나지 않았으며, 따라서 유천리 청자 역시 명확한 지역적 특성을 구분하기 어려웠다. 태토중 미량성분의 주성분분석에 의한 통계처리결과 광주 충효동 도편들을 제외하고는 뚜렷한 지역간의 구분을 관찰하기 어려웠다. The characterization of chemical properties and analogy of manufactured origin for the eleven celadon sherds collected in Yuchunri, Buan were performed by analyzing their body and glaze compositions and compared with previous data reported. The chemical compositions of the body and glaze were determined by XRF and EPMA, respectively. The trace elements of the body were also determined by ICP-MS. The Seger analysis and PCA were used to compare the major compositions of body and glaze of the potteries we found with previous data. The Celadon sherds from Yuchunri are distributed in a range of Chonnam potteries considering RO_(2) and RO+R_(2)O are 6~ 8 and 0.3 ~O.38mole, respectively and also high in SiO_(2) and low in Na_(2)O and CaO concentrations in the comparison between the potteries for the major compositions of the body. Differences of the chemical characteristics of those potteries between the provinces were not clear in comparison of the glaze compositions and trace element of the body.